山区水文地质特征与滑坡灾害风险分析

山区地理环境稳定性较差,再加上人类活动对山体的破坏,山区容易出现滑坡灾害,尤其是在雨天,不仅严重破坏了山体、河流的构成,还严重威胁人类的安全。因此,应该对山区水文地质特征与滑坡灾害风险分析,以便能够采取有效的措施降低滑坡灾害的风险,减少其发生的频次,有效维护人们的人身、财产安全。文章深入分析了山区水文地质特征与滑坡灾害风险,提出了一些预防滑坡灾害的措施,为滑坡灾害的预防与应对提供参考。

山区特点的渠系建设——试谈山区渠道规划

文章阐述了山区灌溉渠系建设必须与当地自然特点相适应,必须因地制宜,搞好渠道的规划布局,慎重选择干渠纵坡、断面及糙率系数,重视渠线的地质条件和渠道的防洪、防淤、防渗等技术问题。

山区配电网经济可靠运行实用化研究

为助力河源市乡村振兴发展,以"投资少、效益好"为目的,研究山区特征的配电网实用化规划,提高河源山区的供电可靠性、电能质量及安全运行水平.通过选取具有典型山区特征的河源市黄村镇进行配电网规划分析,在考虑投资效益的前提下提出了针对性的网架优化实用方案.在高压配电网方面,通过新建35 kV变电站满足黄村镇目标网架的供电需求.在中压配电网方面,以35 kV变电站为基础的10 kV目标网架建设,可以有效提升黄村镇电网供电可靠性,并极大降低了10 kV主干线、分支线母线电压偏差率,基本达到合格的电压偏差范围.在低压电网方面,采用有载调压配电变压器和低压调压装置,经合理配置后,能够使黄村镇电压合格率达到山区先进水平.

昆仑山提孜那甫河流域2012—2016年近地表气温时空分布特征

基于典型高寒内陆河--提孜那甫河流域的6个不同海拔自设气象站的2012-2016年气温数据,分析了该地区不同海拔区域近地表气温的时间变化特征和空间变异特征。结果表明:(1)低、中、高山区均温均可被sine函数高度拟合(R^2>87%),且随海拔增高气温波动减弱,时间变化延迟,气温变幅差异减小。(2)日均温与月均温最低值出现月份不同步,且这一情况在海拔相对较高区更易出现。(3)年内尺度不同区域气温空间差异:D1区(麻扎-库地)在秋、冬季最大;D3区(库地达坂-西合休)在春、夏、秋最小;D4区(西合休/库地达坂-莫木克)在夏季最大,冬季最小;D5区(莫木克-江卡)在春季最大,相关分析结果表明:气温空间分异受海拔影响大。研究结果将对提高高寒山区气候特征认知及改善冰雪水循环模拟具有重要促进意义。

变电站"小容量"与中压开关站协调研究

为解决山区配电网规划建设存在的问题,探索适合山区配电网的规划原则,选取了具有典型山区特征的河源市浰源镇进行高中压配电网规划研究,采用110kV变电站"小容量"的过渡方案与10kV开关站建设方案相结合的形式作为建设思路.在高压配电网方面,根据对浰源镇的负荷预测,提出了"小容量"的规划建设方案;在中压配电网方面,根据对浰源镇10kV线路的压降计算,提出了在镇负荷中心建设开关站,并且通过串联或者并联无功补偿装置、加装SVR的方式提高电压质量.

Segmentation of High Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Images of Mountainous Areas Based on the Improved Mean Shift Algorithm

