厨房岛台适老化设计研究

我国人口老龄化的比重正在逐年上升,市面上针对不同年龄段的老龄化产品却寥寥无几。厨房岛台近几年受到越来越多城镇居民的喜爱,厨房岛台的加入能够使厨房空间更加灵活多变。文章聚焦城市居家养老的问题,对城市老龄化居民厨房问题进行调研,并针对自理型与介助型老年人的生理、心理需求,以及实际操作进行分析,把适老化设计融入厨房岛台设计中,将厨房岛台的辅助功能放大。以期老年人在厨房操作中能够更加舒适、便捷,确保老年人的使用安全与身心健康。

老人用移动式“厨房岛台”设计探究

伴随我国人口结构进入老龄化,市场上的老人专用产品也在不断增多,除了日常生活用品之外,一种为老人行走安全与便利而设计的产品开始引起人们的关注,如助行器、代步器、助行购物推车等。由于老人的骨骼关节部位会随着年龄的增长而机能下降,使身体的平衡控制力也相应减弱,特别是在行走时一旦遇到地面不平整,注意力不集中或突然转身都极易摔倒受伤。针对这一问题我们提出可否将老人的日常三餐(包括熟食加工),及用餐后的一些活动集中在餐桌上进行,尽量减少他们起坐、行走次数,减轻不必要的体力消耗,以提高老人独立生活过程中的安全系数。餐桌设计借鉴厨房岛台的使用形式,根据老人日常用餐对餐桌尺寸的要求,将其设计成桌面可旋转,桌脚可移动,多个功能和用途整合在一起的餐桌,让老人三餐及餐后一些需求能在不离开餐桌的情况下就能得到满足。

空间、岛台与收纳:中式厨房的新形态研究

本文起步于一个基本判断:中国厨房形态的丰富度、完整性应能与中华美食的盛名相匹配。随着中国改善性住宅的不断增加,随着智能家居探索有了初步成果,我们不得不深入思考:适合中国人的“中式厨房”到底应是什么样子?如何能让“中式厨房”与“德式”“美式”或“日式”厨房相比肩?本文总结了“现代化”厨房的基本特征,提出中式厨房特有的空间布局、岛台形式和储物特征,力图为工业化和数字化中国厨房设计提供新思路。

“浮岛式”露台铝模与盘扣架施工技术创新与工程实践

随着城市建设的不断发展和人们对建筑质量与美观度要求的持续提高,建筑工程施工技术需要不断创新与进步。建筑外墙装饰系统在建筑美观性和功能性方面至关重要,传统的外墙装饰系统在施工过程中存在成本高、效率低、施工周期长等问题,亟须进行技术革新和改进。该文旨在探索和应用“浮岛式”露台铝模与盘扣架施工技术,解决传统外墙装饰系统施工中存在的问题,提出采用新型铝模和盘扣架相结合的方式,通过模块化设计和快速安装,提高了施工效率,缩短了施工周期,保证了建筑外墙装饰的质量和美观度。

厨房储藏空间研究

厨房储藏空间设计与利用是家居空间业历久弥新的话题。厨房是家居生活空间内提供饮食的必备空间。厨房内劳作的人都会感觉厨房内物品众多,尤其是我国饮食制作花样繁多,各种调料瓶、米面油、碗筷碟、蔬菜肉类干果等常常要用到。面对如此多的物品,厨房储藏空间设计不仅要具备储物性,使厨房空间整洁,能收纳更多物品;同时要具备便利性,使操作者拿取收纳方便。本文即对厨房储藏空间设计的内涵及研究现状进行分析,同时对吊柜、底柜、岛台这三个厨房内最重要的储藏空间进行针对性研究,以使厨房储藏空间设计更科学更合理。

A dipole wind curl pattern induced by Taiwan Island and its effect on upper stratification in the northeastern South China Sea

Using hydrographic data sampled during four successive late summer-early autumn cruises in 2004-2007, vertical stratification along transects in the lee of Taiwan Island was analyzed to investigate upper ocean responses to orographically induced dipole wind stress curl (WSC). Results indicate that mixed-layer depth (MLD) and its relationship with thermocline depth varied under different local wind forcings. Average MLD along the transects from the 2004 to 2007 cruises were 18.5,30.7,39.2 and 24.5m, respectively. The MLD along the transects deepened remarkably and resulted in thermocline ventilation in 2005 and 2006, whereas ventilation did not occur in 2004 and 2007. Estimates indicate that frictional wind speed was the major factor in MLD variations. To a large degree, the combined effects of frictional wind speed and Ekman pumping are responsible for the spatial pattern of MLD during the cruises.

