基于MultiGen-Creator的虚拟铀矿山模型建立的相关问题探讨

随着计算机技术的发展,传统的铀矿山管理模式正在逐步改变。文中探讨了利用虚拟现实技术实现铀矿山管理的可行性,并且结合虚拟现实建模软件Multi Gen-Creator对铀矿山模型建立中的相关问题进行分析。论述了模型建立中的细节和过程,总结了建模技术的流程,最后以某铀矿山为例,建立了铀矿山模型,并分析了建模中的技术细节,探讨了建模中的问题。

锦州南油田进潜山模型认识和实践

渤海湾盆地锦州南油田发育太古界潜山油藏，潜山顶部裂缝发育，准确高效地识别潜山界面是实现油藏开发目的、降低工程作业风险和成本的关键因素。常规潜山界面识别方法是根据工程参数异常变化进行地质循环，落实井底岩性，以确定是否进潜山，但工程参数存在多解性，往往要多次循环才能准确识别潜山界面，导致作业周期长、风险大和成本高等问题。在前人研究的基础上，通过对锦州南油田太古界潜山整体研究分析，总结出了4类进潜山模型，并从构造、岩性、工程参数、测井4个方面分析了其特征，先钻前分析作业井位的构造特征，初步判断进潜山模型类型，再根据该进潜山模型下的工程参数特征进行地质循环，最终以典型岩性确定是否进潜山。基于4类进潜山模型识别潜山界面的思路在锦州南区块得到成功应用，卡山成功率达100％，循环次数由平均5次降低到2次，具有较好的推广应用前景。

燕辽地区燕山期火成岩与造山模型

通过与安第斯、青藏北缘、大陆裂谷带火成岩的比较，阐述了燕辽地区燕山期火成岩具活动大陆边缘靠内陆一侧的构造属性。提出了三种可能的母岩浆（玄武质、粗面质与花岗质）以及它们的混合作用是制约以壳幔混合型为主、组成谱系宽的火成岩的主要机制。基于实验岩石学成果，论述了无负Ｅｕ异常的中酸性火成岩类（正长岩、二长岩、石英闪长岩类）形成于加厚陆壳底部（或山根带）。主要基于岩石学成果，讨论了燕山期本区陆壳厚约６０～７０ｋｍ，岩石圈厚约１００～１５０ｋｍ。通过与印支期岩石圈（厚约１５０～２００ｋｍ）的对比，提出了造山岩石圈的拆沉－去根作用，使岩石圈减薄了约５０ｋｍ。由此，提出了一个大洋俯冲与岩石圈拆沉相结合的造山模型，称为华北式（或燕辽式）造山带模型。这一模型不但可以满意地解释为什么弧火成岩属性的岩浆活动可深入远离海沟达一千多公里的内陆地区以及挤压与拉伸交替的反转构造的发育，而且还可以比较满意地解释为什么火成岩组成极性极不明显，伴随岩浆活动的陆壳不断抬升等，并指出燕山期地幔岩石圈减薄，山根仍存在，所以造山后Ａ型花岗岩（指碱性正长岩类）仍保持无负Ｅｕ异常，而本区新生代处于大陆裂谷发育环境，地幔岩石圈与陆壳均减薄。

基于“两山”发展模型的黄河流域经营性水利风景区生态产品价值实现路径探索

探索生态产品价值实现路径是推进生态文明建设理念的关键环节。针对当前水利风景区大多缺乏系统规划和开发导致资源闲置浪费问题,基于“两山”关系状态模型,将黄河流域27个经营性水利风景区划分为共生增长型、绿色发展型、拮抗发展型和金色发展型,并分析了处于不同自然环境条件与经济发展水平下的水利风景区生态产品价值的实现模式。研究结果表明:黄河流域经营性水利风景区资源禀赋和发展水平参差不齐,位于流域中下游的水利风景区生态与经济协同发展状况较好,资源禀赋优异但未得到充分开发的水利风景区数量最多。对此,针对不同类型水利风景区生态产品价值实现最大化,提出生态修复、生态产业链联合延长、健全生态补偿机制、促进当地产业绿色转型、加强文旅融合、推进生态产业化等路径建议。

