解读中国历法

本文讨论中国古人制历法的基本思路 ,中国历法中基本量的定义和测量方法。日、月、岁三种阴阳运动的互相调制 ,叠加出一种新的运动 ,它的规律正是中国历法所要推算和显示的。制历和历法显示了中国认知方式的启示性意义。

Paleoproductivity evolution in the West Philippine Sea during the last 700 ka

In order to reconstruct the paleoproductivity evolution history of the West Philippine Sea during the last 700 ka, the vertical gradient of Δδ13C in dissolved inorganic carbon Δδ13C between those of foraminifera Pulleniatina obliquiloculata and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi） and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages were analysed in piston Core MD06-3047 retrieved from the Benham Rise （east of the Luzon Island）. Paleoproductivity evolution in the West Philippine Sea during the last 700 ka is closely related to glacial-interglacial cycles and precession-controlled insolation. Controlling factors ofpaleoproductivity could have been both thermocline fluctuations related with ENSO-Iike processes and eolian input associated with East Asian winter monsoon, and the former could have been the primary factor. A higher productivity and a shallower thermocline coeval with the occurrence of low CO2 concentrations in the EPICA Dome C ice core might indicate that biological export production in the low-latitude could act as a significant sink in the global carbon cycle, and modify atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Spectral analysis further reveals that the paleoproductivity is mainly controlled by thermocline fluctuations subjected to ENSO processes responding to processional variability of insolation. High coherences in eccentricity, obliquity and precession periods fiuther revealing the close link between thermocline fluctuations, paleoproductivity and atmospheric CO2 levels.

Variations and Controlling Factors of the Coccolith Weight in the Western Pacific Warm Pool over the Last 200 ka

Using a coccolith weight analytic software(Particle Analyser), we analyze most abundant coccolith species in a sediment core from the central Western Pacific Warm Pool(WPWP) and calculate coccolith size and weight variations over the last 200 ka. These variations are compared with the trends of sea surface temperature(SST), primary productivity(PP), sea surface salinity(SSS), and insolation. Our results demonstrate that the size and weight of the coccoliths varied in response to variations of these factors, and their average total weight is primarily related to the relative abundance of the dominant species GEO(Gephyrocapsa oceanica). The variation in weight of EMI(Emiliania huxleyi) and GEE(Gephyrocapsa ericsonii) are mainly influenced by nutrients, and the variation of GEM(G. muellerae conformis) and GEO(G. oceanica) weight are mainly influenced by SST. For all of the taxa weight, PP and SST present apparent precession or semi-precession cycles, we consider that the mono-coccolith weight of the Equatorial Western Pacific is primarily affected by precession drived thermocline and nutricline variation.

论朱熹“会归一理”的历史哲学

朱熹的史学思想,主要是他的历史哲学,对后世的影响十分巨大,不仅修史者奉为圭臬,而且封建社会后期的政治生活和社会生活也往往据为准绳。 一 朱熹认为,历史是“致知格物”的儒者所宜从而取得感发的一种学问。历史上的是非论争,应诉之于“天理之正,人心之安”。这就是说,要从致知格物的高度,要从天理的高度来认识历史。朱熹说:“岁周于上而天道明矣,统正于下而人道定矣,大纲概举而鉴戒昭矣,众目毕张而几微著矣。是则凡为致知格物之学者,亦将慨然有感于斯。”(《资治通鉴纲目序》)

Coherent variations of the obliquity components in global ice volume and ocean carbon reservoir over the past 5 Ma

The Milankovid theory stresses that the summer insolation in the high northern latitudes that is dominated by the precession cycle controls the glacial/interglacial cycles in global climate change. If the climate system responds linearly to the external insolation forcing, the precession cycle of 23 or 19 ka should dominate the variations in the climatic proxy records. I per- formed spectral and evolutive cross spectral analyses on the high resolution benthic ~80 and oa3C records from the South China Sea and the North Atlantic, the proxies of global ice volume and ocean carbon reservoir respectively. I found that the obliquity instead of the eccentricity or the precession is the most marked cycle in the global ice volume and ocean carbon res- ervoir variations over the past 5 Ma. The analysis further reveals that only at the obliquity band instead of the eccentricity or the precession band does the global ice volume and ocean carbon reservoir display consistently high coherency and stable phase relationship over the past 5 Ma. The consistently positive or near-zero phases of the benthic -o^SO relative to the benthic ff3C at the obliquity band suggest that the global carbon cycle is involved in the polar ice sheet growth as an important internal feedback, not a determinative driving factor. The obliquity instead of the precession or the eccentricity takes the dominant role of driving the global climate change during the Pliocene and Pleistocene.