Objective: To study the role of 125 I and 125 I plus gemcitabine (GEM) in treatment of unresectable carcinoma of pancreas. Methods: From April 2000 to April 2003, 38 untreated patients with locally advanced pan...Objective: To study the role of 125 I and 125 I plus gemcitabine (GEM) in treatment of unresectable carcinoma of pancreas. Methods: From April 2000 to April 2003, 38 untreated patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) were collected and randomized into two groups: Arm A 125 I (18 patients) and Arm B 125 I+GEM (20 patients). Eligibility criteria were: cytologically and pathologically proven pancreatic carcinoma, Karnofsky performance status (kps) 60 80, age 18 75 years, adequate hematological, renal and liver function, and controllable pain. Arm A patients were treated with 125 I implants. Arm B patients started chemotherapy within 10 14 d post operatively following the implant procedure. Chemotherapy doses were as follows: GEM 1 000 mg/m 2 weekly × 3 followed by 1 week of rest for 3 cycles. In addition, all patients underwent laparotomy and surgical staging. The surgical procedures performed were biopsy, gastric bypass and biliary bypass. The total activity and number of seeds used were as recommended by Anderson. The mean activity, minimal peripheral dose (MPD), and volume of implants were 20 mCi, 14 000 cGy, and 53 cm 3, respectively. Results: Overall response rate (CR+PR) in Arm A was 37.6% and in Arm B it was 44.5% ( P >0.05). PR median duration in Arm A was 6.7 months and in Arm B it was 4.8 months ( P <0.05). Clinical benefit response was experienced by 11.7 % of Arm A compared with 42.1% of Arm B ( P <0.05). The incidences of hematological toxicity (such as neutropenia) between Arm A and Arm B were 5.8% and 21.1%, respectively ( P >0.05). The survival rates of 12 and 24 month were 32.5%, 16.3% for Arm A and 61%, 38.7% for Arm B ( P =0.04). The rate of complication of Arm A was lower than that of Arm B without statistical significance. Conclusion: To some extent, 125 I or 125 I plus GEM is able to lead to a moderate objective response for LAPC with obstructive jaundice on the base of biliary bypass or/and gastric bypass, but 125 I plus GEM is more effective than 125 I in improvement of the quality of life and survival rate in patients with LAPC.展开更多
The issue of carbon emissions has been on the corporate sustainability agenda for some years. For those working in agricultural supply chains, the challenges remain significant, given the diverse direct and indirect e...The issue of carbon emissions has been on the corporate sustainability agenda for some years. For those working in agricultural supply chains, the challenges remain significant, given the diverse direct and indirect emissions occurring throughout the value chain. This study determines the carbon footprint of the supply chain of Costa Rican coffee exported to Europe, using best practice methodology to calculate greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, it was found that the total carbon footprint across the entire supply chain is 4.82 kg CO2e kgx green coffee. The carbon footprint of the processes in Costa Rica to produce l km of green coffee is 1.77 kg CO2e. The processes within Europe generate 3.05 kg CO2e kg-1 green coffee. This carbon footprint is considered as ＂very high intensity＂. This paper also identifies the sources of the most intense emission and discusses mitigation possibilities on which efforts must be focused.展开更多
Applying the consistent Riccati expansion method, the extended(2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation is proved consistent Riccati solvable and the exact interaction solutions including soliton-cnoidal wave solu...Applying the consistent Riccati expansion method, the extended(2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation is proved consistent Riccati solvable and the exact interaction solutions including soliton-cnoidal wave solutions,solitoff-typed solutions are obtained. With the help of the truncated Painlev′e expansion, the corresponding nonlocal symmetry is also given, and furthermore, the nonlocal symmetry is localized by prolonging the related enlarged system.展开更多
Along with the deepening of China＇s marketization-oriented reform, the widespread corruption of government officials and whether or not the fast economic growth in the last 30 years in China is sustainable have becom...Along with the deepening of China＇s marketization-oriented reform, the widespread corruption of government officials and whether or not the fast economic growth in the last 30 years in China is sustainable have become the two serious problems disturbing the Chinese government and people of all circles in China. This paper argues that something must be done in the construction of China＇s legal system and in its constitutional reform, otherwise the problems of prevalence of corruption will eventually hold back the high economic growth of China. Starting from the discussion of the differentiation of two concepts of ＂the rule by Law＂ and ＂the rule of Law,＂ this paper suggests that laws in China should be restored to their natural role as the incarnation of justice on the basis of jurisprudence reasoning, and instrumentalism, pragmatism and utilitarianism in China＇s current legal theory inherited from the traditional Chinese culture should be discarded. Otherwise, it will be impossible to restore the sacredness and authority of Law in China, and then it will take an unconscionable time to reach the state of ＂the Rule of Law＂ with constitutional democracy in China and there will be no way to tackle the problem of institutionalized corruption in the contemporary Chinese society once and for all.展开更多
