中国黑凤鸡、黑羽乌骨鸡和淘汰蛋鸡的屠宰性能和解剖学指标测定

中国黑凤鸡和黑羽乌骨鸡具有良好的肉用性能和特殊的药用价值，是我国特有的珍禽。其肉质细嫩，味道鲜美可口，富含黑色素，胆固醇含量低，游离脂肪酸含量高。经过数年的纯繁和饲养，现已适应新疆的环境和气候条件。为了开发利用这一品种资源，充实必要的理论依据，笔者对...

豁鹅、狮头鹅和莲花白鹅的屠宰性能及其肉质的研究

本试验测定有豁鹅、狮头鹅和莲花白鹅的屠宰率、产皮力,还借鉴猪肉质的分析方法,对这些鹅种的肉质进行了评定。旨在为中国鹅的育种提供参考数据。材料与方法一、试验材料选豁鹅、狮头鹅和莲花白鹅饲养于江西农大动物遗传育种室试验场,白天放牧,晚上补料,(4～13)周龄时营养标准为:代谢能2850.9千卡/公斤。

凌云乌鸡0世代和1世代肉用生产性能及肉品质的比较分析

为了解凌云乌鸡肉用性能的选育进展,选取0世代和1世代1日龄凌云乌鸡各240只,每个世代再随机分为3个重复,每个重复80只。从1日龄饲养至120日龄,饲喂相同饲粮,统计死淘率、均匀度和饲料转化率,并测定屠宰性能和肉品质。结果表明,1世代的存活率、体重均匀度、屠宰性能和肉品质均比0世代有所提高,但是差异不显著(P>0.05),饲料转化率较0世代有显著提高,差异显著(P<0.05)。表明凌云乌鸡1世代肉用生产性能的选育取得了一定进展。

Research on the Effect of Microbial Fermentation Feeds on Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality in Pig with Large-scale Feeding

In this paper, Duroc-lanndrae-Yorkshire crossbred piggy of born at 75 days of age, bouncing with health and similar body weight were randomly divided into experimental group （136 pigs） and control group （136 pigs）. Pigs in control group were fed with conventional diets, and 4% microbial fermentation feeds were added to the basal diet of experimental group to research on the effect of performance and meat quality of pig breeding. The results indicated that after feeding 106 d, compared to control group, the slaughter performance, meat quality and content of fatty acid and amino acid of experimental group were all better, its slaughter rate increased 1.53%, the carcass weight increased 2.75% and the backfat thickness decreased 0.02 cm. In addition, the pork meat in test group hadn＇t antibiotic and heavy metal residues, while it had higher color score, lower pH45min and pH24h value, better tenderness and rate of cooked meat and higher content of fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Microbial fermentation feed using in test group can significantly improved the flavor and aroma of pork, and eating this pork conducive more to human health. Thus, the application of microbial fermenta- tion feed can provide a more safe, healthy and nutritious flavor pork for human beings.

Analysis of Correlation between the Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Frizzle Chicken

[Objective]This study aimed to evaluate the meat quality of frizzle Chick-en, and to find out the correlation between the meat quality and slaughter perfor-mance. [Method] The slaughter performance such as live chicken weight, carcass weight, semi-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, chest muscle weight, leg mus-cle weight, abdominal fat weight and the meat quality indices like color, pH and shear force of 12-week-old frizzle chickens were measured to analyze the correla-tion between slaughter performance and meat quality. [Result] The carcass percent-age, semi-eviscerated percentage, eviscerated percentage, chest muscle percentage, leg muscle percentage, abdominal fat percentage, intramuscular fat width and subcu-taneous fat thickness of the male chickens were 89.76%, 81.54%, 67.53%, 7.82%, 11.29%, 2.42%, 0.69 cm and 0.48 cm, of female chickens were 89.78%, 80.87%, 62.94%, 6.19%, 9.92%, 3.91%, 0.78 cm and 0.61 cm. Some of these traits exhibit-ed significant difference between the male and female chickens （P〈0.05）. In male chickens, the chest muscle color, pH and shear force were 5.93, 6.15 and 3.72 kg, and the leg muscle color, pH and shear force were 6.18, 6.54 and 3.41 kg; in fe-male chickens, the chest muscle color, pH and shear force were 5.77, 6.05 and 3.41 kg, and the leg muscle color, pH and shear force were 6.03, 6.21 and 2.74 kg. The quality of chest and leg muscles of frizzle chickens significantly differed （P〈0.05）. Carcass weight had significant positive correlations with semi-eviscerated weight and meat color （P〈0.05）, and an extremely significant positive correlation with pH （P〈0.01）. Semi-eviscerated weight and pH value shared a significant posi-tive correlation （P〈0.05）. Eviscerated weight and leg muscle weight shared an ex-tremely significant negative correlation （P〈0.01）. Abdominal fat weight correlated sig-nificantly and negatively with shear force （P〈0.05）. Meat color and pH value had a significant positive correlation （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for the breeding of excellent chicken varieties producing high-quality meat.

