It is an effective way in realizing urban coordinated and sustainable development to establish a series of in- dicators and to evaluate urban environmental and socioeconomic development. According to the characteristi...It is an effective way in realizing urban coordinated and sustainable development to establish a series of in- dicators and to evaluate urban environmental and socioeconomic development. According to the characteristics of Harbin City in Northeast China, an indicator system including five subsystems and 37 indicators was established for comprehensive evaluation on urban sustainable development. The development indexes of all urban subsystems and complex system were calculated quantitatively using the comprehensively integrated methods composed of Principle Component Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process and weighed index method, and then the comprehensive level of ur- ban sustainable development and the degree of urban interior coordination were analyzed. The results indicated that 1) the overall urban development presented an uptrend, however, the interior development was not well balanced from 1996 to 2006; 2) the development in each subsystem presented a strong fluctuation; and 3) the development in re- sources subsystem showed a downtrend. Based on those results, the suggestions of urban sustainable development were put forward at the end.展开更多
PU （phase unwrapping） is the key step and important problem in DEM （digital elevation model） extraction and the measurement of surface deformation of InSAR （Interferometric synthetic aperture radar）. The CKFPUA ...PU （phase unwrapping） is the key step and important problem in DEM （digital elevation model） extraction and the measurement of surface deformation of InSAR （Interferometric synthetic aperture radar）. The CKFPUA （conventional Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithm） can obtain reliable results in the flat terrain areas, but it caused error transmission not making the accurate inversion of surface deformation information in the steep terrain. Considering this situation, so it needs to introduce topographic information for guiding phase unwrapping. Here the 90 m resolution DEM data have been used and it is obtained by SRTM （shuttle radar topography mission） measured jointly by NASA （National Aeronautics and Space Administration） and NIMA （National Imaging Mapping Agency） of U.S. Department of Defense. This paper presents a SD-KFPUA （Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithm） based on SRTM DEM. With SRTM DEM directing InSAR image to implement phase unwrapping, the speed and accuracy are improved. By analyzing with the conventional Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithms, it is shown that the proposed method can achieve good results in particular to improve unwrapping accuracy in the low coherence region.展开更多
This paper is a result of a review through 25 papers on the synthesis of three-, four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings on solid support. Solid-phase organic synthesis methods that enable the rapid production of...This paper is a result of a review through 25 papers on the synthesis of three-, four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings on solid support. Solid-phase organic synthesis methods that enable the rapid production of arrays of heterocycles are of critical importance to the pharmaceutical industry. The generation of heterocyclic chemistry by solid-phase synthesis will definitely accelerate the development of pharmaceutical research.展开更多
Green design horizon, explore the hand-painted rendering performance techniques,from conception to take as, composition distribution, global and local processing, local expansion method, the performance of rendering a...Green design horizon, explore the hand-painted rendering performance techniques,from conception to take as, composition distribution, global and local processing, local expansion method, the performance of rendering and other aspects of analysis and propose countermeasures. Accumulation of professional material for designers and nutrients at the same time, raise awareness of the environment, space and natural understanding, To improve the aesthetic horizon, hand-painted rendering green design and students ability to innovate education is of great significance.展开更多
It is necessary to change the current dynamic of growth, to assure that future generations can satisfy their needs. Sustainable development and global sustainability are two concepts that have achieved great importanc...It is necessary to change the current dynamic of growth, to assure that future generations can satisfy their needs. Sustainable development and global sustainability are two concepts that have achieved great importance in almost every sector of activity. There is a wide range of methods and models for sustainability assessment. Nevertheless, it is necessary to go beyond evaluation, looking for sustainability optimization. In spite of this, little work has been done on the latter field. The authors present here a conceptual proposal for an integrated method to optimize sustainability of engineering systems, based on the MIVES （integrated value method for evaluating sustainability） method. For a better understanding of the method, its essential steps for optimizing an energy sub-system are summarized （shell-and-tube heat exchanger）.展开更多
Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization processes.The construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,part...Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization processes.The construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,particularly for the waterlogging.In this study,both the urban issues emerged at the stage of rapid urbanization in China and the demands as well as problems of Sponge City construction related with the water issues were investigated,and the opportunities and challenges for the Sponge City construction in the future were also proposed.It was found that the current stormwater management focused on the construction of gray infrastructures(e.g.,drainage network and water tank) based on the fast discharge idea,which was costly and hard to catch up with the rapid expansion of city and its impervious surface,while green infrastructures(e.g.,river,lake and wetland)were ignored.Moreover,the current construction of Sponge City was still limited to low impacted development(LID) approach which was concentrated on source control measures without consideration of the critical functions of surrounding landscapes(i.e.,mountain,river,wetland,forest,farmland and lake),while application of the integrated urban water system approach and its supported technologies including municipal engineering,urban hydrology,environmental science,social science and ecoscape were relatively weak and needed to be improved.Besides,the lack of special Sponge City plan and demonstration area was also a considerable problem.In this paper,some perspectives on Good Sponge City Construction were proposed such as the point that idea of urban plan and construction should conform to the integral and systematic view of sustainable urban development.Therefore,both the basic theoretical research and the basic infrastructure construction such as monitoring system,drainage facility and demonstration area should be strengthened,meanwhile,the reformation and innovation in the urban water management system and the education system should also be urgently performed.The study was expected to provide a deeper thinking for the current Sponge City construction in China and to give some of suggestions for the future directions to urban plan and construction,as well as urban hydrology discipline.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2005CB 724207)
文摘It is an effective way in realizing urban coordinated and sustainable development to establish a series of in- dicators and to evaluate urban environmental and socioeconomic development. According to the characteristics of Harbin City in Northeast China, an indicator system including five subsystems and 37 indicators was established for comprehensive evaluation on urban sustainable development. The development indexes of all urban subsystems and complex system were calculated quantitatively using the comprehensively integrated methods composed of Principle Component Analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process and weighed index method, and then the comprehensive level of ur- ban sustainable development and the degree of urban interior coordination were analyzed. The results indicated that 1) the overall urban development presented an uptrend, however, the interior development was not well balanced from 1996 to 2006; 2) the development in each subsystem presented a strong fluctuation; and 3) the development in re- sources subsystem showed a downtrend. Based on those results, the suggestions of urban sustainable development were put forward at the end.
