高寒地区屠宰牦牛的检疫检验方法

牦牛在我国高寒地区具有较大的饲养量，为了保障食品安全，做好其屠宰检疫十分关键。在本文中，将就高寒地区屠宰牦牛的检疫检验方法进行一定的研究。

牦牛屠宰中金黄色葡萄球菌分离菌株的流行特征

为研究牦牛屠宰过程中金黄色葡萄球菌分离菌株的流行特征,本实验选取成都市某牦牛屠宰场采集样品共计150份,采用Baird-Parker选择性培养基初步筛选出金黄色葡萄球菌疑似菌株,通过聚合酶链式反应检测携带金黄色葡萄球菌特有耐热核酸酶基因的菌株。进一步检测分离菌株21种肠毒素基因、6种毒力基因、4种耐消毒剂基因以及14种耐药基因的携带情况。并采用K-B纸片扩散法检测菌株对24种抗生素的耐药表型。结果表明,从150份牦牛屠宰场采集到的样品中,检出金黄色葡萄球菌67株,检出率为44.67%,其中牦牛胴体拭子和环境拭子采样中金黄色葡萄球菌的检出率较高,分别为56.67%和51.61%;分离菌株中共检出12种肠毒素基因,其中selx、seu和sej基因的检出率高;分离菌株检测出溶血毒素基因、杀白细胞素基因以及qacA/B、qacG、qacH等耐消毒剂基因;有11种耐药基因检测出阳性条带,其中,耐甲氧西林基因mecA检出率为62.69%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因(aac6’/aph2’)和大环内脂类耐药基因(ermA、ermB)的检出率较高。K-B纸片扩散法对67株分离菌株进行24种抗生素的药敏实验结果表明大部分受试菌株存在多重耐药性。本实验通过对牦牛屠宰过程金黄色葡萄球菌流行特征进行调查,发现牦牛屠宰环节存在携带毒力基因且多重耐药金黄色葡萄球菌的污染,有可能进入食物链对消费者健康存在潜在威胁,研究结果为评价牦牛屠宰环节金黄色葡萄球菌安全风险提供参考依据。

Study on Carcass Traits of Changtai Yak

For studying the germplasm charactedsUcs and carcass traits of Changtai yak, 8 adult yaks （5 male, 3 female） were selected and tested. The results showed that the pre-slaughter weight of the adult male and female Changtai yak was 364.32 and 266.83 kg, respectively, which presented extremely significant difference （P〈0.01）. The carcass weight, net bone weight net meat weight, and the ratio of bone to meat also showed extremely significant difference （P〈O.01）, which were 186.60 and 125.67 kg, 39.74 and 25.00 kg, 147.84 and 100.83 kg, 1：3.73 and 1： 4.03, respectively. The dressing percentage had significant difference which was 51.15% and 49.34%, respectively （P〈0.05）. The neat meat percentage and carcass meat production rate showed no significant difference which were 40.54% and 37.66%, 79.29% and 80.24%, respectively （P〉0.05）. It indicated that Changtai yak has better growth performance and meat performance potential, and worth of further studying and breeding.