“自然-人文”融合视角下的西南山区小流域划分与整合

【目的】采用“自然-人文”融合的视角,结合人文要素界定小流域划分阈值,强化小流域划分研究的人文特征,为以小流域为基本单元的山区开展国土空间开发和社会经济建设提供区划方案支持。【方法】根据小流域自然水文过程和人文属性因素,利用流域面积法结合均值变点法及边界重叠度概念,以我国西南山区为例,对研究区内6个流域试验区进行小流域划分阈值测算,在得到最佳阈值的基础上,对西南山区以小流域为单元进行划分,并整合划分结果,分析、整合结果的数量与空间特征,提出一种山区小流域划分的融合方法。【结果】①西南山区小流域划分的最佳阈值为30.00 km^(2);②西南山区小流域数量为16075个,面积范围为25.07~431.82 km^(2);③从面积来看,小于50.00 km^(2)的小流域为8702个,占比54.13%,介于50.00~100.00 km^(2)的小流域为5358个,占比33.33%,大于100.00 km^(2)的小流域为2015个,占比12.53%,基本符合当前水利部要求。【结论】通过西南山区实测验证,本研究提出的山区小流域划分与整合方法在结果上能体现小流域的自然与人文属性特征,较好符合当前山区组织单元管理的需要,可为山区小流域区划提供方法借鉴。

Research on Water Resources Conservation of Mountain River Based on the Concept of Region Partition

Presently concepts and methods related to water resources conservation of mountain rivers are seriously insufficient,and its level is far from being adaptable to the development of a harmonious society.As mountain ecosystems play a key role in water resources conservation of mountain rivers,and the characteristics of mountain ecosystems and hydrologic features of mountain river follow strong temporal and spatial distribution,partition theory can be applied to the water resources conservation of mountain river.This theory observes the following partition principles:regional relativity,spatial continuity,integralcounty,meeting management needs,hierarchical principle,and comparability principle.And it lays equal emphasis on both water resources conservation and environmental protection,on both water quality conservation and water quantity protection,on the combination of water features,water cycle and water pollution.In the partition methods,index method and map superposition method will be applied in region partition.The example of region partition of water resources conservation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River shows that the partition theory is practicable in water resources conservation of mountain rivers,and it provides a platform for future study in water resources conservation.