由于浅层地下水位大幅度下降，太行山山前平原半干旱区形成厚达20～30m的不饱和层，就该区厚不饱和层土壤水分状况及其主控因素展开研究，以期为已有土壤水分运动模型及开发新模型提供参数依据。研究在洪冲积扇区及河道区利用Geoprobe M...由于浅层地下水位大幅度下降，太行山山前平原半干旱区形成厚达20～30m的不饱和层，就该区厚不饱和层土壤水分状况及其主控因素展开研究，以期为已有土壤水分运动模型及开发新模型提供参数依据。研究在洪冲积扇区及河道区利用Geoprobe Model 54DT钻机进行深层土壤取样，利用相关分析和回归分析对近20m厚的不饱和层中土壤含水量及岩性的关系进行了分析。洪冲积扇区岩性比较复杂，不同深度土壤含水量变异大，河道区岩性较单一，含水量变异较小，但两种条件下2m以下土壤含水量与岩性具极高的相关性，可以确认厚不饱和层土壤含水量处于田间持水量状态，并且可以通过回归方程根据岩性估算土壤含水量。展开更多
探索将厚包气带直压式测量土壤电导率(EC)用于绘制土壤岩性剖面的方法。研究区位于太行山山前平原,由于浅层地下水大幅度下降,该区已经形成了厚包气带。我们利用Geoprobe(r)直压式钻机和温纳排列(W enner Array)电极组测得EC剖面并钻取...探索将厚包气带直压式测量土壤电导率(EC)用于绘制土壤岩性剖面的方法。研究区位于太行山山前平原,由于浅层地下水大幅度下降,该区已经形成了厚包气带。我们利用Geoprobe(r)直压式钻机和温纳排列(W enner Array)电极组测得EC剖面并钻取相应的土样。土样分析结果显示,深层土壤水分含量受岩性控制。由于研究区土壤为非盐渍土,因此土壤岩性是EC变化的主要控制因素,而土壤EC的空间变化也能表达岩性的分布。比较土样颗粒组成和EC值发现,EC值与土壤砂粒含量成负相关,与土壤粘粒含量成正相关。当土壤中砂粒含量由12%增加到100%时,EC由100 mS m-1减少到20 mS m-1;而粘粒含量由3%增加到26%时,EC由30 mS m-1增加到100 mS m-1。研究结果表明,厚包气带直压式测量EC资料可以推断土壤岩性。展开更多
Offshore jacket-type platforms are attached to the seabed by long batter piles. In this paper, results from a finite element analysis, verified against experimental data, are used to study the effect of the pile＇s in...Offshore jacket-type platforms are attached to the seabed by long batter piles. In this paper, results from a finite element analysis, verified against experimental data, are used to study the effect of the pile＇s inclination angle, and its interaction with the geometrical properties of the pile and the geotechnical characteristics of the surrounding soil on the behavior of the inclined piles supporting the jacket platforms. Results show that the inclination angle is one of the main parameters affecting the behavior of an offshore pile. We investigated the effect of the inclination angle on the maximum von Mises stress, maximum von Mises elastic strain, maximum displacement vector sum, maximum displacement in the horizontal direction, and maximum displacement in the vertical direction. Results indicate that the pile＇s operationally optimal degree of inclination is approximately 5°. By exceeding this value, the instability in the surrounding soil under applied loads grows extensively in all the geotechnical properties considered. Cohesive soils tend to display poorer results compared to grained soils.展开更多
Fractionation of metals in acid sandy loam soil amended withalkaline-stabilised sewage sludge biosolids was conducted in order toassess metal bioavailability and environmental mobility. Soilsolution was extracted by a...Fractionation of metals in acid sandy loam soil amended withalkaline-stabilised sewage sludge biosolids was conducted in order toassess metal bioavailability and environmental mobility. Soilsolution was extracted by a centrifugation and filtration technique.Meal speciation in the soil solution was determined by a cationexchange resin method. Acetic acid and EDTA extracting solutions wereused for extraction of metals in soil solid surfaces. Metaldistribution in different fractions of soil solid phase wasdetermined using a three-step sequential extraction scheme.展开更多
A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic potential of four partially acidulatedrock phosphates (PARP) in three representative soils sampled from subtropical China. The PARPs weremanufactured by ...A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic potential of four partially acidulatedrock phosphates (PARP) in three representative soils sampled from subtropical China. The PARPs weremanufactured by attacking a moderately reactive phosphate rock either with sulfuric acid alone or withcombination of sulfuric and phosphoric acids at 30 or 60 percent of acidulation. Shoot dry weight and Paccumulation of six successive cuttings of ryegrass