浅谈沥青砼路面施工质量控制中的均匀性和层间结合问题

不同地区，高速公路路面的设计因条件不同而不一样，对施工的要求也有所不同。笔者在山西晋侯（现称翼侯）高速公路有限公司工作期间，有幸参与了路面施工管理工作，就高速公路路面施工的均匀性和层间结合的质量控制措施进行了总结。

Tungsten/steel diffusion bonding using Cu/W-Ni/Ni multi-interlayer

Diffusion bonding between tungsten and 0Cr13Al stainless steel using a Cu/90W-10Ni powder mixtures/Ni multi-interlayer was carried out in vacuum at 1150 °C with a pressure of 5 MPa for 60 min. The microstructures, composition distribution and fracture characteristics of the joint were studied by SEM and EDS. Joint properties were evaluated by shear experiments and thermal shock tests. The results showed that the joints comprised tungsten/Cu-Ni sub-layer/W-Ni composites sub-layer/Ni sub-layer/0Cr13Al stainless steel. The W-Ni composites sub-layer with a homogeneous and dense microstructure was formed by solid phase sintering of 90W-10Ni powder mixtures. Sound bonding between tungsten base material and W-Ni composites sub-layer was realized based on transient liquid phase (TLP) diffusion bonding mechanism. Joints fractured at bonding zone of W-Ni composites sub-layer and Ni sub-layer during shear testing, and the average strength was 256 MPa. Thermal shock tests showed that joints could withstood 60 thermal cycles quenching from 700 °C to room temperature.

碾压混凝土高坝防渗工艺研究

碾压混凝土高坝防渗和层间结合是大坝设计的关键技术问题,也是限制碾压混凝土薄拱高坝发展的瓶颈。经过对大量的碾压混凝土室内和工程试验结果的分析,提出掺矿物纤维变态混凝土、防渗区层面喷洒层间结合剂和表面涂抹渗透结晶型防渗涂料的联合防渗工艺思路,可增强碾压混凝土抗拉强度、层间抗剪强度和抗渗性能,形成性能高、工艺简化的碾压混凝土高坝防渗结构体系。

An Evaluation of Crown Structure and Site Index to Determine Crown Closure in Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis Stands in Guangxi,China

Eucalyptus forests are grown in many parts of the world for their commercial value and use in construction projects. Density management becomes im- portant as a means to attain the management goals in these forests. Changes in canopy and tree crown structure were quantified for Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis forests at different ages to determine when canopy closure occurs and the onset of competition begins. Site index was developed for these forests to determine whether site quality affects the canopy structure. Site index had little effect in the forests sampled, with the forest canopy on the better sites becoming slightly more elongated. Based upon crown projection ratio and crown diameter： dbh （diameter at breast height） ratio, it appears that crown closure occurs by age 4 years in these forests. The age at which this occurs was also checked and verified with the evaluation of relative spacing, RS （the ratio of the mean distance between trees to the average dominant height of the stand）. The RS value displayed a rapid decline until age 4 years, and then became relatively flat through age 21 years. The rapid height growth during the first 3 years with no change in density accounted for this rapid decrease. By age 4 years, reductions in the number of trees due to mortality began to have more of an influence on this value, resulting in a more gradual de- cline. The implications for management are discussed.

Effects of Solvent Molecules on the Interlayer Spacing of Graphene Oxide

Graphene oxide （GO） contains numerous functional groups that facilitate the intercalation of polar solvents. The properties and applications of GO are closely related to its interlayer spacing. We report on the changes in the interlayer spacing of GO after the adsorption of water molecules and the polar organic solvents C2H602 （EG）, C3HTNO （DMF）, C5H9NO （NMP）. Experiments were conducted to investigate the variations in the functional groups and structure of GO after solvent adsorp-tion, and they play a vital role in modeling and verifying the results of molecular dynamics simulation. The most stable GO structures are obtained through molecular dynamics simulation. The expansion of the interlayer spacing of GO after the adsorption of monolayer solvent molecules corresponds to the minimum three-dimensional size of the solvent molecules. The spatial arrangement of solvent molecules also contributes to the changes in interlayer spacing. Most adsorbed molecules are oriented parallel to the carbon plane of GO. However, as additional molecules are adsorbed into the interlaminations of GO, the adsorbed molecules are oriented perpendicular to the carbon plane of GO, and a large space forms between two GO interlayers. In addition, the role of large molecules in increasing interlayer spacing becomes more crucial than that of water molecules in the adsorption of binary solvent systems by GO.

