对“居民迁出”式遗产保护路径的效果评价和反思——以中山市翠亨村为例

我国古村落保护存在一个不容忽视的问题,即注重村落建筑的物质实体而忽视了作为社区主体的居民及其承载的社区文化。文章以孙中山故居所在地翠亨村为例,采用深度访谈、问卷调查和二手资料收集等方法,综合了社区、居民、游客、景区管理方四个维度,系统地对我国早期的"居民迁出"式遗产保护路径的效果展开评价和反思,研究发现:"居民迁出"式遗产保护模式对遗产地部分的物质遗产的保护取得一定效果,但忽视了居民这一文化遗产保护的主体和文化载体,造成了社区居民对村落文化认同的淡漠;翠亨村旅游发展后,孙中山故居越来越成为旅游符号,由于缺乏有效的社区参与途径,大部分居民无法实际参与旅游中,进而无法有效地认识到文化遗产保护的重要性;故居管委会在旅游发展的背景下囿于资金和人力的不足,面临遗产保护和旅游管理的双重困境。社区居民在遗产保护和旅游发展中的集体"缺位"是造成翠亨村现状的关键原因。

The Empirical Analysis on the Dynamic Effect of Rural-urban Migration on the Consumption Growth of Residents in China——Based on Varying Parameter State-space Model

The research constructed varying parameter state-space model and per- formed estimation on dynamic relationship between urban-rural migration and aggre- gate consumption expenditure on basis of dual economic structure. The results showed that urban consumption growth made the most contribution to aggregate consumption growth, followed by urban-rural migration caused consumption. The role of rural consumption growth kept stable, but consumption caused by population growth was decreasing. Therefore, China consumption growth mainly relies on urban consumption expenditure and urban-rural migration.