山地煤矿开采对土壤理化性质的影响

为研究山地煤矿开采对土壤理化性质的影响,进而为干旱半干旱地区的矿山生态修复工作提供理论依据,运用土壤学基本理论和方法,测定并计算了新疆西沟煤矿废弃矿山体和周边未受扰动山体土壤的机械组成、容重、孔隙度、含水量、pH值、有机质和养分等指标。方差分析结果表明:与对照山体相比,废弃矿山体土壤粘粒含量明显减少,尤其是表层(0-10cm)土体处;废弃矿山体坡顶和坡中土壤容重和孔隙度没有明显变化,而山体底部土壤容重明显降低,孔隙度明显增大;废弃矿山体0-20cm土层土壤容重和孔隙度无明显变化,而20-30cm土层土壤容重明显降低,孔隙度明显增大;废弃矿山体表层土壤含水量明显降低;废弃矿山体土壤均发生了不同程度的碱化;土壤有机质含量均不同程度地减少;0-30cm土层土壤全氮、全磷和全钾含量无明显变化。

试析山地煤矿开采对土壤理化性质的影响

山地煤矿开采与山地土壤的理化特性具有密切的关系。目前的状况下,某些地区正在致力于频繁的采掘煤矿,因而影响到了该区域土层固有的理化特性。情况严重时,由于过度频繁进行煤炭挖掘,当地的表层土还可能迅速沙化,进而表现为水土流失的不良状况。因此可见,在开采山地煤矿的整个过程中都不能忽视土壤本身的理化特性,在明确开采影响的前提下再去选择合适的开采措施。

五峰山煤矿区复垦土地适宜性评价及复垦模式研究

矿区土地适宜性评价是进行复垦研究的基础。从五峰山煤矿山区地形的实际出发,对煤矿区复垦土地进行适宜性评价。首先,划分评价单元和确定限制因子,然后运用指数和法、极限条件法计算综合指数,得出适宜性评价结果。2种方法综合使用避免了只用一种方法的极端性,最后结合最小限制因素法找出限制因素,以分析不同评价单元适宜的土地复垦方法及类型。在此基础上,结合煤矿区自然地理条件、区位条件等实际情况,提出了2种适合五峰山煤矿区的复垦模式:果草林生态利用模式和生态旅游模式。此外,五峰山煤矿区属于山地煤矿,以其作为研究对象,以便为山地煤矿区合理利用复垦土地提供依据,同时为此类地区复垦土地的适宜性评价和模式研究提供方法和思路。

Simulation Study and Probe on UWB Wireless Communication in Underground Coal Mine

From an analysis of the status of coal mine underground wireless communication, the application of UWB wireless communication system to underground coal mine is proposed. The basic composition of an UWB communication system and application in underground coal mines are introduced. The analyses show that, because of the transmission power being non-limitted in underground coal mines, the use of UWB in coal mines cannot only realize wireless access services of short distance high rate application for transmission of video monitoring signals, but also realize wireless access services of long distance low rate applications for mobile telephones in underground coal mines and parameters of working conditions monitoring, etc. It is emphasized on the simulation of a TH-PPM UWB communication system with traditional underground broadband model and ground CM1, CM3 model. It is shown that the traditional underground broadband model and ground CM1, CM3 models are not applicable to the UWB communication system in underground coal mines. It is necessary to conduct research on the propagation characteristics of UWB in coal mine tunnels, given the characteristics of the underground environment and to find the appropriate UWB model for underground coal mines.

A remining technology of underground coal gasification at Zhongliangshan Coal Mine

The field trail used a mixture of steam and air with various levels of oxygen en- richment.Steady conditions were achieved in the field trail which produced high quality hydrogen-enriched syngas.To understand and optimize the UCG process,a simplified heat and mass transfer model was presented,providing a predictive tool for temperature and the major constituents of the syngas production.The model is compared with the field trail measurements for air and two levels of oxygen enrichment,showing reasonable agreement for the channel temperature and product syngas concentration profile.