were used to compare the agronomic potential of thesefertilizers with that of the raw rock phosphate (RP) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP). Results indicatedthat the effectiveness of various phosphates was determined both by the solubility of the phosphates andby the acidity and P-fixing capacity of the soils. The higher the watersoluble P contained, the better theeffectiveness of the fertilizer was. Although plant P accumulation of PARP treatments was constantly lowerthan that of MCP treatment, some PARPs could still get a dry matter production similar to that of MCPtreatment. PARP SP60, which was acidulated with a mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid at 60percent of acidulation and contained the highest soluble P, was as effective as MCP in terms of dry matterproduction on all the soils. 560 and C1, which were both acidulated with sulfuric acid with the formerat 60 percent of acidulation and the latter at 30 percent but with a further addition of monoarninoniumphosphate, were more than 80 percent as effective as MCP. Raw RP also showed a reasonable effectivenesswhich increased with soil acidity. It was suggested from the study that some of these PARPs could beexpected to have a comparable field performance as soluble P fertilizers in the acid soil regions.展开更多
Laboratorial incubation and field experiments were conducted on soils ranging in texture from sandy loam toclay and in PH from 3 .6 to 9.0 to determine the agronomic effectiveness of single superphosphate (SSP), fused...Laboratorial incubation and field experiments were conducted on soils ranging in texture from sandy loam toclay and in PH from 3 .6 to 9.0 to determine the agronomic effectiveness of single superphosphate (SSP), fused magne-sium phosphate (FMP)and partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR)on 8 field crops. The results showed that thepottern of available P released from SSP was fixing -releasing-fixing-steady state, while that of PAPR was shortlyfixing-slowly releasing-fixing-steady state And the PAPR . SSP and FMP were equally effective as judged by yield, Puptake by plants and extractable P in soils after crop harvesting. The PAPR used as basal fertilizer was more effectivethan that as top dressing, and its residual effect was also obvious.展开更多
文摘由于浅层地下水位大幅度下降，太行山山前平原半干旱区形成厚达20～30m的不饱和层，就该区厚不饱和层土壤水分状况及其主控因素展开研究，以期为已有土壤水分运动模型及开发新模型提供参数依据。研究在洪冲积扇区及河道区利用Geoprobe Model 54DT钻机进行深层土壤取样，利用相关分析和回归分析对近20m厚的不饱和层中土壤含水量及岩性的关系进行了分析。洪冲积扇区岩性比较复杂，不同深度土壤含水量变异大，河道区岩性较单一，含水量变异较小，但两种条件下2m以下土壤含水量与岩性具极高的相关性，可以确认厚不饱和层土壤含水量处于田间持水量状态，并且可以通过回归方程根据岩性估算土壤含水量。
文摘探索将厚包气带直压式测量土壤电导率(EC)用于绘制土壤岩性剖面的方法。研究区位于太行山山前平原,由于浅层地下水大幅度下降,该区已经形成了厚包气带。我们利用Geoprobe(r)直压式钻机和温纳排列(W enner Array)电极组测得EC剖面并钻取相应的土样。土样分析结果显示,深层土壤水分含量受岩性控制。由于研究区土壤为非盐渍土,因此土壤岩性是EC变化的主要控制因素,而土壤EC的空间变化也能表达岩性的分布。比较土样颗粒组成和EC值发现,EC值与土壤砂粒含量成负相关,与土壤粘粒含量成正相关。当土壤中砂粒含量由12%增加到100%时,EC由100 mS m-1减少到20 mS m-1;而粘粒含量由3%增加到26%时,EC由30 mS m-1增加到100 mS m-1。研究结果表明,厚包气带直压式测量EC资料可以推断土壤岩性。
文摘Offshore jacket-type platforms are attached to the seabed by long batter piles. In this paper, results from a finite element analysis, verified against experimental data, are used to study the effect of the pile＇s inclination angle, and its interaction with the geometrical properties of the pile and the geotechnical characteristics of the surrounding soil on the behavior of the inclined piles supporting the jacket platforms. Results show that the inclination angle is one of the main parameters affecting the behavior of an offshore pile. We investigated the effect of the inclination angle on the maximum von Mises stress, maximum von Mises elastic strain, maximum displacement vector sum, maximum displacement in the horizontal direction, and maximum displacement in the vertical direction. Results indicate that the pile＇s operationally optimal degree of inclination is approximately 5°. By exceeding this value, the instability in the surrounding soil under applied loads grows extensively in all the geotechnical properties considered. Cohesive soils tend to display poorer results compared to grained soils.