屠能区位论在优势旅游资源选择中的应用——以甘南藏族自治州为例

文章依据屠能区位论,将甘肃甘南藏族自治州各县旅游资源得出4个等级,而这一结果与运用区位商分析方法测算出的结果相比较,发现费用低的第1等级旅游资源恰恰是测算出区位商最高的旅游资源,而且第2等级、第3等级的旅游资源则是相对应的区位商较高的旅游资源,而第4等级的旅游资源对应测算结果为无旅游优势。因此,屠能的区位理论可以被用来选取甘南藏族自治州优势旅游资源,且以兰州为中心形成5个圈。

Research on the Effect of Microbial Fermentation Feeds on Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality in Pig with Large-scale Feeding

In this paper, Duroc-lanndrae-Yorkshire crossbred piggy of born at 75 days of age, bouncing with health and similar body weight were randomly divided into experimental group （136 pigs） and control group （136 pigs）. Pigs in control group were fed with conventional diets, and 4% microbial fermentation feeds were added to the basal diet of experimental group to research on the effect of performance and meat quality of pig breeding. The results indicated that after feeding 106 d, compared to control group, the slaughter performance, meat quality and content of fatty acid and amino acid of experimental group were all better, its slaughter rate increased 1.53%, the carcass weight increased 2.75% and the backfat thickness decreased 0.02 cm. In addition, the pork meat in test group hadn＇t antibiotic and heavy metal residues, while it had higher color score, lower pH45min and pH24h value, better tenderness and rate of cooked meat and higher content of fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acids. Microbial fermentation feed using in test group can significantly improved the flavor and aroma of pork, and eating this pork conducive more to human health. Thus, the application of microbial fermenta- tion feed can provide a more safe, healthy and nutritious flavor pork for human beings.

浅谈城市空间结构

十九世纪初,西方国家开始了比较系统研究城市空间结构理论的学术探讨工作。德国农业经济学家屠能首先提出了农业区位论,他认为,城市应恰当地配置郊区的副、农、牧、林等产业,以期经济合理地利用土地,更好地为城市服务,形成城乡经济一体化的结构。

Analysis of Correlation between the Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Frizzle Chicken

[Objective]This study aimed to evaluate the meat quality of frizzle Chick-en, and to find out the correlation between the meat quality and slaughter perfor-mance. [Method] The slaughter performance such as live chicken weight, carcass weight, semi-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, chest muscle weight, leg mus-cle weight, abdominal fat weight and the meat quality indices like color, pH and shear force of 12-week-old frizzle chickens were measured to analyze the correla-tion between slaughter performance and meat quality. [Result] The carcass percent-age, semi-eviscerated percentage, eviscerated percentage, chest muscle percentage, leg muscle percentage, abdominal fat percentage, intramuscular fat width and subcu-taneous fat thickness of the male chickens were 89.76%, 81.54%, 67.53%, 7.82%, 11.29%, 2.42%, 0.69 cm and 0.48 cm, of female chickens were 89.78%, 80.87%, 62.94%, 6.19%, 9.92%, 3.91%, 0.78 cm and 0.61 cm. Some of these traits exhibit-ed significant difference between the male and female chickens （P〈0.05）. In male chickens, the chest muscle color, pH and shear force were 5.93, 6.15 and 3.72 kg, and the leg muscle color, pH and shear force were 6.18, 6.54 and 3.41 kg; in fe-male chickens, the chest muscle color, pH and shear force were 5.77, 6.05 and 3.41 kg, and the leg muscle color, pH and shear force were 6.03, 6.21 and 2.74 kg. The quality of chest and leg muscles of frizzle chickens significantly differed （P〈0.05）. Carcass weight had significant positive correlations with semi-eviscerated weight and meat color （P〈0.05）, and an extremely significant positive correlation with pH （P〈0.01）. Semi-eviscerated weight and pH value shared a significant posi-tive correlation （P〈0.05）. Eviscerated weight and leg muscle weight shared an ex-tremely significant negative correlation （P〈0.01）. Abdominal fat weight correlated sig-nificantly and negatively with shear force （P〈0.05）. Meat color and pH value had a significant positive correlation （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for the breeding of excellent chicken varieties producing high-quality meat.

