陕北山旱地区马铃薯黄萎病防治的拌种药剂筛选

为了选出陕北山旱地区有效防治马铃薯黄萎病拌种药剂在生产中应用,采取单因素随机区组试验,研究了甲霜双霉威、杜邦克露、甲霜.锰锌、多菌灵、农用链霉素等5种药剂进行马铃薯种子处理对马铃薯黄萎病防治效果试验。结果表明:多菌灵+农用链霉素进行马铃薯拌种对黄萎病的防治优于其他常规药剂,校正缺苗率0.4%、发病率2.19%、病情指数0.79,增产率达56.69%,防治黄萎病效果最好。其次杜邦克露+农用链霉对马铃薯种子拌种、甲霜.锰锌+农用链霉素对马铃薯种子拌种分别为校正缺苗率5.7%、2.4%、发病率4.6%、3.9%、病情指数1.8、1.51、增产率达47.24%、35.7%,防治黄萎病效果较好,增产效果明显。甲霜双霉威+农用链霉对马铃薯种子拌种没有明显增产作用,同时造成缺苗严重。

集雨节灌是山旱地区农业生产的重要措施

集雨节灌是山旱地区农业生产的重要措施杨胜冯斌（秦安县水利局秦安７４１６００）（秦安县农技中心秦安７４１６００）中图资料分类号Ｓ２７５．３山旱地区是甘肃省小麦、玉米、马铃薯等粮食作物的主要产区之一，而水分资源亏缺却是山旱地农业持续发展的主要限制因子，致...

黄土高原山旱地区撂荒地整治工作面临的新问题及发展策略研究

耕地是农业发展之基、农民安身之本。党中央、国务院高度重视耕地保护问题,提出要扎紧耕地保护的“篱笆”,守住18亿亩耕地红线。近年来,甘肃省委、省政府高度重视耕地保护工作,不断强化耕地保护,加快推进高标准农田建设,但部分黄土高原山旱地区,受农业比较效益偏低、耕种条件差、农民外出务工等因素影响,撂荒地整治工作压力越来越大、任务越来越艰巨。本文通过查阅文献和实地走访调研等方式,分析了黄土高原山旱地区撂荒地整治工作面临的新问题,建议进一步加强撂荒地整治顶层设计,加快高标准农田建设步伐,促进农业专业化、现代化发展,探索加快甘肃撂荒地整治工作的路径和措施。

Acid mine drainage and heavy metal contamination in groundwater of metal sulfide mine at arid territory (BS mine,Western Australia)

The issues of acid mine drainage （AMD） and heavy metals contamination in the metal sulfide mine in the add district were explored, through studying the acidification and the heavy metals distribution and evolution of groundwater in the black swan （BS） nickel sulfide mine （Western Australia）. The groundwater samples were collected from the drilling holes situated in the vicinity of tailings storage facility （TSF） and in the background of the mine （away from TSF）, respectively, and the pH and electric conductivity （Ec） were measured in site and the metal contents were analysed by ICP-MS and ICP-AES, quarterly in one hydrological year. The results disclose that the TSF groundwater is remarkably acidified （.pHmean=5, pHmin=3）, and the average contents of heavy metals （Co, Cu, Zn, Cd） and Al, Mn are of 1-2 orders of magnitude higher in TSF groundwater than in background groundwater. It may be due to the percolation of tailings waste water from miU process, which leads the tailings to oxidize and the deep groundwater to acidify and contaminate with heavy metals. Besides, the heavy metals concentration in groundwater may be controlled by pH mainly.

Recent Climate Trends on the Northern Slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

In arid regions, mountains fulfill important ecological and economic functions for the surrounding lowlands. In the scenario of global warming, mountain ecosystems change rapidly, especially in the arid region of northwestern China. This paper provides an assessment of the changes in temperature and precipitation in the historical records of climate on the northern slopes of the eastern Tianshan Mountains. A Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend and Sen＇s tests are employed to analyze the interannual changes and innerannual variability in temperature and precipitatiofi in the regions of low to high altitude. The present study finds that the largest increases in annual temperature are observed at stations in the low altitude regions. The significant increasing trends in temperature tend to occur mainly in late winter and early spring at stations from middle to high altitude, but in summer and autumn at stations of low altitudes. The increasing trends in annual precipitation are found from the middle to high altitude areas, but decreasing trends are found in the low altitude areas. The significant increasing trends in precipitation occur mostly in winter and earlier spring at stations from the middle to high altitudes, while the increasing and decreasing trend coexists at stations of low altitude with most of the significant trend changes occurring in March, June and August.

Spatial and temporal variation of drought index in a typical steep alpine terrain in Hengduan Mountains

This study describes the spatial and temporal variation of a drought index and makes inferences regarding the environmental factors that influence this variability in the Hengduan Mountains. A drought index is typically used to determine the moisture conditions and the magnitude of water deficiency in a given area. Based on data from 26 meteorological stations over the period 1960-2012, the spatial and temporal variations of the drought index were analyzed using a thin plate smoothing splines method that considered elevation as a covariate. The drought index was estimated based on the potential evapotranspiration(E0) as defined by the Penman Monteith model modified by FAO(1998). The results of the reported analysis showed that the drought index in the Hengduan Mountains has been decreasing since 1960 at a rate of-0.008/a. This represented a progressive shift from the "sub-humid" class, which typified the wider area in the Hengduan Mountains, toward the "humid" class, which appeared in the Hengduan Mountains areas. The drought index was relatively high in the north and low in the south and the variation of the drought index varied with seasons. The drought index showed increasing trends in summer and autumn and it is greater in autumn than in summer, while it showed a decreasing trend in spring and winter. Drought index is inversely proportional to the soil relative humidity and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).

Dynamics of Communal Land Degradation and Its Implications in the Arid Mountains of Pakistan:A Study of District Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkuwa

Similar to other areas of Pakistan, land resources in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa(KP) is kept under various ownership regimes for socio-economic and ecological benefits. For the last three to four decades, communal lands and resources are subjected to high rate of degradation and deterioration, which is leading to multifarious socio-economical and ecological implications. This paper intends to look into factors that are responsible for the degradation of communal land and the adaptability of the management mechanisms developed by the local inhabitants to conserve these resources. Moreover, this study also explores the sustainability of these adopted strategies in present circumstances. Data regarding socio-economic parameters of the inhabitants and their interactions with communal lands were collected through questionnaire cum interview method. As long-term climatic data for the area do not exist therefore focus group discussions were conducted to document the changing trend in rainfall regimes and temperature variations for the last about four decades. Results indicate that communal lands are highly vulnerable to degradation due to biophysical and anthropogenic factors. Local inhabitants have developed suitable measures to control the situation, however, accelerated socioeconomic transformations in the area have weakened the role of local institutions and that led to further degradation of these resources. Nevertheless, a number of locally formulated rules have been revived and implemented and it is hoped that these threatened resources would be conserved.