Mechanisms of joint formation throughout semisolid stir welding of AZ91 magnesium alloy

Joining in the semisolid state is considered a possible method to join alloys to each other. The mechanisms taking part in semisolid stir welding of AZ91 alloys were investigated. Two 7.5 mm-thick AZ91 pieces and a 2 ram-thick Mg-25%Zn interlayer piece were placed in a heating plate. After holding for 3 min at a desired temperature, the weld seam was stirred by a rotational tool. The heating plate was travelled on a trolley at a constant speed of 4.6 cm/min. In addition, one sample was welded without interlayer. Evolution of welding as a function of stirring rate, tool shape and temperature was studied throughout this welding process with scanning electron and optical microscopes. Interlayer decreases the joining temperature and assists to investigate the possible semisolid stir welding mechanisms. Increasing temperature and stirring rate, and using round stirrer instead of grooved stirrer increase the stir zone width. The results show that some possible mechanisms are helpful to achieve a proper metallurgical bonding in the welding process, such as oxide layer disruption, liquid phase blending, globule joining, and liquid penetration to the base metal, merging a group of globule into stir zone from the base metal.

Primary study on the ＂θ＂ letter type overlying multi-strata spatial structure of mining face surrounded by mined areas

The overlying strata spatial structure academic viewpoint thinks the primary factor which controls the stope presses is the overlying strata spatial structure movement; the spatial structure above the later period coal pillar surrounded by mined areas is the most complex overlying strata spatial structure and study on its evolution law has the important realistic project significance for strata movement control and production safety. The existing research results indicate that the special structure of the first working face of the mine begins to develop lengthways from stratum movement above mined areas and extends level in the exploitation direction. From existing overlying strata spatial structure fundamental research achievement, the spatial structure above the later period coal column surrounded by mined areas have following characteristic： The spatial structure formation is from the top to the lower and from large to small. According to the findings, a formula with the use of rock layer migration angle delta was put forward to estimate isolated island coal column width on which different stratum structure is gonging to form.

Effect of surface treatment to inserted ring on Al–Fe bonding layer of aluminium piston with reinforced cast iron ring

In order to improve the bonding strength between piston alloys and cast iron ring of aluminum piston with reinforced cast iron ring,the different methods of the surface treatments(shot blasting and sand blasting) to the cast iron ring are experimented.The optical micrograph shows that an intermetallic layer and a ligulate shaped structure are formed between piston alloys and cast iron base ring.After sand blasting treatment,the ring surface is non-metal shiny,matte-like and has no obvious pits.The intermetallic layer thickness formed between piston alloys and cast iron is thinner and more equally distributed after sand blasting to the ring.The content of the graphite distributed the interfacial zone after the shot blasting treatment is little.With the increase of time by sand blasting,the hardness starts to slightly descend.The bonding strength of the sample by sand blasting is obviously higher than that by shot blasting and increases from 9.32 MPa to 19.53 MPa.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE DISPENSER CATHODE WITH Re AS A MIDDLE LAYER

A new type of dispenser cathode with dual-layer (Os-W/Re) is developed. The cathode coated with Os-W/Re shows better emission performance than the cathode coated with Os-W alloy. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectra demonstrate that ternary alloy coating (Os-W-Re) formed on the surface of the cathode with dual-layer (Os-W/Re) after full activation is the major reason why it has better emission than the cathode with Os-W alloy. The surface of each variety of the cathode is characterized with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) before and after activation: the emitting surface of the cathode with Os-W alloy after ageing appeared non-adherence (flaking) in localized areas, which is one of the reasons for non-uniform emission. However, the surface of the cathode with dual-layer (Os-W/Re) does not present film peeling under the same conditions. Thus it ensures better emission uniformity and functional reliability for the dispenser cathode.

