礼泉打出苹果“牌”——访中国苹果第一大县陕西礼泉县

金秋时节,记者走访陕西礼泉县,见片片果园里一个个火红硕大的苹果压弯了树枝,像团团红云飘浮在墨绿色的枝叶之间。 “俺务的‘礼富一号’苹果个大色艳,皮薄脆甜,已被作为昆明世界园艺博览会参展样品。园里的果子已被各地客商订购完了!”务果能手郭生乾老汉指着他的15亩果园,喜孜孜地说。

加快区域经济发展

滨州地区地处黄河三角洲腹地,其地理位置、资源潜力、开发前景,在我国经济发展中都具有重要的战略地位,已引起海内外的关注。改革开放20多年来,特别是经过近几年的开发建设,滨州地区综合经济实力大为增强,各项社会事业长足发展。进一步加快改革开放,把一个繁荣昌盛的新滨州带入21世纪。

羊毛市场建设探索八年:下一步怎么办

为了开发国毛资源,缓解毛纺原料长期依赖国外进口被动局面。纺织和农业两个部门通力合作,依靠当地政府的配合,历经8年艰难探索,先后在新疆、内蒙古等14个省(区)集资组建了47个羊毛生产基地进行试点,主要工作一是提倡科学养羊,优化品种,组织北羊南移,从根本上不断扩大养羊生产规模。

CISMA的成长轨迹

1987年9月,首届"全国缝制设备展样订货会"在南京商场举行,展览面积2000平方米,参加订货会的供需单位有400余个,展出了平缝、包缝、绷缝、锁眼、钉扣等16个系列256种不同规格型号的缝制设备,总成交金额达2 8亿元。这是我国历史上首次由缝制设备生产厂家自己组织的订货会。在此后的9年里,"全国缝制设备展样订货会"逐渐成为国内规模最大,参观人数最多、订货成交额最高的缝制设备专业展览会,得到国内同行的普遍认可,引起国际同行的热情关注。

Taxonomy in the Kunming Institute of Botany(KIB): Progress during the past decade(2008-2018) and perspectives on future development

The development of new taxonomical theories and approaches, particularly molecular phylogenetics, has led to the expansion of traditional morphology-based taxonomy into the concept of "integrative taxonomy." Taxonomic knowledge has assumed greater significance in recent years, particularly because of growing concerns over the looming biodiversity crisis. Since its establishment in 1938, the Kunming Institute of Botany(KIB), which is located in Yunnan province in Southwest China, has focused attention on the taxonomy and conservation of the flora of China. For the forthcoming 80 th anniversary of KIB, we review the achievements of researchers at KIB and their associates with respect to the taxonomy of land plants, fungi, and lichen. Major taxonomic advances are summarized for families of Calymperaceae,Cryphaeaceae, Lembophyllaceae, Neckeraceae, Polytrichaceae and Pottiaceae of mosses, Pteridaceae and Polypodiaceae of ferns, Taxaceae and Cycadaceae of gymnosperms, Asteraceae, Begoniaceae, Ericaceae,Euphorbiaceae, Gesneriaceae, Lamiaceae, Orchidaceae, Orobanchaceae, Poaceae, Theaceae and Urticaceae of angiosperms, Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Boletaceae, Cantharellaceae, Physalacriaceae Russulaceae, Suillaceae and Tuberaceae of fungi, and Ophioparmaceae and Parmeliaceae of lichens. Regarding the future development of taxonomy at KIB, we recommend that taxonomists continue to explore the biodiversity of China, integrate new theories and technologies with traditional taxonomic approaches,and engage in creative monographic work, with support from institutions, funding agencies, and the public.

Pollination ecology in China from 1977 to 2017

China is one of most biodiverse countries in the world, containing at least 10% of all angiosperm species.Therefore, we should anticipate a diverse, pollinator fauna. China also has a long history of applied ethnobiology, including a sustainable agriculture based on apiculture and plant-pollinator interactions.However, the science of pollination ecology is a far younger sub-discipline in China, compared to in the West. Chinese studies in pollination ecology began in the 1970 s. For this review, we compiled a complete reference database(>600 publications) of pollination studies in China. Using this database, we identified and analyzed gaps and limitations in research on the pollination systems of native and naturalized species. Specifically, we asked the following questions: 1) What do we know about the pollination systems of native, Chinese species? 2) How does Chinese pollination ecology compare with the development of pollination research abroad and which aspects of research should be pursued by Chinese anthecologists in the near future? 3) What research on pollination in China will advance our understanding and contribute to our ongoing analyses of endemism and conservation? Subsequently, we segregated and identified prospective lines of future research that are unique to China and can only be done in China. This requires discussing priorities within a systematic approach.