基于“两山”发展模型的生态产品价值实现路径——以内蒙古为例

探索生态产品价值实现路径是生态文明理念落地的关键。基于“两山”发展模型,以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市、阿拉善盟与呼伦贝尔市为研究区,分别代表金色污染区、拮抗发展区和绿色贫困区,研究不同生态环境与经济水平下的生态产品价值实现路径。金色污染区应通过生态修复、传统产业转型与生态产业化发展实现生态产品价值;拮抗发展区应依靠生态补偿或绿色金融途径为生态保护提供资金,或是发展集约化的生态产业实现生态产品价值;绿色贫困区应在严守生态底线的前提下以发展为主,通过生态产业化与资源产权及权益交易实现生态产品价值。将生态产品价值实现路径的选择与地域特点相结合,对于内蒙古及其他省份因地制宜推动生态产品价值转化具有一定的参考价值。

海南岛后地台造山-造盆模型:火成岩地球化学制约

海南岛自海西运动晚幕之后进入后地台活化或地洼阶段，并经历了晚海西-印支期挤压（碰撞）造山、地壳隆起和燕山期以来的块断型造山-造盆作用的过程。火成岩研究资料表明，海南岛地区在晚海西-印支运动期间曾形成一个具有加厚陆壳的后地台造山带；燕山晚期开始出现的裂陷作用是在仍有山根（约60km厚的陆壳）存在的条件下造山带拉伸塌陷阶段的产物；岩石圈底层剥离与地壳山根的去除并最终导致了海南及其邻区从大陆型壳体向陆缘扩张带型壳体的转化。

基于混合交叉赋权的露天矿山安全风险评价模型

由于露天矿山安全风险评价的过程中未充分考虑各指标的内部差异,导致评价结果存在局限性,影响了矿山安全风险管理效果,为此构建基于混合交叉赋权的露天矿山安全风险评价模型。通过建立安全风险评价指标选取原则,得到准则层各评价单元;选取露天矿山安全风险评价指标,分析影响露天矿山安全风险的主要因素;基于混合交叉赋权确定各指标权重,量化处理各指标;构建评价指标判断矩阵,设定标度法判断标准,完成本文模型设计。经评价结果与讨论,划分安全风险等级,计算安全风险综合得分,其中管理安全风险和供电系统安全风险的评价得分在90以上,属于安全等级,其他评价单元为较安全等级,汇总安全风险评价各等级所占比例,其中安全等级占比为29.86%,较安全等级占比为65.98%,一般安全等级占比为4.16%,证明该矿山的安全状况较好,本文模型能够客观反映露天矿山安全风险等级,满足设计要求。

个体宗教心理发展的ψ（普西）模型及其应用——兼论埃里克森的自我同一性理论

本文根据埃里克森的生命周期理论，在安娜·弗洛伊德的自我防御机制、哈特曼的自我适应性和皮亚杰平衡概念的基础上，构建了自我同一性理论的山模型，并据此模型分析了个体生命周期中“自我与本我、超我”和“自我与环境”两组关系内，个体生命阶段与宗教之间呈现的关系。在儿童期，自我逐渐从本我中剥离，并强化了超我的形成。儿童的自我概念逐渐形成，儿童宗教意识的“泛灵论、目的论、拟人论”由强渐弱。青春期中，自我与环境的危机呈现，自我同一性成为最大需求。中年期，自我成熟并形成稳定的人格，对道德的渴望加剧。老年期内在心理系统的不平衡成为主要方面，老年人希望通过宗教实现自我超越。本文还对个体生命周期中人类宗教心理呈现的不同特征进行理论总结，期望对起步中的宗教心理学学科建设有所裨益。

造山带非史密斯地层

造山带一般都经历了多期板块裂解与拼合的复杂演化过程。造山带地层体在造山带洋盆会聚、俯冲消亡和陆内造山阶段,发生过强烈的构造搬运和构造混杂。俯冲带在消减板块下潜过程中,盆地中先前在重力机制下形成的原始浊积岩和远洋沉积(基质)、同沉积滑塌岩块,与先前在热力机制下形成的蛇绿岩和火山弧,与早先裂解的陆壳碎片等最终一并带入俯冲带内遭受剪切,发生构造混杂,由这种混杂作用形成的地层体通常由经强烈构造剪切作用的基质(浊积岩和远洋沉积)和混入的多种外来岩片(块)构成,是造山带非史密斯地层研究的主体。对造山带非史密斯地层,要针对基质和外来岩片(块)分别进行划分、对比研究。特别对基质中的外来岩片(块),要进行物态、时态,相态、位态、变形和变质历程的精细解剖与研究。通过造山带非史密斯地层研究,建立造山带地层系统理论模型,恢复造山带形成和演化历程。

