正交设计优化山豆根黄酮、皂苷提取工艺

以山豆(Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep.)根为原料,采用了闪式提取法、超声波提取法、酶促复合提取法等进行对比研究。以总皂苷、总黄酮的得率为指标,正交设计探讨了超声提取法的最佳提取条件和参数。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1∶20(g∶m L),超声时间40 min,超声功率500 W,超声温度80℃。在最佳提取条件下,放大10倍总皂苷、总黄酮的得率分别为1.22%、2.48%,相对标准偏差在2%以内。

山豆三仙汤合胃蛋白酶合剂治疗小儿厌食症100例临床观察

目的:观察自拟山豆三仙汤合胃蛋白酶合剂治疗小儿厌食证的临床疗效。结果:治愈65例(65%),有效33例(33%),总有效率达98%。结论:山豆三仙汤合胃蛋白酶合剂治疗小儿厌食证,效果良好,值得临床推广。

利咽颗粒的定性定量方法研究

目的 :为了测定利咽颗粒剂中苦参碱的含量以及对几个主要成分进行定性检查。方法 :采用薄层扫描法测定该制剂中苦参碱的含量 ,并用薄层色谱法对该制剂中的牛蒡子、黄芩、射干和山豆根进行定性检查。结果 :薄层色谱中斑点清晰 ,易于识别 ;苦参碱在 1 .1 5～ 9.2 0 μg呈线性关系 ,回归方程Y =1 30 868.5X +1 854 .99,r=0 .9992 ;加样回收率为 1 0 0 .1 % ,RSD =3 .1 %。结论 :本方法简便、准确、重现性好 ,可用作该制剂的质量控制。

Wild Soybean Germplasm Resources Conservation and Use in Shandong Province

Glycine soja or wild soybean is the wild ancestor of the soybean, being an important source for property improvement and variety breeding. With abundant wild soybeans, their habitat is undermining, and wild soybeans are facing increasing- ly threatened in Shandong if measures are not taken yet. Besides, wild soybean germplasm is far from further exploiting or using. The research analyzed status quo and problems of wild soybean germplasm posed countermeasures or suggestions in crop germplasm conservation and use. resources conservation and use and pro- order to provide references for agricultural crop germplasm conservation and use.

Study on Plant Species Belonging to Fabaceae L. Family in Flora of A^lri Mountain

This study was carried out as a result of floristic expeditions in flora of Agri Mountain in Igdir between 2011 and 2014. As it is known, having diverse climatic types, Turkey has different and rich flora and vegetation. Over 380 plant species have been found in Agn Mountain up to now. From these species, 36 of them belong to Fabaceae family and they grow 900-3,000 m elevation above sea level on Agri Mountain. Fabaceae species are known throughout the world. As a result of researches carried out on Agri Mountain, 36 species were found, 10 of which belong to Fabaceae family. After Devis, an outstanding flora research has not been carried out in Agri Mountain so far. As a result of the researches carried out between 2011 and 2014, the number of genera reached to 10 and the number of species to 36. It was found out 17 species for the genus of Astragalus, two for Coronilla, five for Trifolium, three for Lathyrus, three for Onobrychis, three for Vicia and one for each Glycyrrhiza, Melilotus and Sophora. Eleven of these species are endemic. Those endemic species were： Astragalus aduncus Willd., Astragalus antalyensis, Astragalus davisii Chamb and Matthews., Astragalus eriocephalus Willd. subsp, eriocephalus Willd., Astragalus chaldiranicus Kit Tan and Sorger, Astragalus pinetorum Boiss., Astragalus fumosus, Astragalus vesicaris L. subsp, agridagensis Y. Zeynalov, Trifolium davissi Hossain, Lathyrus carcinus P. H. Davis, Onobrychis araxina Schischkin.

The Effect of Supplementation of Gliricidia or Rice Bran on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Liveweight Gain of Kacang Goat Fed Mulato Grass

