三峡库区高峡公路层面坡岩体开挖稳定性研究

三峡库区湖北兴山县高阳—峡口复建公路是兴山县对外交通的重要干线,修建在香溪河左岸中倾顺向斜坡地段,地形地质条件比较复杂,尤其在平邑口对岸—高阳酒厂段的顺向层面坡段,对于公路的兴建而言难度较大。在详细调查了该层面坡段地质条件的基础上,根据溃屈破坏形式和概化的板状力学模型分析了其在不同开挖宽度情况下的稳定性,得出了开挖建议宽度值。对于分析类似的顺向层面坡的稳定性问题有一定的参考意义。

兴山县高峡公路层面坡岩体开挖稳定性研究

湖北兴山县高阳～峡口复建公路是兴山县对外交通的重要干线，修建在香溪河左岸中倾顺向斜坡地段，地形地质条件比较复杂，尤其在平邑口对岸～高阳酒厂段的顺向层面坡段，对于公路的兴建而言难度较大。在详细调查了该层面坡段地质条件的基础上，根据溃曲破坏形式和概化的板状力学模型分析其在不同开挖宽度情况下的稳定性，得出开挖建议宽度值。

别墅坡屋面结构施工工艺

近年来,坡屋面以其造型新颖多,变空间灵活应用和优良的排水性等优点而广泛用于各种类型的建筑物,然而其有一定的施工难度,尤其是坡比较大的别墅工程。坡屋面施工有以下难点:模板支模困难,成模不规则;钢筋下料长度变化多,节点钢筋密集,绑扎困难,混凝土成型困难,易出现露筋、露石、孔洞、蜂窝、麻面、裂缝等质量通病。

Modeling of Hillslope Runoff and Soil Erosion at Rainfall Events Using Cellular Automata Approach

A novel quantitative cellular automata (CA) model that simulates and predicts hillslope runoff and soil erosion caused by rainfall events was developed by integrating the local interaction rules and the hillslope surface hydraulic processes. In this CA model, the hillslope surface was subdivided into a series of discrete spatial cells with the same geometric features. At each time step, water and sediment were transported between two adjacent spatial cells. The flow direction was determined by a combination of water surface slope and stochastic assignment. The amounts of interchanged water and sediment were computed using the Chezy-Manning formula and the empirical sediment transport equation. The water and sediment discharged from the open boundary cells were considered as the runoff and the sediment yields over the entire hillslope surface. Two hillslope soil erosion experiments under simulated rainfall events were carried out. Cumulative runoff and sediment yields were measured, respectively. Then, the CA model was applied to simulate the water and soil erosion for these two experiments. Analysis of simulation results indicated that the size of the spatial cell, hydraulic parameters, and the setting of time step and iteration times had a large impact on the model accuracy. The comparison of the simulated and measured data suggested that the CA model was an applicable alternate for simulating the hillslope water flow and soil erosion.

Development and Applications of Dome A-DEM in Antarctic Ice Sheet

Dome A, the highest dome of East Antarctic Ice Sheet, is being an area focused by international Antarctic community after Chinese Antarctic Expedition finally reached there in 2005, and with the ongoing International Polar Year （IPY） during August 2007. In this paper two data processing methods are used together to generate two 100-m cell size digital elevation models （DEMs） of the Dome A region （Dome A-DEM） by using Cokriging method to interpolate the ICESat GLAS data, with Ihde-DEM as a constraint. It provides fundamental data to glaciological and geophysical investigation in this area. The Dome A-DEM was applied to determining the ice-sheet surface elevations and coordinates of the south and north summits, defining boundaries of basins and ice ftowlines, deducing subglacial topography, and mapping surface slope and aspect in Dome A region. The DEM shows there are two （north and south） summits in Dome A region. The coordinate and the surface elevation of the highest point （the north summit） are 80°21＇29.86＂S, 77°21＇50.29＂E and 4092.71±1.43m, respectively. The ice thickness and sub-ice bedrock elevation at north summit are 2420m and 1672m, respectively. Dome A region contains four drainage basins that meet together near the south summit. Ice ftowlines, slope and aspect in detail are also derived using the DEM.

The Size Effects on Process Design of Micro Deep Drawing

This paper suggested to reformulate cylindrical deep drawing parameters with dimensionless form. A diagram, in which a feasible zone is drawn to bound both the maximal allowable tension and compression stress during the deep drawing process, was established. Since it is presented in a dimensionless form, it may be applied for both conventional and micro deep drawing. Cylindrical cup deep drawing was taken as an example to show the dimensionless process design method. In addition, the size effects should be taken into account. Two kinds of size effects on micro deep drawing were investigated, which can be explained by surface layer model and strain gradient model. Numerical simulations were carried out to compare the strain distribution with or without consideration of size effect.

Soil detachment and transport under the combined action of rainfall and runoff energy on shallow overland flow

Rainfall and runoff energy results in soil erosion. This paper presents new the concepts of rainfall and runoff energy and analyzes the relationship of rainfall energy and runoff energy with sediment transport based on the conversion theory of kinetic and potential energy using artificial rainfall and mechanical calculation. The results show that the ratio of sediment detachment in sloping fallow overland flow increases with the slope gradient,rainfall energy and runoff energy, while the sediment detachment ratio under raindrop impact are significantly higher than those under no raindrop impact. The sediment concentration increases with the slope gradient and rainfall energy; when the slope gradient and rainfall energy are constant, the sediment concentration decreases as the runoff energy increases. Rainfall disturbance coefficients have a logarithmic correlation with the rate of rainfall energy and runoff energy. On the same slope gradient,when the rainfall energy is constant, the disturbance coefficient decreases as the runoff energy increases,while when the runoff energy is constant, the disturbance coefficient increases as the rainfall energyincreases. Rainfall energy results in sediment detachment, and runoff energy is the transportation for erosion sediment. This showed that rainfall energy and runoff energy are important in the sediment detachment and transportation of shallow overland flow.

对结构设计中几个问题的浅见

作者对结构设计中一些规范不太明确的问题,如什么是短肢剪力墙较多、地震等级与地震烈度的关系、如何对抗震设防区预制板楼盖加强其整体性等问题,查阅和分析了现有的资料,并提出了自己的看法,可供同行参考。

Large-area Analysis of Soil Erosion and Landslides Induced by Rainfall: A Case of Unsaturated Shallow Deposits

Unsaturated shallow soil deposits may be affected by either superficial soil erosion or shallow landslides in adjacent or overlapping source areas and in different seasons when a different soil suction exists.The triggering analysis of both these processes is a relevant issue for the hazard analysis while the literature mostly provides specific approaches for erosion or for landslides.The paper proposes a largearea analysis for a case study of Southern Italy,consisting of unsaturated shallow deposits of loose pyroclastic(air-fall) volcanic soils that have been repeatedly affected by erosion and landslides in special seasons.For a past catastrophic event, the simulated source areas of shallow landslides are smaller than those observed in the field while the simulated eroded areas with thickness greater than 5cm are comparable with the in-situ evidences, if the analysis takes into account high rainfall intensity and a spatially variable soil cover use.More in general, the results of the paper are consistent with the previous literature and also provide a methodological contribution about the application of distinct tools over large area.The added value is that the paper shows how the combination of distinct large-area analyses may help with understanding the dominant slope instability mechanisms.Only once this goal is fully achieved, can specific physically-based analyses be confidently performed at detailed scales and for smaller specific areas.