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Nutritional Components of Twenty-four-month-old Tibetan Goats

[Objective] This study was conducted to understand goat germplasm char- acteristics. [Method] With some 24-month-old males and females Tibet goats as experimental materials, a slaughter experiment was carried out to determine their slaughter performance, muscle quality and muscle nutritional components. [Result] The body weights of males and females before slaughter were （20.16±1.26） and （19.33±4.86） kg, respectively; the dressing percentages of males and females were （43.86±1.74）% and （44.08±5.46）%, respectively; the meat percentages were （32.43± 1.52）% and （32.72±3.97）%, respectively; and the meat production rates of carcass were （73.28±0.09）% and （73.16±0.85）%, respectively. There were less differences in carcass measurements, carcass segmentation, muscle quality, muscle fiber charac- teristics, muscle nutritional components, muscle mineral contents and heavy metal contents between males and females, while eye muscle area and hind leg meat weight of males were significantly higher than those of females. In muscles of males and females, 18 amino acids were detected totally, EAA/TAA values were （39.23±0.24）% and （38.70±0.15）%, respectively, and EAA/NEAA values were （64.73± 0.65）% and （63.17±0.41）%, respectively. [Conclusion] This study lays a foundation for overall understanding of germplasm characteristics of Tibetan goats.

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Muscle Nutrients of Twelve-month-old Tibetan Goat

This study aimed to study the germplasm characteristics of Tibetan goat distributed in Sichuan. Three male and three female goats of twelve-month-old Ti-betan goat were selected, and they were slaughtered for analysis of slaughter per-formance, muscle quality and muscle nutrients. The results showed that the pre-slaughter body weights, dressing percentages, meat percentages and carcass meat production rates of male and female Tibetan goats were （14.33±1.53） and （12.50±2.18） kg, （42.11±5.26）% and （43.85±4.51）%, （31.34±3.36）% and （32.84±3.16）%, and （72.34±0.54）% and （72.30±0.78）%, respectively. There were smal differences in car-cass size, carcass segmentation, muscle fiber properties, muscle quality, muscle nu-tritional composition, muscle minerals contents and muscle heavy metals contents between male and female Tibetan goats. A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were detected in the muscle of male and female Tibetan goats. The EAA/TAA ratios and EAA/NEAA ratios of male and female Tibetan goats were （39.18＆#177;0.38）%and （38.70±0.72）%, and （64.31±1.03）% and （63.21±1.92）%, respectively.

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Muscle Nutrients of Twelve-month-old Danba Goat

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the resource characteristics of Danba goat. [Method] Three male and three female goats of twelve-month-old Danba goat were selected to slaughter,and their slaughter performance, muscle qulity and mus- cle nutrients were determined. [Result] The pre-slaughter weights, dressing percent- ages, meat percentages and carcass meat production rates of the male and female Danba goats were （25.83±1.04） and （18.50±2.29） kg, （45.18±0.78）% and （38.89± 2.08）%, （33.76±1.4）% and （28.59±1.99）%, and （74.30±0.85）% and （74.08±0.65）%, respectively. The carcass length, carcass hind leg circumstance, carcass hind leg length, lumbar muscle thickness, hind leg meat yield, shoulder muscle yield and breast meat yield of male goats were significantly higher than those of female goats （P〈0.05）, and no significant differenceswere found in other carcass size and carcass segmentation indices between male and female goats （P〉0.05）. There were small differences in muscle fiber properties, muscle quality, muscle nutritional composition, muscle mineral content and muscle heavy metal content between male and female goats （P〈0.05）. A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were detected in the male and female goats. The EAA/TAAs and EANNEAAs of male and female goats were （39.56±0.26）% and （39.48±0.66）%, and （65.45±0.71）% and （65.43±1.80）%, respec- tively. [Conclusion] This study will provide the basis for the understanding of the resource characteristics of Danba goat.

Expression of GHR, IGF-I, IGF-IR and IGFBP-3 Genes in Leg Muscles of Taihu Goose and Wanxi White Goose and Correlation between Their Expression and Carcass Traits

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of IGFs system on the growth of goose skeletal muscles. [Method] Quantitative fluorescence PCR technique was adopted to study the variety- and gender-specificity in the expression of GHR, IGF-I, IGF-IR and IGFBP-3 genes in leg muscles of 70-day-old Taihu goose and Wanxi white goose, and the correlation between their expression and carcass traits was also investigated. [Resull] There was no variety difference in the expression of GHR, IGF-t, IGF-IR and IGFBP-3 genes in leg muscles of Taihu goose and Wanxi white goose, but there were significant variety differences in the body weight and leg muscle weight. There were no gender difference in the body weight, leg muscle weight and the rate of leg muscles; except IGF-I mRNA level that was significantly higher in male Taihu goose than in female ones（P=0.032）, there was no gender dif- ference in the expression of other three genes. Among the four tested genes, only IGFBP-3 mRNA exhibited an extremely significantly positively correlation with the rate of leg muscles, suggesting that IGFs may play a role in regulating the growth of leg muscles via IGFBP-3 system in 70-day-old goose. [Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for research in the skeletal growth and development.