基金Acknowledgments The research is supported by the National Science Foundation of China （40874001） and National 863 plans projects of China （2009AA12Z147）. The authors would like to express thanks to ESA （European Space Agency） for providing ENVISAT satellite data.
文摘PU （phase unwrapping） is the key step and important problem in DEM （digital elevation model） extraction and the measurement of surface deformation of InSAR （Interferometric synthetic aperture radar）. The CKFPUA （conventional Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithm） can obtain reliable results in the flat terrain areas, but it caused error transmission not making the accurate inversion of surface deformation information in the steep terrain. Considering this situation, so it needs to introduce topographic information for guiding phase unwrapping. Here the 90 m resolution DEM data have been used and it is obtained by SRTM （shuttle radar topography mission） measured jointly by NASA （National Aeronautics and Space Administration） and NIMA （National Imaging Mapping Agency） of U.S. Department of Defense. This paper presents a SD-KFPUA （Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithm） based on SRTM DEM. With SRTM DEM directing InSAR image to implement phase unwrapping, the speed and accuracy are improved. By analyzing with the conventional Kalman filter phase unwrapping algorithms, it is shown that the proposed method can achieve good results in particular to improve unwrapping accuracy in the low coherence region.
文摘This paper is a result of a review through 25 papers on the synthesis of three-, four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered rings on solid support. Solid-phase organic synthesis methods that enable the rapid production of arrays of heterocycles are of critical importance to the pharmaceutical industry. The generation of heterocyclic chemistry by solid-phase synthesis will definitely accelerate the development of pharmaceutical research.
文摘Green design horizon, explore the hand-painted rendering performance techniques,from conception to take as, composition distribution, global and local processing, local expansion method, the performance of rendering and other aspects of analysis and propose countermeasures. Accumulation of professional material for designers and nutrients at the same time, raise awareness of the environment, space and natural understanding, To improve the aesthetic horizon, hand-painted rendering green design and students ability to innovate education is of great significance.
文摘It is necessary to change the current dynamic of growth, to assure that future generations can satisfy their needs. Sustainable development and global sustainability are two concepts that have achieved great importance in almost every sector of activity. There is a wide range of methods and models for sustainability assessment. Nevertheless, it is necessary to go beyond evaluation, looking for sustainability optimization. In spite of this, little work has been done on the latter field. The authors present here a conceptual proposal for an integrated method to optimize sustainability of engineering systems, based on the MIVES （integrated value method for evaluating sustainability） method. For a better understanding of the method, its essential steps for optimizing an energy sub-system are summarized （shell-and-tube heat exchanger）.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41571028)Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KFZD-SW-301)
文摘Waterlogging is one of the major water issues in most cities of China and directly restricts their urbanization processes.The construction of Sponge City is an effective approach to solving the urban water issues,particularly for the waterlogging.In this study,both the urban issues emerged at the stage of rapid urbanization in China and the demands as well as problems of Sponge City construction related with the water issues were investigated,and the opportunities and challenges for the Sponge City construction in the future were also proposed.It was found that the current stormwater management focused on the construction of gray infrastructures(e.g.,drainage network and water tank) based on the fast discharge idea,which was costly and hard to catch up with the rapid expansion of city and its impervious surface,while green infrastructures(e.g.,river,lake and wetland)were ignored.Moreover,the current construction of Sponge City was still limited to low impacted development(LID) approach which was concentrated on source control measures without consideration of the critical functions of surrounding landscapes(i.e.,mountain,river,wetland,forest,farmland and lake),while application of the integrated urban water system approach and its supported technologies including municipal engineering,urban hydrology,environmental science,social science and ecoscape were relatively weak and needed to be improved.Besides,the lack of special Sponge City plan and demonstration area was also a considerable problem.In this paper,some perspectives on Good Sponge City Construction were proposed such as the point that idea of urban plan and construction should conform to the integral and systematic view of sustainable urban development.Therefore,both the basic theoretical research and the basic infrastructure construction such as monitoring system,drainage facility and demonstration area should be strengthened,meanwhile,the reformation and innovation in the urban water management system and the education system should also be urgently performed.The study was expected to provide a deeper thinking for the current Sponge City construction in China and to give some of suggestions for the future directions to urban plan and construction,as well as urban hydrology discipline.