Diffusion bonding behaviour of β-γTiAl alloys containing high niobium with Ti interlayer by spark plasma sintering

High niobium β-γ TiAl alloy(HNBG) was diffusion bonded using spark plasma sintering with pure Ti as interlayer. The joint microstructural evolution, growth kinetics and mechanical properties were investigated. The joint included three diffusion zones. The β/B2 phase formed in the Zone Ⅰ, α_(2)phase in the Zone Ⅱ, and β-Ti and α-Ti phases in the Zone Ⅲ. The thickness of β/B2 phase, the average grain size of α_(2)phase and the amount of β-Ti phase increased with the increase of bonding temperature or bonding time. The growth activation energies of β/B2 and α_(2)phases were 582 and 253 kJ/mol, respectively. The joint acquired at 1000 °C, 10 min and 10 MPa showed the maximum shear strength of 308 MPa. Fracture mainly occurred along the interfaces between Zone Ⅰ and HNBG alloy, and between Zone I and Zone Ⅱ. Fracture mechanism of the joint was characterized by brittleness rupture along the phase boundary.

A case of intussuscepted Meckel’s diverticulum

We report colonoscopic features of an intussuscepted Meckel's diverticulum, presenting with hematochezia. A 35-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with acute onset, transient, sharp, severe epi-gastric pain that began 6 h earlier. Colonoscopy re-vealed a reddish, soft, fi st-sized polypoid lesion in the terminal ileum. The lesion was misinterpreted as a hematoma by an inexperienced endoscopist. The pa-tient began to complain of intermittent, severe peri-umbilical pain following the colonoscopic examination. Subsequent computed tomography showed an enteric intussusception. An exploratory laparotomy revealed an intussuscepted Meckel's diverticulum, with trans-mural infarction. Colonoscopy was of little use in as-sessing the intussusception. However, colonoscopic examination may be performed initially, especially in an intussuscepted Meckel's diverticulum present-ing with hematochezia. Endoscopists should note the endoscopic features of an intussuscepted Meckel's diverticulum.

Differences inthe Level of Social Status of Male and Female Folk Dancers

The research was conducted in order to determine differences in the social status structure of male and female performers of folk dances. For the purpose of determining the social status structure of male and female dancers, 103 male and 145 female dancers aged 18-28 actively engaged in folk dancing were tested. For the assessment of social status, only one model that allows for true scientific approach to studying the structure of stratification dimensions has been made so far. The model was constructed by Saksida and later served as a basis for many studies conducted by other authors as well （Saksida, Caserman, Petrovic, Momirovic, and Hosek）. Designed as a phenomenological model, it has undergone several changes over time, but it is still suitable for studying social change. The INST2 questionnaire modified by Boli, Popovic, Hosek, Momirovic, and Savic （SSMIN） was applied in this study. All the data obtained in this research were processed at the Multidisciplinary Research Center of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Pristina, through the system of data processing programs designed by D. Popovic and K Momirovic. To determine differences between the groups, a method of discriminant analysis was applied.

The Level Structures of the Kernel and Hull on Lattice—Valued Funcetions and Induced Spaces

It is studied systematically for the level strcture of the kernel and hull on continuous-lattice- calued function.In terms of these results,the level characterixations of induced space are odtained.

Clustered trajectories anonymity in wireless sensor networks

This paper proposes a clustered trajectories anonymity scheme （CTA） that enhances the kano nymity scheme to provide the intended level of source location privacy in mobile event monitoring when a global attacker is assumed. CTA applies isomorphic property of rotation to create traces of the fake sources distributions which are similar to those of the real sources. Thus anonymity of each trajectory and that of the clustered is achieved. In addition, location kdiversity is achieved by dis tributing fake sources around the base station. To reduce the time delay, tree rooted at the base sta tion is constructed to overlap part of the beacon interval of the nodes in the hierarchy. Both the ana lytical analysis and the simulation results prove that proved energy overhead and time delay. our scheme provides perfect anonymity with improved energy overhead and time delay.

The effects of miR-375 expression in NSCLC via the 14-3-3ζ/ERK/MYC pathway

Objective There are several reports that suggest a significant role played by microRNAs(miRNAs) in cell invasion, metastasis, differentiation, and apoptosis in lung cancers. miR-375 is one such miRNA that has been detected in a variety of tumors, but its specific activity in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) remains unclear. Methods In this study, we regulated the expression of miR-375, to evaluate its influence on the 14-3-3ζ/ERK/MYC pathway in NSCLC. Results The results of our experiments suggest that miR-375 and 14-3-3ζ are highly expressed in NSCLC, and the over-expression of miR-375 increases the invasive, metastatic, and proliferative ability and decreases the apoptotic ability of NSCLC cells. In addition, protein expression levels of 14-3-3ζ, p-ERK, and MYC increased following the overexpression of miR-375. Conclusion Overall, our findings indicate that miR-375 increases the malignant potential of NSCLC via the 14-3-3ζ/ERK/MYC pathway.

