非对称开采时矿柱岩爆的准则与前兆

本文建立了非对称开来时矿柱岩爆问题的简化力学模型，用计算机符号运算求出了模型的理论解。在此基础上讨论了岩爆准则与前兆，并进一步讨论了岩爆发展过程与前兆规律。文献[1]、[2]、[3]及本文的工作表明，各种条件下的矿柱岩爆问题都具有非恒定变形速率的特点，因此顶板下沉速率趋于无穷作为矿技岩爆前兆具有普遍性。

Experimental investigation on predicting precursory changes in entropy for dominant frequency of rockburst

Rockburst is a dynamic phenomenon accompanied by acoustic emission(AE)activities.It is difficult to predict rockburst accurately.Based on the fast Fourier transform(FFT)method and the information entropy theory,the evolution model of dominant frequency entropy was established.The AE energy,frequency and stress were synthetically considered to predict rockburst.Under the triaxial and the single-face unloading tests,the relationship between AE energy and the development of internal cracks was analyzed.Using the FFT method,the distribution characteristics of AE dominant frequency values were obtained.Based on the information entropy theory,the dominant frequencies evolved patterns were ascertained.It was observed that the evolution models of the dominant frequency entropy were nearly the same and shared a characteristic“undulation-decrease-rise-sharp decrease”pattern.Results show that AE energy will be released suddenly before rockburst.The density of intermediate frequency increased prior to rockburst.The dominant frequency entropy reached a relative maximum value before rockburst,and then decreased sharply.These features could be used as a precursory information for predicting rockburst.The proposed relative maximum value could be as a key point to predict rockburst.This is a meaningful attempt on predicting rockburst.

三轴循环加卸载下花岗岩损伤的声发射特征及能量机制演化

利用TYP-500型三轴试验机进行三轴常规及循环加卸载试验,借助PCI-2声发射系统记录花岗岩破坏过程的声发射信号。试验结果表明：循环加卸载试验使花岗岩的弹性模量变大,较常规三轴压缩强度,循环加卸载强度大致提高了3.5%;随着循环加卸载次数的上升,花岗岩不可恢复的变形量变大,为最大变形的5%左右,表明花岗岩具备明显的“记忆性”功能;花岗岩声发射振铃计数突变点大致在峰值应力的90%处,可将此作为判断花岗岩破坏的前兆;围压越大,弹性能所占比越大,说明围压影响岩石内部能量的分配;在峰值强度的0.3～0.4处,弹性能所占比达到0.9左右,说明在荷载达到试件峰值强度之前,岩样内部的能量演化已经发生转变,并保持在一定水平。