Oscillation in frequency of tropical cyclones passing Taiwan and Hainan Islands and the relationship with summer monsoon

The temporal variations in the frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs) traversing the Taiwan and Hainan Islands (TH islands), were analyzed using a best-track TC dataset from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for the period 1945-2007. Results show that the oscillations were interannual and interdecadal on the timescales of 2-8 and 8-12 years, respectively. It is also shown that the number of TCs formed in the western North Pacific basin (WNP) and of those traversing the TH islands varied intraseasonally. These results also held for typhoons traversing the TH islands, although the oscillations were less apparent. This study identified interrelationships between the frequency of TCs making landfall on the TH islands and the East Asia summer monsoon (EASM), the South Asia summer monsoon (SASM), and the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM). The SCSSM significantly influenced the number of TCs traversing Hainan Island, but had little influence on the number of TCs traversing Taiwan Island. By contrast, the SASM influenced the numbers of TCs traversing both of the TH islands, shown by correlation coefficients of 0.41 for Taiwan Island and -0.25 for Hainan Island. In addition, the frequency of TC landfall on Taiwan Island increased during years of enhanced EASM, as indicated by a correlation coefficient of 0.4.

春游圆明园

今春5月,取道北京去呼和浩特市出差,在首都机场足足等了一天,晚上10点多钟机场通知因气象原因128次航班取消。乘坐这次航班的旅客悻悻不乐,从候机大厅的7号门上了民航大客车,把我们拉到一个饭店住下。第二天醒来一看这叫花园饭店,并有胡跃邦题字。早饭后得到通知晚5点钟去机场。这一天时间干啥?问了一下这是北郊,离市里较远。

Spatial Variation of the Characteristics of Urban Heat Island Effect in Hong Kong

Recent studies by the Hong Kong Observatory show that the urban centre of Hong Kong has considerable Urban Heat Island （UHI） effect that arises from the different thermal properties between urban and the surrounding rural areas. The studies have also shown that the urban-rural temperature difference or UHI intensity in the urban centre of Hong Kong can be greater than 10℃. However, the characteristics of UHI in Hong Kong would not be unique were it not for its complex topography and the significant spatial variation in the degree of urbanization within the territory. Making use of the extensive spatial coverage of the automatic weather stations operated by the Observatory, this study attempts to document the spatial variation of the characteristics of UHI effect in Hong Kong in summer and winter through cases studies. Cases in summer and winter with meteorological conditions typical for high UHI effect （that is, clear sky, light wind and stable atmospheric condition） are selected for the study. The characteristics of UHI effect in terms of the daytime warming rates, nocturnal cooling rates and diurnal temperature ranges at the selected automatic weather stations are analysed. The territory of Hong Kong is then classified into different categories according to the identified characteristics with a view to portraying the spatial morphology of UHI effect in Hong Kong.

Marine Environment around Taiwan Coast

Coastal erosion is an island-wide problem in Taiwan; about 80% of the island＇s sandy coastline had suffered from erosion over the past few decades. Historically, with the specific tectonic environment and rapid uplifting rate, lots of sediment had been yielded and transported to the coastal area that resulted in an advancing shoreline. Taiwan economically moved from a developing country to a developed one; a lot of human intervention had been made along the island coast. These are the major factors on recent coastal erosion. Even actions such as building of stabilization structures may inadvertently increase erosion. Some intervention examples are chosen to address how human-induced change made the profound impact on coastal erosion in Taiwan. All the information serves to provide a better understanding of the coastal processes, and a better response to the erosion problem.