A Hierarchy of Compatibility and Comeasurability Levels in Quantum Logics with Unique Conditional Probabilities

In the quantum mechanical Hilbert space formalism, the probabilistic interpretation is a later ad-hoc add-on, more or less enforced by the experimental evidence, but not motivated by the mathematical model itself. A model involving a clear probabilistic interpretation from the very beginning is provided by the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. It includes the projection lattices in von Neumann algebras and here probability conditionalization becomes identical with the state transition of the Lueders-von Neumann measurement process. This motivates the definition of a hierarchy of five compatibility and comeasurability levels in the abstract setting of the quantum logics with unique conditional probabilities. Their meanings are： the absence of quantum interference or influence, the existence of a joint distribution, simultaneous measurability, and the independence of the final state after two successive measurements from the sequential order of these two measurements. A further level means that two elements of the quantum logic （events） belong to the same Boolean subalgebra. In the general case, the five compatibility and comeasurability levels appear to differ, but they all coincide in the common Hilbert space formalism of quantum mechanics, in von Neumann algebras, and in some other cases.

An Overview of General Theory of Security

Cyber security lacks comprehensive theoretical guidance. General security theory, as a set of basic security theory concepts, is intended to guide cyber security and all the other security work. The general theory of security aims to unify the main branches of cyber security and establish a unified basic theory. This paper proposal an overview on the general theory of security, which is devoted to constructing a comprehensive model of network security. The hierarchical structure of the meridian-collateral tree is described. Shannon information theory is employed to build a cyberspace security model. Some central concepts of security, i.e., the attack and defense, are discussed and several general theorems on security are presented.

The Continuum Analytical Method of Steel Frame- Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall Mixed Structure

The inter-story drift stiffness considered the semirigidity of beam and column joints connection, and P-Delta second order effect of steel frame parts in the mixed structure is presented in the paper. After considering on the influence of semirigidity between steel beams and steel columns, second order effect of beam-column members for steel frame and structural second order effect, the traditional continuum analytial method used in RC shear-frames wall structure is developed to steel frames-reinforced concrete shear wall mixed structure subject to horizontal load in this paper. A continuum approach, which is suitable for analyzing steel frames-reinforced concrete shear wall mixed structure subject to horizontal load, is presented. The method is relatively simple and more practical. It will be referred to structural design for steel frames-reinforced concrete shear wall mixed structure.

Design and Implementation of Mobile Farmland Fertilization Expert System Based on iOS

In this study, taking cultivated land fertility evaluation data for example, we conducted a preliminary study of GIS theory and spatial data management, and construct the frame system of mobile structure based on the three layer structure model of application layer, business logic layer and data layer. Then we established a spatial data storage model, which has unified the data standards and achieved the management of spatial data and attribute database. Taking ArcGIS API for iOS as GIS platform, Xcode as the tool, we have realized the functions of data integration, data query, data statistics and fertilization recommendation, and constructed the management and service platform of mobile fertilization expert system.

Coseismic slip distribution of 2009 L'Aquila earthquake derived from InSAR and GPS data

To better understand the mechanism of the Mw6.3 L＇Aquila （Central Italy） earthquake occurred in 2009, global positioning system （GPS） and interferometric synthetic aperture radar （InSAR） data were used to derive the coseismic slip distribution of the earthquake fault. Firstly, based on the homogeneous elastic half-space model, the fault geometric parameters were solved by the genetic algorithm. The best fitting model shows that the fault is a 13.7 km×14.1 km rectangular fault, in 139.3° strike direction and 50.2° southwest-dipping. Secondly, fixing the optimal fault geometric parameters, the fault plane was extended and discretized into 16× 16 patches, each with a size of 1 kmx 1 krn, and the non-uniform slip distribution of the fault was inverted by the steepest descent method with an appropriate smoothing ratio based on the layered crustal structure model. The preferred solution shows that the fault is mainly a normal fault with slight right-lateral strike slip, the maximum slip of 1.01 m is located in the depth of 8.28 km, the average rake is -100.9°, and the total geodetic moment is about 3.34× 1018 N.m （Mw 6.28）. The results are much closer than previous studies in comparison with the seismological estimation. These demonstrate that the coseismic fault slip distribution of the L＇Aauila earthauake inverted by the crustal model considering layered characters is reliable.