Using conventional Mean Shift Algorithm to segment high spatial resolution Remote sensing images of mountainous areas usually leads to an unsatisfactory result, due to its rich texture information. In this paper, we propose an improved Mean Shift Algorithm in consideration of the characteristics of these images. First, images were classified into several homogeneous color regions and texture regions by conducting variance detection on the color space. Next, each homogeneous color region was directly segmented to generate the preliminary results by applying the Mean Shift Algorithm. For each texture region, we conduct a high-dimensional feature space by extracting information such as color, texture and shape comprehensively, and work out a proper bandwidth according to the normalized distribution density. Then the bandwidth variable Mean Shift Algorithm was applied to obtain segmentation results by conducting the pattern classification in feature space. Last, the final results were obtained by merging these regions by means of the constructed cost functions and removing the oversegmented regions from the merged regions. It has been experimentally segmented on the high spatial resolution remote sensing images collected by Quickbird and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV). We put forward an approach to evaluate the segmentation results by using the segmentation matching index(SMI). This takes into consideration both the area and the spectrum. The experimental results suggest that the improved Mean Shift Algorithm outperforms the conventional one in terms of accuracy of segmentation.

Assessing Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Water Storage Changes in the Mountainous Areas of Central Asia Based on GRACE

The mountainous areas of Central Asia provide substantial water resources, and studying change in water storage and the impacts of precipitation and snow cover in the mountain ranges of Central Asia is of the greatest importance for understanding regional water shortages and the main factors. Data from the GRACE （Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment） satellites, precipitation prod- ucts and snow-covered area data were used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of water storage changes and the effects of precipitation and snow cover from April 2002 to December 2013. The results were computed for each mountain ranges, and the follow- ing conclusions were drawn. The water storage in the mountainous areas of Central Asia as a whole increases in summer and winter, whereas it decreases in autumn. The water storage is affected by precipitation to some extent and some areas exhibit hysteresis. The area of positive water storage changes moves from west to east over the course of the year. The water storage declined during the period 2002-2004. It then returned to a higher level in 2005-2006 and featured lower levels in 2007-009 Subsequently, the water storage increased gradually from 2010 to 2013. The Eastern Tianshan Mountains and Western Tianshan Mountain subzones examined in this study display similar tendencies, and the trends observed in the Karakorum Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains are also similar. However, the Eastern Tianshan Mountains and Western Tianshan Mountains were influenced by precipitation to a greater degree than the latter two ranges. The water storage in Qilian Mountains showed a pronounced increasing trend, and this range is the most strongly affected by precipitation. Based on an analysis of all investigated subzones, precipitation has the greatest influence on total water storage relative to the snow covered area in some areas of Central Asia. The results obtained from this study will be of value for scientists stud- ying the mechanisms that influence changes in water storage in Central Asia.

Cultivated Land Quality Analysis of Karst Mountain Areas Based on GIS: A Case Study of Jingxi County

Agricultural land quality assessment of karst mountain areas is an impor-tant means to protect and manage cultivated land quality of karst mountain areas. With Jingxi County as a case, the data resources included achievements of cultivat-ed land grade, achievements of second land investigation, investigation of local con-ditions and the other data resources. With the overlay tool of MapGIS, attribute data of evaluation index were obtained, which can reflect agricultural land＇ characteris-tics, and agricultural land quality scores were calculated and land quality was grad-ed using the model of comprehensive evaluation of multiple factors to make further analysis on characteristics and spatial distribution. The results showed that used agricultural land is dominated by middle and high-grade lands in Jingxi County mainly, representing 68.58% of Jingxi County’s agricultural lands. On the other hand, the quality of paddy land is general y higher than that of dry land, and quality of agricultural land showed higher in middle and eastern Jingxi, and lower in north-western region, which provides references for national land management.

怀化市酸雨污染分析

本文通过对怀化市鹤城区常规酸雨监测数据分析，针对怀化市区特有的山区地形特征，初步得出怀化市区酸雨时空分布特征、酸雨形成原 因及降水酸度、酸雨率季节性变化规律，并对此提出一些减少山区环境酸雨污染的合理化建议。

Deposition Morphology of Non-homogeneous Debris Flow and Its Energy Characteristics

Non-homogeneous two-phase debris flows are widely found in the western mountainous regions of China. To investigate the characteristics of the debris flow deposition process related to the morphology and extent of the debris fan, a series of physical experiments were carried out using an experimental flume. Some useful relationships were obtained to link the flow velocity with the geometric characteristics of deposition morphology and the corresponding area or volume. Based on these, some expressions about energy dissipation process in both the transport-deposition zone and deposition zone are presented, and improved equations describing solidliquid two-phase energy transformations in the specific deposition zone are also established. These results provide a basis for further investigating the underlying mechanisms of non-homogeneous debris flows, based upon which effective disaster control measures can be undertaken.