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.49831070 and 40125005)theNational Key Basic Research Support Foundation of China (No. G1999011807)the Jiangsu Provincial Foundation for Young Scientists (No. BQ98050).
文摘Fractionation of metals in acid sandy loam soil amended withalkaline-stabilised sewage sludge biosolids was conducted in order toassess metal bioavailability and environmental mobility. Soilsolution was extracted by a centrifugation and filtration technique.Meal speciation in the soil solution was determined by a cationexchange resin method. Acetic acid and EDTA extracting solutions wereused for extraction of metals in soil solid surfaces. Metaldistribution in different fractions of soil solid phase wasdetermined using a three-step sequential extraction scheme.
文摘A glasshouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the agronomic potential of four partially acidulatedrock phosphates (PARP) in three representative soils sampled from subtropical China. The PARPs weremanufactured by attacking a moderately reactive phosphate rock either with sulfuric acid alone or withcombination of sulfuric and phosphoric acids at 30 or 60 percent of acidulation. Shoot dry weight and Paccumulation of six successive cuttings of ryegrass were used to compare the agronomic potential of thesefertilizers with that of the raw rock phosphate (RP) and monocalcium phosphate (MCP). Results indicatedthat the effectiveness of various phosphates was determined both by the solubility of the phosphates andby the acidity and P-fixing capacity of the soils. The higher the watersoluble P contained, the better theeffectiveness of the fertilizer was. Although plant P accumulation of PARP treatments was constantly lowerthan that of MCP treatment, some PARPs could still get a dry matter production similar to that of MCPtreatment. PARP SP60, which was acidulated with a mixture of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid at 60percent of acidulation and contained the highest soluble P, was as effective as MCP in terms of dry matterproduction on all the soils. 560 and C1, which were both acidulated with sulfuric acid with the formerat 60 percent of acidulation and the latter at 30 percent but with a further addition of monoarninoniumphosphate, were more than 80 percent as effective as MCP. Raw RP also showed a reasonable effectivenesswhich increased with soil acidity. It was suggested from the study that some of these PARPs could beexpected to have a comparable field performance as soluble P fertilizers in the acid soil regions.
文摘Laboratorial incubation and field experiments were conducted on soils ranging in texture from sandy loam toclay and in PH from 3 .6 to 9.0 to determine the agronomic effectiveness of single superphosphate (SSP), fused magne-sium phosphate (FMP)and partially acidulated phosphate rock (PAPR)on 8 field crops. The results showed that thepottern of available P released from SSP was fixing -releasing-fixing-steady state, while that of PAPR was shortlyfixing-slowly releasing-fixing-steady state And the PAPR . SSP and FMP were equally effective as judged by yield, Puptake by plants and extractable P in soils after crop harvesting. The PAPR used as basal fertilizer was more effectivethan that as top dressing, and its residual effect was also obvious.