A low liveweight gain of of Kacang goats when given grass as single feed indicated that additional feed is required to increase their gowth performance. This study was done to examine the effect of addition of Gliricidia （Gliricidia sepium） leaf or rice bran on feed intake, feed digestibility and liveweight gain of Kacang goat given Mulato （Brachiaria mulato） grass. Twenty four male Kacang goat, approximately 13.4±0.6 kg in initial weight and 10 months of age, were housed in individual metabolic pen and allocated to one of three dietary treatments. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replicates （goats）. The treatments were Mulato grass ad libitum （M）, Mulato ＋ Gliricidia （1% weight/d on dry matter basis） （MG）, and Mulato ＋ rice bran （1% weight/d on dry matter basis） （MR）. The experiment was run for eight weeks period （two weeks for adaptation and and six weeks for measurement period, respectively）. Parameters measured were liveweight gain （LWG）, dry matter intake （DMI） and dry matter digestibility （DMD）. The result showed that dietary treatment significantly （P 〈 0.05） affected the LWG, DMI and DMD of Kacang goat. Goat given Mulato grass had the lowest LWG, DMI and DMD with value 58 g/d, 2.77% weight/d and 57.61%, respectively. Goat received Mulato ＋ Gliricidia and Mulato ＋ rice bran had a significant higher LWG （73 g/d and 76 g/d, respectively）, DMI （3.25% weight/d and 3.65% weight/d, respectively） and DMD （62.28% and 63.19%, respectively）. However, no significant difference （P 〉 0.05） between goat received Mulato ＋ Gliricidia and Mulato ＋ rice bran. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that protein or energy contents of the diet influenced growth, feed intake and digestibility of Kacang goat.

Thoughts on the Sustainable Development of the Fava Bean Industry in Chongqing

The research analyzed the theoretical basis of the sustainable development of the Chongqing lava bean in terms of the current market economy situation. In regard to practice, several strategies will be suggested for the Chongqing fava bean industry to guide the development of Chongqing＇s efficient fava bean agriculture.

Leucaena leucocephala Meal as Replacement to Soybean Meal in Growing Goat Diets

Eight goats of 7-8 months old and an average body weight （BW） of 20 ± 5.0 kg were used in double 4 × 4 Latin square design. The treatments were the four levels of leucaena meal replacement for soybean meal in concentrates at 0%, 25%, 50% and 75% of crude protein. The results showed that roughage intake （% BW and g/kgBW^0.75） increased linearly （P 〈 0.01） with increasing levels of leucaena meal while total feed intake was not significantly different among dietary treatments. Similarly, dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber digestibility and ruminal ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） were not significantly different among dietary treatments. However, crude protein digestibility, ruminal pH （6 hr after feeding）, nitrogen （N） intake, N absorption, N retention and total volatile fatty acids increased quadratically （P 〈 0.01） with the increasing levels of leucaena meals. It could be concluded that leucaena meal could replace up to 50% of soybean meal in the diet without any negative effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation of meat goats.

Toxicity comparison of different active fractions extracted from radix Sophorae tonkinensis in zebrafish

Radix Sophorae tonkinensis(RST) is a widely used herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) for treating infectious and inflammatory diseases. However, the toxicity data for RST are limited. The aim of this work is to assess and compare the toxicity of the whole RST extract and its five active fractions using the zebrafish model. Five active fractions of RST were prepared using five different types of solvents, which included dealkalized water, ethanol, n-butyl ethanol, dichloromethane, and diethyl ether. The chemical profiles of the active fractions were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and the toxicity observed in the zebrafish model was confirmed using mouse models. In the zebrafish model, cardiovascular toxicity was observed for the fraction extracted using diethyl ether, and hepatotoxicity was observed for the whole RST extract and the fractions extracted using water and ethanol, whereas both cardiovascular and hepatic toxicities were observed for the fractions extracted using n-butyl ethanol and dichloromethane. The hepatotoxicity of the fractions extracted using n-butyl ethanol and dichloromethane was also observed in mice. Our findings provide the toxicity data for RST and its five active fractions through modeling in a zebrafish, and indicate that the different fractions may each have a different toxicity, which is helpful for the optimal use of RST in clinical practice.

Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Soybean near the Dabaoshan Mine, South China

Concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni in soybean (Glycine max L.) grown near the Dabaoshan Mine were investigated, and their potential risk to the health of inhabitants was estimated. In the Fandong (FD) and Zhongxin (ZX) villages, which are near the Dabaoshan mineral deposit, concentrations of Pb (0.34 mg kg^(-1) for FD), Cd (0.23 mg kg^(-1) for ZX) and Cr (1.14 and 1.75 mg kg^(-1) for FD and ZX, respectively) in the seeds of soybean exceeded the tolerance limit set by Chinese standards. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) from consumption of soybean seeds for FD inhabitants were 0.570, 0.170, 38.550, 142.400, 1.910 and 14.530 μg d^(-1) kg^(-1) boby weight for Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr and Ni, respectively. Our results indicate that soybeans grown in the vicinity of the Dabaoshan Mine accumulate some metals, and the seeds pose a potential health risk to the local inhabitants.