Numerieal Prediction of Storm Surge in the Qingdao Area Under the Impact of Climate Change

A typhoon-induced storm surge simulation system was developed for the Qingdao area, including a typhoon diagnostic model for the generation of wind and pressure fields and a 2D Advanced Circulation(ADCIRC) model for simulating the associated storm surge with a 200 m resolution along the Qingdao coastline. The system was validated by an extreme surge event Typhoon Mamie(8509) and the parameters of Typhoon Mamie were used to investigate the sensitivity of typhoon paths to Qingdao storm surges with four selected paths: the paths of Typhoons Mamie(8509), Opal, 3921 and 2413, the selection being made according to their relative position to Qingdao. Experiments based on the Typhoon Mamie(8509) storm surge were also conducted to study the possible influences of future climate changes, including the sea level rise and sea surface temperature(SST) rise, on storm surges along the Qingdao coast. Storm surge conditions under both present day and future(the end of the 21 st century) climate scenarios associated with the four selected paths were simulated. The results show that with the same intensity, when typhoons follow the paths of 3921 and 2413, they would lead to the most serious disasters in different areas of Qingdao. Sea level and SST affect storm surges in different ways: sea level rise affects storm surge mainly through its influence on the tide amplitude, while the increased SST has direct impact on the intensity of the surges. The possible maximum risk of storm surges in 2100 in the Qingdao area caused by typhoons like Mamie(8509) was also estimated in this study.

Seismological Activities in Malaysia

In this paper, the development of the National Seismic Network of Malaysia is described first. Then, the maximum intensities on the Modified Mercalli (MM) scale experienced by Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia and the damage to man-made structures caused by earthquakes are analyzed. Finally, the seismic risk management and strategy to mitigate seismic risk in Malaysia are outlined.

Preliminary Study on the Relationship between the M_s8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 and the Anomalies of Earth Resistivity Observed at Qingdao Seismic Station

Near-surface earth resistivity and underground water level anomalies were recorded at Qingdao seismic observatory of Shandong Province before and after the MS8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12,2008.The observed data of earth resistivity at the observatory revealed that the underground water level dropped and the resistivity increased.It is postulated that in the special tectonic setting at Qingdao observatory,the variation of stress and strain caused the change of water level beneath the station,thus,leading to the variation of earth resistivity.The relationship between the variation of stress field and the change of earth resistivity before earthquake is analyzed.

Dissolved barium as a tracer of Kuroshio incursion in the Kuroshio region east of Taiwan Island and the adjacent East China Sea

From May to June 2014, the geochemical characteristics of dissolved barium(Ba) in sea water and its influx from the Kuroshio into the East China Sea(ECS) were studied by investigation of the Kuroshio mainstream east of Taiwan Island and the adjacent ECS. This allowed for the scope and extent of the Kuroshio incursion to be quantitatively described for the first time by using Ba as a tracer. The concentration of Ba in the Kuroshio mainstream increased gradually downward from the surface in the range 4.91–19.2 μg L.1. In the surface layer of the ECS, the Ba concentration was highest in coastal water and gradually decreased seaward, while it was higher in coastal and offshore water but lowest in middle shelf for bottom layer. The influx of Ba from Kuroshio into the ECS during May to October was calculated to be 2.19×108 kg by a water exchange model, in which the subsurface layer had the largest portion. The distribution of Ba indicated that Kuroshio upwelled in the sea area northeast of Taiwan Island. The north-flowing water in the Taiwan Strait restrained the incursion of Kuroshio surface water onto the ECS shelf, while Kuroshio subsurface water gradually affected the bottom of the ECS from outside. The results of end member calculation, using Ba as a parameter, showed that the Kuroshio surface water had little impact on the ECS, while the Kuroshio subsurface water formed an intrusion current by climbing northwest along the bottom of the middle shelf from the sea area northeast of Taiwan Island into the Qiantang Estuary, of which the volume of Kuroshio water was nearly 65%. Kuroshio water was the predominant part of the water on the outer shelf bottom and its proportion in areas deeper than the 100 m isobath could reach more than 95%. In the DH9 section(north of Taiwan Island), Kuroshio subsurface water intruded westward along the bottom from the shelf edge and then rose upward(in lower proportion). Kuroshio water accounted for 95% of the ocean volume could reach as far as 122°E. Ba was able to provide detailed tracing of the Kuroshio incursion into the ECS owing to its geochemical characteristics and became an effective tracer for revealing quantitative interactions between the Kuroshio and the ECS.