The role of botanical gardens in scientific research, conservation, and citizen science

Plant diversity is currently being lost at an unprecedented rate, resulting in an associated decrease in ecosystem services. About a third of the world＇s vascular plant species face the threat of extinction due to a variety of devastating activities, including, over-harvesting and over exploitation, destructive agricul- tural and forestry practices, urbanization, environmental pollution, land-use changes, exotic invasive species, global climate change, and more. We therefore need to increase our efforts to develop integrative conservation approaches for plant species conservation. Botanical gardens devote their resources to the study and conservation of plants, as well as making the world＇s plant species diversity known to the public. These gardens also play a central role in meeting human needs and providing well-being. In this minireview, a framework for the integrated missions of botanical gardens, including scientific research, inJex situ conservation, plant resource utilization, and citizen science are cataloged. By reviewing the history of the development of Kunming Botanical Garden, we illustrate successful species conservation approaches （among others, projects involving Camellia, Rhododendron, Magnolia, Begonia, Alliurn, Ne- penthes, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, and Plant Species with Extreme Small Populations）, as well as citizen science, and scientific research at Kunming Botanical Garden over the past 80 years. We emphasize that Kunming Botanical Garden focuses largely on the ex situ conservation of plants from Southwest China, especially those endangered, endemic, and economically important plant species native to the Yunnan Plateau and the southern Hengduan Mountains. We also discuss the future chal- lenges and responsibilities of botanical gardens in a changing world, including： the negative effects of outbreeding and/or inbreeding depression; promoting awareness, study, and conservation of plant species diversity; accelerating global access to information about plant diversity; increasing capacity building and training activities. We hope this minireview can promote understanding of the role of botanical gardens.

Positions and Widths of Anticrossings for Potassium Rydberg Stark States

The B-spline expansion technique is applied to study the anticrossings for potassium Rydberg states in a static electric field. The results of our calculation indicate that the antierossings are caused mainly by the core interaction or by the fine structure interaction. Our results for the positions and the widths of the anticrossings are in good agreement with experimental data.

Regional diversity of agricultural labor productivity and its driving force in east China

China＇s eastern area is at middle and later stage of industrialization during which the relation between urban and rural areas, industry, and agriculture appears maladjusted. The main problems are shrinkage in agricultural comparative earning and lack of driving force of agricultural development. Based on calculating agricultural labor productivity in east China from 1996 to 2005, this paper analyzes contributing degree of motive forces of agriculture develop in ten provinces and cities of east China applying GCA （Grey correlative analysis）. The results show that there is no absolute correspondence between the level of industrialization and agricultural labor productivity in China＇s eastern area. There is no synchronous development between industry and agricultural labor productiviry in some areas. Fertilizer and agricultural machinery input had high contributing degree for ten years; however; contributing degree in land and irrigation work input was low. Non-materialization inputs became the leading role in most provinces and cities＇ increase of agricultural labor productivity. Modern agricultural development need non-materialization inputs as primary motive force, at the same time, direct material input and facility input as guaranteed function. For some reasons, agricultural development is characterized by ＂more direct material input, less facility input ＂ in east China now. Optimal driving.force model of future agricultural development in east China is that non-materialization inputs are dominant, that perfected facility input arc guarantee, and that certain substance inputs are necessary

Construction and diversity analysis of a murine IgEphage surface display library

To make further investigation of the IgE antibodyrepertoire in Trichosanthin (TCS) allergic responses, amurine IgE phage surface display library was constructed(3.0×105 independent clones). We first constructed theVe cDNA library (4.6×105 independent clones) and VκcDNA library (3.0×105 independent clones). Then, theVε and Vκ gene segments were amplified from both libraries by PCR respectively, and assembled into Fab fragment by SOE PCR. The phage library containing Fabs wasthus constructed. The diversity of Vε from this library wasanalyzed and proved. Fab clones with high specificity toTCS have been screened out.