区域经济学经典理论回顾与评述

西方的区域经济学理论可以分为五种主要的流派:德国的几何学派、社会物理学派、累积因果理论、区域的外部效应理论和土地租金及土地利用理论。本文试图回顾历史上和区域经济学有关的经济理论,从中获得有益的启示,并初步分析为什么长期以来空间这个重要的维度始终为主流经济学所忽视的原因。

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Nutritional Components of Twenty-four-month-old Tibetan Goats

[Objective] This study was conducted to understand goat germplasm char- acteristics. [Method] With some 24-month-old males and females Tibet goats as experimental materials, a slaughter experiment was carried out to determine their slaughter performance, muscle quality and muscle nutritional components. [Result] The body weights of males and females before slaughter were （20.16±1.26） and （19.33±4.86） kg, respectively; the dressing percentages of males and females were （43.86±1.74）% and （44.08±5.46）%, respectively; the meat percentages were （32.43± 1.52）% and （32.72±3.97）%, respectively; and the meat production rates of carcass were （73.28±0.09）% and （73.16±0.85）%, respectively. There were less differences in carcass measurements, carcass segmentation, muscle quality, muscle fiber charac- teristics, muscle nutritional components, muscle mineral contents and heavy metal contents between males and females, while eye muscle area and hind leg meat weight of males were significantly higher than those of females. In muscles of males and females, 18 amino acids were detected totally, EAA/TAA values were （39.23±0.24）% and （38.70±0.15）%, respectively, and EAA/NEAA values were （64.73± 0.65）% and （63.17±0.41）%, respectively. [Conclusion] This study lays a foundation for overall understanding of germplasm characteristics of Tibetan goats.

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Muscle Nutrients of Twelve-month-old Tibetan Goat

This study aimed to study the germplasm characteristics of Tibetan goat distributed in Sichuan. Three male and three female goats of twelve-month-old Ti-betan goat were selected, and they were slaughtered for analysis of slaughter per-formance, muscle quality and muscle nutrients. The results showed that the pre-slaughter body weights, dressing percentages, meat percentages and carcass meat production rates of male and female Tibetan goats were （14.33±1.53） and （12.50±2.18） kg, （42.11±5.26）% and （43.85±4.51）%, （31.34±3.36）% and （32.84±3.16）%, and （72.34±0.54）% and （72.30±0.78）%, respectively. There were smal differences in car-cass size, carcass segmentation, muscle fiber properties, muscle quality, muscle nu-tritional composition, muscle minerals contents and muscle heavy metals contents between male and female Tibetan goats. A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were detected in the muscle of male and female Tibetan goats. The EAA/TAA ratios and EAA/NEAA ratios of male and female Tibetan goats were （39.18＆#177;0.38）%and （38.70±0.72）%, and （64.31±1.03）% and （63.21±1.92）%, respectively.

Slaughter Performance, Muscle Quality and Muscle Nutrients of Twelve-month-old Danba Goat

[Objective] The aim was to discuss the resource characteristics of Danba goat. [Method] Three male and three female goats of twelve-month-old Danba goat were selected to slaughter,and their slaughter performance, muscle qulity and mus- cle nutrients were determined. [Result] The pre-slaughter weights, dressing percent- ages, meat percentages and carcass meat production rates of the male and female Danba goats were （25.83±1.04） and （18.50±2.29） kg, （45.18±0.78）% and （38.89± 2.08）%, （33.76±1.4）% and （28.59±1.99）%, and （74.30±0.85）% and （74.08±0.65）%, respectively. The carcass length, carcass hind leg circumstance, carcass hind leg length, lumbar muscle thickness, hind leg meat yield, shoulder muscle yield and breast meat yield of male goats were significantly higher than those of female goats （P〈0.05）, and no significant differenceswere found in other carcass size and carcass segmentation indices between male and female goats （P〉0.05）. There were small differences in muscle fiber properties, muscle quality, muscle nutritional composition, muscle mineral content and muscle heavy metal content between male and female goats （P〈0.05）. A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were detected in the male and female goats. The EAA/TAAs and EANNEAAs of male and female goats were （39.56±0.26）% and （39.48±0.66）%, and （65.45±0.71）% and （65.43±1.80）%, respec- tively. [Conclusion] This study will provide the basis for the understanding of the resource characteristics of Danba goat.