An altimetric transport index for Kuroshio inflow northeast of Taiwan Island

The Kuroshio inflow northeast of Taiwan Island plays an important role in the heat and nutrient balances over the East China Sea(ECS). Based on merged satellite altimeter data and the PCM-1 mooring observation at the East Taiwan Channel(ETC), the study employs a correlation iteration scheme to find the optimal transport index for the Kuroshio inflow. The sea level difference with the highest correlation to the ETC transport is across the ECS shelf break rather than along the PCM-1 line. The counter-intuitive result is caused by large signal noise and poor track coverage of altimeters near the Taiwan coast. The optimal altimetric index is highly correlated with the two-year in-situ measurements as well as the ten-year output of the global assimilation model. It serves as a better estimator of Kuroshio inflow than those using tidal gauge data, and helps pinpoint a 5 cm mismatch of mean sea level in the Keelung tidal record. The mean transport of Kuroshio inflow based on the twenty-year altimetric index is 20.55 Sv with a standard deviation of 3.05 Sv. Wavelet spectrum of the index reveals that semi-annual period dominates the Kuroshio variation northeast of Taiwan Island.

Variation of the Kuroshio intrusion pathways northeast of Taiwan using the Lagrangian method

The seasonal variations of the Kuroshio intrusion pathways northeast of Taiwan were investigated using observational data from satellite-tracked sea surface drifters and a numerical particle-tracking experiment based on a high-resolution numerical ocean model. The results of sea surface drifter data observed from 1989 to 2013 indicate that the Kuroshio surface intrusion follows two distinct pathways: one is a northwestward intrusion along the northern coast of Taiwan Island, and the other is a direct intrusion near the turn of the shelf break. The former occurs primarily in the winter, while the latter exists year round. A particle-tracking experiment in the high-resolution numerical model reproduces the two observed intrusion paths by the sea surface drifters. The three-dimensional structure of the Kuroshio intrusion is revealed by the model results. The pathways, features and possible dynamic mechanisms of the subsurface intrusion are also discussed.

圆明园的刼火

一百多年前,在北京西北郊,有一座富丽堂皇、瑰美多姿的大型园林建筑,这就是举世闻名的圆明园。圆明园占地5000余亩,周围有20华里,是清代最大的皇家宫苑。当时的一些著名园苑,如澄怀园、蔚秀园、承泽园、朗润园、勺园、近春园、熙春园、一亩园、自得园,清漪园(即颐和园)、静明园(即玉泉山)、静宜园(即香山)等均为它的属园。圆明园始建于清代康熙年间,历朝皇帝对其极为钟爱,不断地进行大规模的修缮和扩建。每当春夏来临,皇帝便来圆明园居住,成了宫廷的惯例。圆明园由圆明园、长春园、万春园三园组成,故又称"圆明三团"。圆明三园共一百多景,每一景中又有无数风格各异的园林建筑,其中既有庄严雄伟的"正大光明"殿,也有轻巧秀丽的"万方安和";有海市匿楼般的"海岳开襟",也有风景奇绝的"方壶胜地";有金碧辉煌的"琉璃宝塔",也有风格朴质的"九孔石桥";甚至有田园景色的"壮远山村"、喧若闹市的"买卖街"。真可谓包罗万象,无所不有。

圆明园的奇耻大辱

圆明园遗址公园位于北京海淀区清华园西北的后华家屯,原为清代的一座大型皇家御苑,占地约5200亩,与附园长春、绮春两园合称圆明三园,周长约10余公里。遗迹有方壶胜景、紫碧山房、蓬岛瑶台、海岳开襟、

圆明园遐想

闲暇的时候喜欢到圆明园走走,一是呼吸新鲜空气,放松身心;二是穿越时空隧道,感悟历史沧桑。如果一段时间没去,总感觉心里空落落的。相对于正门,我更喜欢从藻园门进去,这是圆明园不太显眼的一个偏门。圆明园南门才是正门,游客大都从南门进入。赶上旅游旺季,这里人山人海,熙熙攘攘,好不热闹。夹在人流中,只想着赶紧冲出去,也就顾不上细心品味了。藻园门就安静多了,这里没有人满为患的喧嚣,仿佛不属于繁华的都市,

解密老北京的王府

北京王府记录了明清两朝的历史痕迹,随着清王朝的灭亡,昔日风光无限的王府,也逐步走向衰落。老北京城王府众多,现在明朝时期的王府全部消失,遗留下来的都是清朝时期的。北京的王府井大街号称"中华第一街",就是因为他沾了王府的光。恭王府的前身曾是清代权臣和珅的住宅,《嘉庆实录》对其住宅描绘说:"其园寓点缀,与蓬岛瑶台无异,"不过当时已是半岛,不再是水中岛了。