Study of Camelina Biodiversity in Southwestern of Algeria

In the framework of biodiversity＇s studies of animal＇s genetic resources in general and especially camels, the authors focused, in the case of biodiversity, on the phenotypic and genetic variability of each camel populations studied in southwestern of Algeria. The objective of the present study is to describe the conditions of dromedaries breeding, to analyze their phenotypic diversity, redefine the range flocks, highlight the perspectives of exploitation and use their products in livestock systems sustainablely. Knowing that the camel occupies a vital place in the socioeconomic development of breeders, owing to the multiple functions and services it provides. However, the pressures of diverse origins including population growth and recurrent droughts take serious threats to the development of the species. This survey was conducted during 2 years over 2500 animals owned by 60 farmers were studied. These animals were analyzed in terms of phenotypic and ethno-geographical evolution of breeding. A large number of blood samples （200） were collected, which allowed us to be the first DNA bank of camels in Algeria.

Design and Development of a Forest Nursery, for the Enhancement of Multi-Functional Agriculture and for a Didactical Purpose

The experimental idea of the present project was elaborated in order to create a structure where different categories and institutions could collaborate, with the common aim to develop a sustainable and profitable agriculture in mountain and marginal areas. The target was the recovering of an abandoned agricultural site, throughout its re-organisation, re-qualification and auto-sustainability, involving local citizens. This approach was based on three further broad functions such as environmental, economic and social purposes. This cooperation, that allows the capitalization of local knowledge and the forging of relationships between local and external sources of expertise, information and advice, is fundamental to the future of existing rural communities, in particular in mountain areas. The model proposed, with the elaboration of a management software and technical agronomic sheets, could be an incentive for the activities already present in that region and to stimulate new ones. The enhancing of the native ecological system, the biodiversity tutelage and the valorization of the knowledge of the territory is the basic requirement for the successful of any land management.

Coping with Pressures of Modernization by Traditional Farmers: a Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Yunnan, China

Traditional farming practices conform to sustainable rural livelihoods, while agricultural modernisation tends to undermine these practices through various perturbations. A case study in Tengchong County (western Yunnan, China) shows that transformation of traditional alder (Alnus nepalensis) and dry rice (upland rice) rotational farming to introduced Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations leads to localised water scarcity and soil fertility decline. While farmers are aware of ecological sustainability of traditional farming, they prefer Chinese fir forestry because it is less labour-intensive, has a high market value, and releases time for profitable off-farm work. Farmers adapt to economic liberalization by planting high value crops and trees. However, alternatives to make local agricultural production more profitable through competitive business strategies, cooperative approaches, innovations in integrating high value crops and 'downstream' processingfor sustainable rural livelihoods have been overlooked largely due to poor information availability and lack of organisational framework.

Environmental Flow Assessment of Great Ruaha River in Southwestern Part of Tanzania

Environmental Flow Assessments （EFAs） are becoming the global standard for determining the amount of water required to sustain aquatic ecosystems and sustain socio-economic development. EFAs comprise structured, science-based approaches to determine how much water must be left in the river to protect the aquatic ecosystems and achieve the desired ecological state, The building block methodology （BBM） that was used in this study is designed to identify a series of important flows （the building blocks） which will together provide the essential aspects of the natural hydrological regime that ensure the persistence of as much of the biodiversity as possible. The results show that a total inflow into eastern wetland of 5.52-6.81 m^3/s is required in order to sustain an outflow of 1-2 m^3/s past Ng＇iriama and hence meet the ＂minimum＂ recommended flow rates further downstream at BBM1 and BBM2 during the drought low flow conditions. The rationale being that a satisfactory flow during drought low flow conditions will guarantee sufficient flows during low flow periods in normal and wet years. The low flows of 2.5 m^3/s and 19 m^3/s are recommended for the driest and wettest months, respectively.

Current University Environmental Management Practices

Universities can be regarded as ＂small cities＂ because of their large size, population and the various complex activities taking place in campuses. Due to their inherent nature universities have a considerable impact on the environment. In this research a test was devised and completed for a sample of Australian universities to analyze the current environmental management practices of the universities over several key areas including： energy management, water management, waste management, transportation, biodiversity and sustainable development. It was discovered that in terms of environmental management universities are currently not performing at a level that is consistent with social and political expectations. In the assessment it was observed that universities have taken it upon themselves to improve to rectify this with many improvements to their current environmental management practices currently under development.