当前造山带研究的一些进展与启示

八十年代以来．造山带研究领域内不断发现新的构造类型，造山带的成因机制复杂多样．很难用一种模式、一种机制予以阐明。造山带的深部结构在时间上、空间上具有动态性质，随着造山过程的进行而不断演化．当前正处于新一代地质理论诞生的前夜．我国地质工作者应立足于中国独特的地质构造，从系统的角度、演化的角度，以多学科联合的方式，探索并创立具有中国特色的地质理论．

逆时偏移成像误差与速度模型误差关系研究

逆时偏移成像技术是经过实例验证的、精度最高的叠前深度偏移方法,而速度模型是制约逆时偏移成像精度和可靠性的关键因素之一。本文通过建立典型潜山模型并进行正演模拟及成像分析,综合分析成像误差的影响因素,摸清成像误差产生的规律,重点研究成像误差与速度模型的关系,为实际资料的误差校正提供参考和指导。

Evaluation of volcanic reservoirs with the "QAPM mineral model" using a genetic algorithm

Gas-bearing volcanic reservoirs have been found in the deep Songliao Basin, China. Choosing proper interpretation parameters for log evaluation is difficult due to complicated mineral compositions and variable mineral contents. Based on the QAPF classification scheme given by IUGS, we propose a method to determine the mineral contents of volcanic rocks using log data and a genetic algorithm. According to the QAPF scheme, minerals in volcanic rocks are divided into five groups： Q（quartz）, A （Alkaline feldspar）, P （plagioclase）, M （mafic） and F （feldspathoid）. We propose a model called QAPM including porosity for the volumetric analysis of reservoirs. The log response equations for density, apparent neutron porosity, transit time, gamma ray and volume photoelectrical cross section index were first established with the mineral parameters obtained from the Schlumberger handbook of log mineral parameters. Then the volumes of the four minerals in the matrix were calculated using the genetic algorithm （GA）. The calculated porosity, based on the interpretation parameters, can be compared with core porosity, and the rock names given in the paper based on QAPF classification according to the four mineral contents are compatible with those from the chemical analysis of the core samples.

高精度高分辨率格式模拟离心叶轮内湍流流场

应用LU-SGS-GE隐式格式和改良型高阶MUSCLTVD格式,通过求解全三维可压缩Reynolds平均的Navier-Stokes方程和低Reynolds数q-ω双方程湍流模型,对后弯角30°的Krain离心叶轮在设计工况下通道内复杂的三维流动进行了计算。计算结果与实验数据符合良好,说明该方法适用于大逆压梯度流动的数值模拟,可以用来深入研究离心压气机内各种复杂的三维流动现象。

Development and Application of the GIS-Based Water Mass Analysis Integrated System

The research on water masses is always one important facet of Oceanography. I adopt the method of Fuzzy Density Clustering to analyse water masses. Meanwhile, I use Visual Basic 6.0 as developing platform and utilize the MapX components to develop the platform of GIS. By integrating the Water Masses Model compiled by FORTRAN language, and GIS using Tight Coupling, I develop an Integrated System. That makes all phases are finished in one condition, including the gain of computing grid, the pick-up and analysis of data, the choice of parameters and resetting, the computing of model, and the result＇s visualization. It improves the efficiency of the data analysis and decision-making Finally, this system is applied in the Zhoushan fishing ground and adjacent region. The results are satisfying.

英国为五岁小学生开设科学课

在克劳利北门中学的科学实验室内,当鲍厄里点燃一勺重络酸钾和硫磺混合物时,火光和硫磺的气味充满了整个实验室。他的身旁围着四个睁大着眼睛的九岁的小学生,火花的簇射并没有使学生们惊骇。但这种硫化氢的臭蛋味非常浓,致使以后的火山模型中不再加有硫化氢成份,因为它的气味使下堂课无法继续下去。

Study on Soil Erosion Model Under Different Slopes in Southwest Karst Mountain Area