Geological division of gas in the Pingdingshan mine area based on its tectonic dynamics characteristics

In this paper,we used tectonic dynamics theories to study the tectonic evolution characteristics of the Pingdingshan mine area,and analyzed the impact of tectonic progressive control on gas occurrence.The study results are as follows:the Pingdingshan mine area has been mainly controlled by multiple squeezing and shearing actions of the Qinling orogenic belt since early and middle Yanshan,forming the tectonic control characteristics of master control in two directions,namely NWW trending and NNE trending;the NWW trending structure is dominated by squeezing and shearing,while the NNE trending structure is dominated by tension.Progressively controlled by the structure,the gas occurrence presents partition and zonation,i.e.compared with the western structure,the eastern NWW-NW trending structure of the mine area is more highly developed,resulting in the mine area gas occurrence distribution characteristics are distinct in the east while indistinct in the west.Based on this,the mine area can be divided into the following two geological dynamic areas:the western half of mine area,namely the Guodishan fault control area,where the NW-SE trending synchronous tension action suffered by the northeast side(footwall) is relatively strong,and compared with the southwest side(hanging wall),its coal and gas outburst seriousness is weak;and the eastern half of mine area,namely the NWW-NW thrust nappe fracture fold control area,which is a serious area of coal and gas outburst,in particular the axial area of the Likou syncline is the intersection compound and combination position of the NW and NE trending structures,a tectonic concentrated area,and the gas pressure and content here are the largest.

Petrogenesis of high-Mg# Cenozoic volcanic rocks of southern Qiangtang area, Tibetan Plateau： geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic evidence

The Nadingcuo volcanic rock suite is the most volmninous Cenozoic volcanic suite in the southern Qiangtang area of the northern Tibetan Plateau. These high-K calc-alkaline volcanic rocks were formed between 36 and 34 Ma, characterized by high Mg# values, high concentrations of TiO2 and P205, 87Sr/S6Sr ratios of 0. 704682--0. 706 112, and aNd（t） values of - 1.2 to 1.6. There is a lack of reasonable explanations for sour- cing and origin of magmas that formed the rocks with high Mg# values and TiO2 and P2O5 enrichments, which makes the previous research results still controversial. This study reviews the geochemical characteristics of Nadingcuo volcanic rocks and the data we have newly found in our fieldwork. We give some new interpretation to the magmatic evolution of the basaltic magmas in the discussed area dominated by fractional crystallization. The geochemistry of trachyandesite and trachyte units in the studied area is indicative of formation from mantle- derived magmas that mixed with crustal materials. The high values of Mg# and TiO2 and P205 enrichment in these units are evident to show the mixing between mantle-derived magmas with -30-40 wt.% rhyolitic melt or assimilation of a similar amount of felsic rocks. The geochemistry of basaltic rocks in the area also suggests that the Nadingcuo basalts may have been derived from an ocean island basalt （OIB） -type source that contained and was mixed with ancient mantle wedge derived material, indicating that a 36-34 Ma asthenospheric upwelling e- vent in the Qiangtang area may relate to the northward subduction of Indian lithospheric mantle and the south- ward subduction of Asian lithospherie mantle. This upwelling of asthenospherie material was centered in the southern Qiangtang area between 36 and 34 Ma, while the northward movement of the Indian Craton caused this upwelling mantle flow to continuously migrate northward, resulting in the current centering of this upwelling in the Hoh Xil-Kunlun region.

Long-tongued Fly for Pollinating Long Corolla-tubed Alpine Ginger

The genus Roscoea is an alpine ginger group endemic to the Himalayan regions.It exhibits the suites of floral traits that would fit pollination by long tongued insects.However,previous studies revealed that the original long-tongued insect pollinators of Roscoea have been lost from North Indochina due to recent climate change in the Chinese Himalayas.