文摘Objective: To study the role of 125 I and 125 I plus gemcitabine (GEM) in treatment of unresectable carcinoma of pancreas. Methods: From April 2000 to April 2003, 38 untreated patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) were collected and randomized into two groups: Arm A 125 I (18 patients) and Arm B 125 I+GEM (20 patients). Eligibility criteria were: cytologically and pathologically proven pancreatic carcinoma, Karnofsky performance status (kps) 60 80, age 18 75 years, adequate hematological, renal and liver function, and controllable pain. Arm A patients were treated with 125 I implants. Arm B patients started chemotherapy within 10 14 d post operatively following the implant procedure. Chemotherapy doses were as follows: GEM 1 000 mg/m 2 weekly × 3 followed by 1 week of rest for 3 cycles. In addition, all patients underwent laparotomy and surgical staging. The surgical procedures performed were biopsy, gastric bypass and biliary bypass. The total activity and number of seeds used were as recommended by Anderson. The mean activity, minimal peripheral dose (MPD), and volume of implants were 20 mCi, 14 000 cGy, and 53 cm 3, respectively. Results: Overall response rate (CR+PR) in Arm A was 37.6% and in Arm B it was 44.5% ( P >0.05). PR median duration in Arm A was 6.7 months and in Arm B it was 4.8 months ( P <0.05). Clinical benefit response was experienced by 11.7 % of Arm A compared with 42.1% of Arm B ( P <0.05). The incidences of hematological toxicity (such as neutropenia) between Arm A and Arm B were 5.8% and 21.1%, respectively ( P >0.05). The survival rates of 12 and 24 month were 32.5%, 16.3% for Arm A and 61%, 38.7% for Arm B ( P =0.04). The rate of complication of Arm A was lower than that of Arm B without statistical significance. Conclusion: To some extent, 125 I or 125 I plus GEM is able to lead to a moderate objective response for LAPC with obstructive jaundice on the base of biliary bypass or/and gastric bypass, but 125 I plus GEM is more effective than 125 I in improvement of the quality of life and survival rate in patients with LAPC.
文摘The issue of carbon emissions has been on the corporate sustainability agenda for some years. For those working in agricultural supply chains, the challenges remain significant, given the diverse direct and indirect emissions occurring throughout the value chain. This study determines the carbon footprint of the supply chain of Costa Rican coffee exported to Europe, using best practice methodology to calculate greenhouse gas emissions. Overall, it was found that the total carbon footprint across the entire supply chain is 4.82 kg CO2e kgx green coffee. The carbon footprint of the processes in Costa Rica to produce l km of green coffee is 1.77 kg CO2e. The processes within Europe generate 3.05 kg CO2e kg-1 green coffee. This carbon footprint is considered as ＂very high intensity＂. This paper also identifies the sources of the most intense emission and discusses mitigation possibilities on which efforts must be focused.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11405103,11571008,51679132,11601321,and 11526137
文摘Applying the consistent Riccati expansion method, the extended(2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation is proved consistent Riccati solvable and the exact interaction solutions including soliton-cnoidal wave solutions,solitoff-typed solutions are obtained. With the help of the truncated Painlev′e expansion, the corresponding nonlocal symmetry is also given, and furthermore, the nonlocal symmetry is localized by prolonging the related enlarged system.
文摘Along with the deepening of China＇s marketization-oriented reform, the widespread corruption of government officials and whether or not the fast economic growth in the last 30 years in China is sustainable have become the two serious problems disturbing the Chinese government and people of all circles in China. This paper argues that something must be done in the construction of China＇s legal system and in its constitutional reform, otherwise the problems of prevalence of corruption will eventually hold back the high economic growth of China. Starting from the discussion of the differentiation of two concepts of ＂the rule by Law＂ and ＂the rule of Law,＂ this paper suggests that laws in China should be restored to their natural role as the incarnation of justice on the basis of jurisprudence reasoning, and instrumentalism, pragmatism and utilitarianism in China＇s current legal theory inherited from the traditional Chinese culture should be discarded. Otherwise, it will be impossible to restore the sacredness and authority of Law in China, and then it will take an unconscionable time to reach the state of ＂the Rule of Law＂ with constitutional democracy in China and there will be no way to tackle the problem of institutionalized corruption in the contemporary Chinese society once and for all.
