四川山区动物日本血吸虫病流行病学研究

对四川山区动物日本血吸虫病流行病学调查、分析和研究,揭示了各种动物在此病流行病学中的地位和作用。结果表明,病牛是此病流行的主要传染源,3～8岁的牛IPC较高。牛、人和狗的RTI分别是95.2％、4.6％和0.2％。牧区的马、羊、猪在血吸虫病流行病学上占有重要地位,野生动物如老鼠和非牧区的猪在此病流行病学上意义不大。以牛粪为主的野粪是此病流行的重要传播因素,动物之间以及与人之间的日本血吸虫病疫情呈显著的正相关(r>r0.01,P<0.01)。

山区动物防疫存在的问题及对策

云南省云县存在山区以散养为主、动物数量变化快、基层重视不够、群众防疫意识淡薄、对免疫预防不信任、防疫员有后顾之忧、重大疫病强制免疫应激反应强、动物死亡补偿费不能很好落实、防疫队伍素质低等系列问题。提出的应对策略包括政府唱主角,业务部门保质量;用更加深入细致的方式加大宣传力度,普及动物防疫知识;加大执法力度,努力在山区推广标准化、规范化养殖等措施,做好山区的防疫工作。

山区动物疫病防控存在的问题和对策

城固县山区人居分散,植被茂密,无工业污染,水源充足,传统养殖底蕴深厚,养殖环境条件良好;随着经济快速发展,贸易频繁,物流加剧,动物疾病日趋复杂,各种疑难杂症不断出现,疫病防控面临各种挑战,针对当前防控现状和突出问题,提出几点建议,以供参考。

山区动物防疫工作现存问题与对策解析

文章主要针对山区动物防疫工作存在的问题进行研究,并且提出相关改善措施。山区是动物养殖重要场地,动物养殖期间若是发生疫病会严重危害到动物的生命,也会影响动物养殖的发展。所以山区动物养殖需要积极做好防疫措施,尽量避免动物遭受到疫病的危害。

海口市琼山区动物检疫申报点建设重要性及存在的问题

动物检疫申报点是国家为地方养殖发展提供的服务性平台,是衔接养殖户自身业务发展与官方兽医管理工作的纽带,其工作内容是为养殖户的发展提供良好的服务,使其能与外界沟通,保障畜牧业产品自身的质量安全,增加养殖户的经济效益。由于动物检疫申报点在发展中未能得到充分的认识,造成当前资金短缺、人才短缺、基础设施老化未能及时更新的局面,进而造成申报点的工作受限较大。为有效解决当前动物检疫申报点的问题,相关人员在工作中重视基础设施的建设力度和内部管理效能,使得公车使用制度得以改革,转变当前基础设施的使用方式,完善疫病防控体系建设,进一步规范动物检疫申报点建设和管理,按照工作规范化、形象标准化、手段信息化、条件现代化、管理痕迹化“五化”要求,全面提升基层动物卫生监督和动物疫病防控能力。

Study on the Comparison of Arthropod Communities in Three Kinds of Cruciferous Vegetable Fields at High Mountainous Area

[Objective]This research aimed to compare arthropod communities in different cruciferous vegetable fields at high mountainous area and provide guidance for pest control. [Method] The main arthropod species in 3 kinds of erueiferous vegetable fields at high mountainous area were investigated, the composition of arthropod community in different vegetable fields were analyzed. [Result] The main arthropod species in erueiferous vegetables fields at high mountainous area were similar, but had different quantity compositions. The richness was the highest in radish field. [Conclusion] Crop species had great influence on biological community; we should focus on the main pests in the process of pest control.

喜马拉雅山雪豹

喜马拉雅山雪豹□吴新华在西藏喜马拉雅山区生活着一种世界上罕见的珍贵野豹，因它的活动范围在雪线上下，因而得名雪豹，又名艾叶豹、荷叶豹。雪豹系食肉目，猫科，体形似金钱豹，头小而圆，体长约１－１．３米，体重８０－１２０公斤；尾粗壮，蓬松柔软，长度大于体长２...

GIS-based Earthquake-Triggered Landslide Hazard Zoning Using Contributing Weight Model