The aim was to further research soil erosion characteristics and accurately predict soil erosion amount in karst areas. Based on field surveys and research achievements available, yellow soils, which are widely distributed, were chosen as test soil samples and slope, rain intensity, vegetation coverage and bare-rock ratio were taken as soil erosion factors. Artificial rain simulation instruments （needle-type） were made use of to simulate correlation of rain intensity, vegetation coverage, and bare-rock ratio with soil erosion quantity. Furthermore, multiple-factor linear regression analysis, stepwise regression analysis and multiple-factor non-linear regression analy- sis were made to establish a multiple-factor formula of soil erosion modulus with dif- ferent slopes and select regression models with high correlation coefficients. The re- sults show that a non-linear regression model reached extremely significant level or significant level （0.692〈FF〈0.988） and linear regression model achieved significant lev- el （0.523〈FF〈0.634）. The effects of erosion modulus changed from decreasing to in- creasing and the erosion factors from high to low were rain intensity, vegetation cov- erage and bare-rock ratio when slope gradient was at 6~, 16~, 26~ and 36~. The mod- el is of high accuracy for predicting gentle slope and abtupt slope, which reveals correlation of erosion modulus with erosion factors in karst areas.

Rapid Susceptibility Mapping of Co-seismic Landslides Triggered by the 2013 Lushan Earthquake Using the Regression Model Developed for the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

The primary objective of landslide susceptibility mapping is the prediction of potential landslides in landslide-prone areas. The predictive power of a landslide susceptibility mapping model could be tested in an adjacent area of similar geo- environmental conditions to find out the reliability. Both the 2oo8 Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2o13 Lushan Earthquake occurred in the Longmen Mountain seismic zone, with similar topographical and geological conditions. The two earthquakes are both featured by thrust fault and similar seismic mechanism This paper adopted the susceptibility mapping model of co-seismic landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake to predict the spatial distribution of landslides induced by Lushan earthquake. Six influencing parameters were taken into consideration： distance from the seismic fault, slope gradient, lithology, distance from drainage, elevation and Peak Ground Acceleration （PGA）. The preliminary results suggested that the zones with high susceptibility of co- seismic landslides were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Lushan, Baoxing and Tianquan counties. The co-seismic landslide susceptibility map was completed in two days after the quake and sent to the field investigators to provide guidance for rescue and relief work. The predictive power of the susceptibility map was validated by ROC curve analysis method using 2o37 co-seismic landslides in the epicenter area. The AUC value of o.71o indicated that the susceptibility model derived from Wenchuan Earthquake landslides showed good accuracy inpredicting the landslides triggered by Lushan earthquake.

Predicting the Rainfall-Triggered Landslides in a Forested Mountain Region Using TRIGRS Model

Landslides are natural disasters which can pose a serious threat to human and property in many areas around the world. The Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability (TRIGRS) model was used to investigate the rainfall-induced shallow landslides in a forested mountain region, Korea. Various input data for TRIGRS model include time-varying rainfall, topographic characteristics, soil depth, material strength, and hydraulic properties. A series of calculations were conducted in determining the slope stability over the Jangheung region in Korea during the storm occurred on August 6, 1998. The results show that TRIGRS model captured about 64.1% of landslides that were extracted from the IKONOS2 imageries. The model demonstrated how the factor of safety changed with time during a storm considering both the transient and spatial responses of pore water pressure in its slope stability calculation.

Coupled 2D Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Modeling of Megaflood due to Glacier Dam-break in Altai Mountains,Southern Siberia

One of the largest known megafloods on earth resulted from a glacier dam-break,which occurred during the Late Quaternary in the Altai Mountains in Southern Siberia.Computational modeling is one of the viable approaches to enhancing the understanding of the flood events.The computational domain of this flood is over 9460 km2 and about 3.784 × 106 cells are involved as a 50 m × 50 m mesh is used,which necessitates a computationally efficient model.Here the Open MP(Open Multiprocessing) technique is adopted to parallelize the code of a coupled 2D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model.It is shown that the computational efficiency is enhanced by over 80% due to the parallelization.The floods over both fixed and mobile beds are well reproduced with specified discharge hydrographs at the dam site.Qualitatively,backwater effects during the flood are resolved at the bifurcation between the Chuja and Katun rivers.Quantitatively,the computed maximum stage and thalweg are physically consistent with the field data of the bars and deposits.The effects of sediment transport and morphological evolution on the flood are considerable.Sensitivity analyses indicate that the impact of the peak discharge is significant,whilst those of the Manningroughness,medium sediment size and shape of the inlet discharge hydrograph are marginal.