Study on Critical,Modern Technology for Mining in Gassy Deep Mines

To achieve safe and highly efficient mining in the gassy, deep mines of the Huainan collieries simultaneous coal and gas extraction, and the corresponding ventilation methods were developed. This includes a set of mining procedures and principles which help insure safe and efficient production. Furthermore, green mining, meaning the comprehensive use of emitted gas, proper treatment of the environment and appropriate mine temperature control, is now standard. The concepts of modem mining and the principles of pressure relief are described. Coal-gas simultaneous ex- traction and multi-pressure relief techniques were developed which require a combination of surface and underground gas extraction. The application of Y-ventilation systems, of roadways retained along goafs, of stress control techniques for highly fragile mine roofs and of powerful, automatic and reliable mining equipment contributes to safe operation of modem deep mines. Operating parameters for these techniques are described and the results of their use discussed.

Quantitative prediction of mining subsidence and its impact on the environment

This study is focused on the prediction of mining subsidence and its impact on the environment in the Hongqi mining area. The study was carried out by means of a probability integral model based, in first instance based on field surveys and the analysis of data collected from this area. Isolines of mining sub- sidence were then drawn and the impact caused by mining subsidence on the environment was analyzed quantitatively by spatial analysis with Geographic Information System （GIS）. The results indicate that the subsidence area of the first working-mine can be as large as 2.54 km2, the maximum subsidence is 3440 mrn which will cause 1524 houses to be relocated. The entire subsidence area of the mine can reach 8.09 km2, with a maximum subsidence of 3590 ram. Under these circumstances the value of the loss of ecosystem services Will reach 5.371 million Yuan and the cost of relocating buildings will increase to 6.858 million Yuan.

Study on mine earthquake activity rules for Laohutai coal mine in Fushun of Liaoning

According to earthquake data of Fushun earthquake administration,the seismic analysis and statistical methods are utilized in order to analyze earthquake frequency,"b"-value timing and energy creep trends in Laohutai coal mine. By using least squares linear regression method,the relational expression between frequency and magnitude of mine earthquake in Laohutai coal mine is given. And the possible largest magnitude mine earthquake inferred has also been calculated. And this paper also provides a theoretical basis for further study of mine earthquake activity.

DEEP COLLIERY PRESSURE BUMPS AND ITS PREVENTIONS UNDER THE ACTION OF ABUTMENT PRESSURE

Based on field measurement, the relations was introduced between mining bepth and the peak value places of abutment pressures in long wall face of the deep colliery with caving method to handle goaf, and the reasons aod kinds of pressure bumps are analysed under the action of tbe moving and constant abutment pressures formed by the method of long wall caving or room and pillar mining, and the relative precautions were put foward to prevent the pressure bumps in deep mining.

Spatial-temporal variance of reclamation soil physical and chemical character in opencast mine region

In order to study the effects of soil compaction, and soil physical and chemicalcharacteristics after land reclamation, selected lands that were reclaimed after 1, 2, 3, 4,and 5 a, respectively, in the Majiata Mine of the Shendong Open Pit; tested the effects ofsoil compaction; and collected soil samples from 5 different depths, which are 0-7.62,7.62-15.24, 15.24-22.86, 22.86-30.48, and 30.48-38.10 cm, respectively. The resultsshow that: Land reclamation leads to soil compaction. The lowest effect of soil compaction is in the top layer and the highest one at the depth of 20-30 cm; The bulk density of reclaimed soil is higher than that of undisturbed soil; this declines with the reclamation and nearly reaches the level of undisturbed soil after 5-year reclamation;The content of reclaimed soil nutrients is lower than that of undisturbed soil. The lowest one is inthe soil dumping site, which reaches the level of undisturbed soil after 5-year reclamation;The pH value of reclaimed soil is lower than that of undisturbed soil. The highest one isin the soil dumping site; this declines with the reclamation.

Ecological Restoration of Abandoned Mine Land in China

Mining activities produced a lot of abandoned mine land. This paper introduced the theoretical and technical progress of ecological restoration of surface coal mines, mining subsidence land and coal waste piles in China and discussed some key problems for research in the future. Ecological restoration of abandoned mine land was related to many disciplines, and multi-disciplinary theories might make great contributes to it. Some practical techniques of ecological restoration of abandoned mine land and their demonstration bases in China were introduced. Ecosystem succession process and mechanism, structure optimization of land use and new technologies of ecological restoration of abandoned mine land should be focused on in research activities.