Earthquake-triggered landslides have aroused widespread attention because of their tremendous ability to harm people's lives and properties.The best way to avoid and mitigate their damage is to develop landslide hazard maps and make them available to the public in advance of an earthquake.Future construction can then be built according to the level of hazard and existing structures can be retrofit as necessary.During recent years various approaches have been made to develop landslide hazard maps using statistical analysis or physical models.However,these methods have limitations.This study introduces a new GIS-based approach,using the contributing weight model,to evaluate the hazard of seismically-induced landslides.In this study,the city and surrounding area of Dujiangyan was selected as the research area because of its moderate-high seismic activity.The parameters incorporated into the model that related to the probability of landslide occurrence were:slope gradient,slope aspect,geomorphology,lithology,base level,surface roughness,earthquake intensity,fault proximity,drainage proximity,and road proximity.The parameters were converted into raster data format with a resolution of 25×25m2 pixels.Analysis of the GIS correlations shows that the highest earthquake-induced landslide hazard areas are mainly in the hills and in some of the moderately steep mountainous areas of central Dujiangyan.The highest hazard zone covers an area of 11.1% of the study area,and the density distribution of seismically-induced landslides was 3.025/km2 from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.The moderately hazardous areas are mainly distributed within the moderately steep mountainous regions of the northern and southeastern parts of the study area and the hills of the northeastern part;covering 32.0% of the study area and with a density distribution of 2.123/km2 resulting from the Wenchuan earthquake.The lowest hazard areas are mainly distributed in the topographically flat plain in the northeastern part and some of the relatively gently slopes in the moderately steep mountainous areas of the northern part of Dujiangyan and the surrounding area.The lowest hazard areas cover 56.9% of the study area and exhibited landslide densities of 0.941/km2 and less from the Wenchuan earthquake.The quality of the hazard map was validated using a comparison with the distribution of landslides that were cataloged as occurring from the Wenchuan earthquake.43.1% of the study area consists of high and moderate hazardous zones,and these regions include 83.5% of landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake.The successful analysis shows that the contributing weight model can be effective for earthquake-triggered landslide hazard appraisal.The model's results can provide the basis for risk management and regional planning is.

Paradigm and Ecological Implication of Changing Agricultural Land-use:A Case Study from Govind Wildlife Sanctuary,Central Himalaya,India

The paper scrutinizes that the changes in any sub-system(i.e.agriculture,livestock and forest) have direct impact on biophysical and social processes in village ecosystem of the central Himalayan region.In view of this,we studied the changes in spatial patterns of agricultural land use and dependency of agroecosystem on forest and animal husbandry over a period of two decades.Based on data analysis it was found that the cultivation of some traditional crops has either been abandoned in the area or declined by 25%-85% due to introduction of cash crops viz.,potato,kidney bean and apple farming with acreage increased up to 51%-72% in the last three decades.Livestock population of different categories has declined drastically by 17%-75%,and has resulted shortage of farmyard manure,deterioration of soil quality and fertility which leads to un-sustainability of agriculture system.The changes in agrobiodiversity have led to the dramatic increase in soil loss and runoff from the croplands together with the increase pressure on forests.The economic evaluation of each crop showed higher monetary benefit from cash crops as compared to traditional crops.Among all the evaluated crops,the monetary output/input ratio was found highest(3.04) for kidney bean and lowest(1.26) for paddy.Changes in land use and management have improved household income but at the cost of forest degradation,less productive animal husbandry and loss of agrodiversity in the region.Therefore,there is an urgent need to bring desirable changes in agricultural policy,research,land use and efficient management of the resources for maintaining sustainability in agro and Himalayan forest ecosystem.

Analysis of the Criticizes for Zootechnics Development in a Mountain Area of Italy

The paper considers the main causes of the difficulties of zootechnics in Friulian mountains （Italy）, evaluating different approaches. From the methodological point of view, there were analyzed the different aspects that causes the present crisis in this territorial contest and that, contextually, at the same time, prevent its recovery. The procedural pathway followed these steps： analysis, synthesis, comparison, deduction and induction. The results showed that there are technical, social, environmental, political and infra-structural aspects that cause this stated economical emergency for the compartment. A ＂new rural paradigm＂, in particular, the multi-functionality of the farm seems to be the road to the progress of mountain regions. Unfortunately, there are no definitive universal answers, hut individual solutions that should be investigated and calibrated for specific local resources.

New observations on Vetulicola longbaoshanensis from the Lower Cambrian Guanshan Biota(Series 2, Stage 4), South China

Cambrian vetulicolians are enigmatic metazoans which play an important role in understanding the early animal evolution. Vetulicola longbaoshanensis Yang et al., 2010 is a unique species reported from the Guanshan Biota, Cambrian Series2, Stage 4 at eastern Yunnan, South China, which expands our understanding of vetulicolians. Here, new exceptionally preserved materials of V. longbaoshanensis from the Lower Cambrian Wulongqing Formation(which yields the so-called Guanshan Biota)in both Wuding and Kunming areas are described, in which the gill structures of V. longbaoshanensis are well preserved. The gill structures of our fossils are more complicated than those in the type species: the gill sac is gourd-shaped and can be divided into a smaller anterior part and a larger posterior part, prominent gill silt and dense gill filaments present in the joint of the two parts. Comparative analyses indicate that vetulicolians from the Guanshan Biota are similar to the Vetulicola rectangulata Luo et Hu, 1999 from the Chengjiang Biota in gross morphology. However, compared with the V. rectangulata, the Guanshan forms possess a larger body size, a higher length/height ratio of anterior body, and a higher ratio of gill sac width to anterior body height, probably typifying the derive characters anticipated of vetulicolians. These new materials, therefore, shed new light on our understanding of vetulicolians morphology and the early evolution of the gill structures.