关于信贷资金投向序列的初步研究

一、市级捉行信贷资金的地区配置序列研究市级农行信贷资金在地区上的配置,应该以德国经济学家屠能(Johann Iteinrich Von Thiinen)在其代表作《孤立国与农业和政治经济学的关系》一书中提出的圈层结构理论(屠能圈)为基础。因为现代经济格局基本符合屠能圈的基本原理:以城市为中心,由近及远形成内外衔接的若干环行地带。城市处于第一圈层,是经济、文化、政治。

Effects of Different Bovine Sperm Capacitation Methods on Fertilization in vitro

In order to improve the in vitro fertilization rate of bovine, the effects of different sperm capacitation methods on fertilization were investigated. Total two treatments were designed： two-time centrifugation （C）, and one-time centrifugation and swim-up method （CS）. The results showed that the cleavage rate in the C treatment group was （75.6±4.5）%, which showed no difference compared with that （（76.4±1.9）%） in the CS treatment group （P〉0.05）; there was also no significant dif- ference in blastocyst rate between the two treatment groups （（35.7±4.1）% vs. （36.3± 2.7）%, P〉0.05）. However, the CS treatment significantly saved the capacitation time in vitro.

Changes in Profitability of Chicken Broiler Production in 2008-2013

The profitability of broiler chicken production depends on many interrelated factors, such as the size of the farm, farming system, the genetic potential, feed price and the quality of chicken meat obtained as a final product, e.g., meat, and a strategy of their sales on the domestic and foreign market. Economic analysis were conducted in randomly selected farms growing commercial broilers, from April 2008 to March 2013 （28 cycles all together）, at the same time in three buildings, with 46 thousands to 54 thousands one-day chickens. In the analyzed period, broilers were reared for 35-50 d. The average slaughter body mass ranged from 2.36 kg to 2.99 kg with feed conversion ratio （FCR） 1.68 kg of feed/kg of body weight gain to 1.78 kg of feed/kg of body weight gain. Stock mortality at that time ranged from 3.5% to 6.4%. On the basis of macroeconomic data, a clear relationship between the increase in the period particularly from 2004 onwards, prices of feed 33.6% and the purchase price of livestock 22.5% in the case of the evaluated farms were found. These values were 27.9% and 31.7%, respectively. From the analysis of the relationship between different types of broiler production costs, it was concluded that the main determinant of the profitability of live poultry production was the cost of feed and first of all was the prices of feed. This means that the boom in live poultry production is variable, resulting in consequences for production and income.

数词的拼写怎样才合适

词的连写与分写的确是一个复杂的问题。那些地方该连,那些地方该分,非三言两语能够讲得清楚的。一方面要使词好写好认,另一方面还要使词的面孔尽可能地不变或少变。数词的词形还算是一种比较稳的。它是由一些基本数词和一些单位数词按照一定的规律组成我们所要表示的任何一个数。我们掌握了它的规律之后,把它加以分析并用我们本民族的叫法用文字符号来表示。将来我们要采用拼音文字,当然需要用拼音文字来表示它。

微风暖斜阳(六章)

微风暖斜阳无数次希望在结束梦境的时刻启程,在风吹堤岸时,找到惬意临风的一个点。潮起潮落、阵阵松涛,关于白桦的怀想也可以温暖心怀的彼刻,心境的恬然,比一只蝴蝶美丽的翅膀更能唤醒了视听。匆匆而过,仿佛就是世界真实的声音,在它的脚步里,愿望和情绪只是一种浮沉,貌似充满激情的呐喊,也敌不过它的微微一笑,而我愿意站在这样的视觉里,感受到四面八方风火的来袭。枝节间此起彼伏的来去,