Climate Change Adaptation Planning for Biodiversity Conservation:A Review

Climate change has been linked to well-documented changes in physiology, phenology, species distributions, and in some cases, extinction. Projections of future change point to dramatic shifts in the states of many ecosystems. Aceommodating these shifts to effectively conserve biodiversity in the context of uncertain climate regimes represents one of the most difficult challenges faced by conservation planners. A number of adaptation strategies have been proposed for managing species and ecosystems in a changing climate. However, there has been little guidance available on integrating climate change adaptation strategies into contemporary conservation planning frameworks. The paper reviews the different approaches being used to integrate climate change adaptation into conservation planning, broadly categorizing strategies as continuing and extending on ＂best practice＂ principles and those that integrate species vulnerability assessments into conservation planning. We describe the characteristics of a good adaptation strategy emphasizing the importance of incorporating clear principles of flexibility and efficiency, accounting for uncertainty, integrating human response to climate change and understanding trade-offs.

Strategic Prospective Methodology to Explore Sustainable Futures

This paper shows prospective methodology as a tool to generate strategic knowledge for designing sustainable futures. The strategic prospective is a social science discipline dedicated to explore the future. Based on qualitative methods with participative experts and stakeholders, the strategic prospective allows designing different future scenarios and planning the transformation of a current situation into a desired future. To design sustainable futures, this paper proposes a four-stage methodology： understanding the context; strategy visualization; design of alternative scenarios and definition of desired future; and planning its construction. This methodology makes evident the possibility of seeking alternative scenarios for a sustainable future in different scopes, particularly, in two prospective applications： biodiversity conservation and water treatment. The outcomes of the application have allowed proposing strategies and policies for the management of environmental goods, such as environmental services and water reuse, with a long-time outlook based on a collective desired future.

Fhe Future of TRIPS and the Trade in Genetic Resources

Since its entry into the WTO ten years ago, China has been increasingly involved in building new rules to make multilateral trading systems more development- oriented. In the past decade, both developing and developed WTO member nations have debated whether the TRIPS agreement should expand its definition to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge. This article argues that although the genetic resources-based market is huge, developing countries have benefited little from it. Specifically, the current market mechanism and system provide little incentive to developing countries to protect biodiversity. Expanding TRIPS to cover new areas such as genetic resources and traditional knowledge can make multilateral trade fairer and more balanced and will enable developing members to better protect biodiversity.

The Role of Local Satellite Channels in Social Development of The Emirati Society A Survey Study on a Sample of UAE Audience

The paper investigates the contributions of TV Social Programs in UAE channels in promoting the social changes among youths in UAE, and to what extent it effects their attitudes towards the society and its values and traditions. The study used the expecting value model and the third person effect concept in analyzing the perceptions of the UAE＇s youths towards the practices of local channels. The sample of the study was 200 male and female from several emirates. The study concluded that 88% of the audience in UAE watch the UAE satellite channels. Dubai channel comes in the top most watched channels, followed by Sharjah Channel, then Abu Dhabi channel. Most of the audience watch these channels in their homes. 78% of the audience watch the TV social programs. The most watched program is Khatwa program in Abd Dhabi channels, followed by shabnaa program. The reasons for watching the social programs are： finding relieve from their problems （66%）, the diversity of these programs （64%）, and the popularity of social programs＇ anchors （5%）. The most discussed issues are Youths problems and unemployment （91%）, local problems （73%）, divorce issues （31%）. They said that these programs encourages for persevering the local heritage （62%）, respect the family values （51%）, and social traditions （48%）. While the most positive features of the social programs are： promote the local anchors （90%）, the most negative features are promoting the western values （94%）, and discussing some issues which are not fit with the local traditions （88%）. In general the study found that the local TV channels played an important role in social changes in UAE.

A Look into Sino-African Joint Studies on Biodiversity

With richest biodiversity in the world, Africa is the center of most conservation priorities. The difference in the composition of biodiversity is phenomenal between Africa and China, where the resources are almost complementary. This essay reviews the characteristics of African biodiversity, as well as the current status and international cooperation on biodiversity conservation. It also evaluates the significance and impendence of developing Sino-African research projects in this regard, and blueprints detailed plans for such an initiative in possible regions.