小尺度山区地质灾害隐患的无人机精细化识别方法与实践

本文针对小空间尺度范围内以滑坡、崩塌为主的山区地质灾害,提出了一套基于小型无人机摄影测量的精细化隐患识别方法。首先,针对工作区开展至少两期无人机摄影测量作业,经处理后得到实景三维模型、数字正射影像(DOM)、数字表面模型(DSM)等精细化成果;其次,以两期DOM与DSM变化检测为主实现灾害体识别;然后,基于灾害体共性特征建立典型识别标志,并依此采用三维实景目视解译为主方法实现孕灾体识别;最后,通过地面核查确认或排除隐患。将该套方法应用到三峡库首秭归泄滩河左岸顺向斜坡区域,共识别出10处不同类型隐患,证明了方法的可行性。

北斗导航技术在山区地质灾害预警中的应用

本文以山区地质灾害为主要研究对象,分析了现阶段中国山区地质灾害情况,发现虽然随着中国生态环保力度不断加大,山区地质灾害发生频率所有下降,但是其危害性仍然较大,严重威胁着周围群众的生命财产安全,给社会可持续发展带来了阻碍。这就需要地质灾害监测及治理部门及时做好灾害预警工作,将地质灾害所带来的不利影响降到最低。在地质灾害预警中合理运用北斗导航技术,可以强化灾害预警精准度与及时性。故此,笔者结合北斗导航技术功能分析了其在山区地质灾害预警中的具体应用策略,并通过实际案例对北斗导航技术的应用价值加以论证,以供相关单位及人员参考借鉴。

基于无人机技术的山区地质灾害识别和评估

为实现山区地质灾害的准确识别,本文提出了基于无人机技术的地质灾害识别和评估方法。以龙琅高速公路温塘特大桥为工程实例,首先使用无人机摄影测量技术对勘察区进行反复拍摄,获得相应的三维模型数据和正射影像图,再结合现场调查,最终对勘察区的地质特点进行评估。

山区公路地质灾害的联合监测和科学防治

山区的地貌类型比较复杂,在山区进行公路建设往往要跨越不同的地貌单元,在这过程中很容易受到各种地质灾害的影响,因此在山区进行公路建设的过程中,我们一定要重视和加强对相关地质灾害的研究和防范工作,提高山区公路的建设效率,确保山区公路的营运效果。基于本文着重分析了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流三种常见而频发的山区地质灾害对公路建设的不良影响,并提出了各部门联动、基建程序各环节落实的综合联动、科学防范理念。

山地灾害山洪-滑坡(崩塌)-泥石流的成生联系

“山地灾害”是遍及全球的共同性课题，我国在该领域的研究已上了一个新台阶。本文对山地灾害的涵义及其研究范围与内容成生条件与时空分布特征、人类生产活动与山地灾害的成生联系进行了论述，提出了因地制宜的防治对策。

An Overview of the Geoenvironmental Status of the Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India

The north-south trending Kullu valley between Rohtang in the north and Hansu in the south is a wide and open valley filled with Quaternary sediments along the main eourse of the Beas River. The valley in the middle is drained by the Beas River and numerous tributaries join it laterally. The tributary ehannels have deposited large alluvial fans at their mouths whieh form three distinct levels. The Beas River has deposited alluvial terraees, whieh are very distinct towards the lower reaehes and form three to four levels. The upper slopes and high altitudinal areas are eovered with periglaeial and glaeial deposits. The terraee, fan and hill slopes have provided an ideal geoenvironment for human aetivities inehiding agrieulture, hortieulture, dense settlements and other eivil establishments. The Kulhi Valley is prone to various natural hazards, flash floods and eloudbursts that are very eommon in this valley due to its peeuliar geomorphie eonclifton, high relief of peripheral ridges and impact of monsoon winds. The studies carried out so far indicate that the losses caused by these phenomena both in terms of life and property are mainly due to unwise human interaction with the geoenvironment of the area. The paper gives an overview of the geoenvironmental status of the Kulhi Valley and suggests the necessity of undertaking further detailed studies ineluding resouree mapping for balaneed development of the area.