巢湖水文化探究与溯源

文化这种历史现象的形成从来都不是偶然的,而必然有它产生的土壤。本文所指的巢湖水文化,是指有史以来,巢湖人在与水共生共处的长期过程中所形成的历史沉淀,包括水环境、水资源、水景观等物质财富及治水理念、关于水的民风民俗、诗词歌赋、民间传说等精神财富。

巢湖水中7种有机磷和12种有机氯农药SPME检测技术研究

通过优化萃取时间、温度、离子强度和盐离子浓度等条件,建立了巢湖水中7种有机磷农药和12种有机氯农药的固相微萃取技术检测条件。试验结果表明,有机磷农药微萃取的优化条件为:采用PA纤维头,萃取温度为20℃、萃取时间为60 min、氯化钠浓度为35%,pH为7;有机氯农药微萃取的优化条件为:采用PDMS纤维头,萃取温度为60℃,萃取时间60 min,氯化钠浓度为5%,pH为7。在优化条件下,利用SPME对巢湖水中的有机磷、有机氯农药进行添加回收试验。结果表明,有机磷农药平均添加回收率在80.09%～118.82%之间,变异系数在0.23%～15.62%之间;有机氯农药平均添加回收率在72.80%～103.80%之间,变异系数在1.24%～11.69%之间。符合农药残留分析要求。

试析巢湖水文化的传播优势与传播策略

巢湖水文化源远流长、内涵丰富,极具地方特色。文章主要从传播学角度,分析了巢湖水文化的传播优势与传播策略,为巢湖的区域文化研究提供了一个全新的视角。巢湖的水文化传播研究,将会对构建巢湖文化圈的城市形象,打造安徽地方品牌,增强安徽文化的竞争力产生特别重要的作用。

2014-2018年巢湖水质氮磷含量与蓝藻水华变化情况探究

本文总结了2014-2018年5年时间内,巢湖湖区地表水中总氮、总磷、藻密度及水华的变化情况,并做了初步的统计分析。

生物塘处理富营养化巢湖水中试

利用生物塘对富营养化巢湖水进行中试,结果表明:浮萍、黑藻、狐尾藻和芦苇对总氮、总磷均有较好处理效果,其中黑藻对总氮、总磷的处理效果最好,芦苇对叶绿素的处理效果最好。7月份是生物塘处理污染物的最佳时期,4种水生生物的综合生物塘对总氮、总磷和叶绿素的最高去除率分别为92.0%、89.2%、97.8%。

巢湖水有机提取物致鱼红细胞DNA损伤的初步观察

目的 研究巢湖水有机提取物致突变性。方法 单细胞凝胶电泳技术测定鱼红细胞DNA损伤效应。结果 巢湖源水引起慧星细胞的百分率最高 (5 7.2 5 % ) ,滤前水最低 (2 7.6 3% ) ,出厂水经过二次加氯后慧星细胞的百分率有所上升 (4 4 .0 0 % )。结论 巢湖源水具有潜在致突变性 ,经混凝、活性炭吸附及沉淀处理后其DNA损伤作用有所下降 ,但氯化消毒可增加水中有机提取物的DNA损伤作用。

悠悠巢湖水 漫漫书法情散——记安徽省巢湖市青年书坛七子

中国五大淡水湖之一的巢湖,山清水秀,人文荟萃,她与长江相互交融,江南江北文化在这里碰撞,历史的烟云赋予她丰富的名胜古迹,长江巢湖之水哺育出一个个历史名人,影响着巢湖,影响着中国。

GC/MS法分析巢湖源水投加高锰酸盐复合药剂水中微量有机污染物的变化

介绍了用 GC/MS仪对水中微量有机污染物进行分离定性、定量的实验方法 ,并通过对实验结果的分析 ,阐述了高锰酸盐复合药剂 (PPC)对巢湖水中有机污染物的去除效率。文中表明 :GC/MS方法可检测的有机物范围很宽 ,它适用于可被 C18小柱从水中有效吸附 ,对气相色谱有足够的热稳定性和挥发性的有机化合物的分析。同时 ,由实验结果得到 :高锰酸盐复合药剂对巢湖水中有机污染物有较好的去除效果。

盘式固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定地表水中n-壬基酚、n-辛基酚和双酚A

建立了盘式固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱快速测定地表水中n-壬基酚、双酚A、n-辛基酚的方法。1 L水样经过Φ47 mm的C18盘式固相萃取膜盘萃取净化,用二氯甲烷/甲醇（体积比1∶1）洗脱、浓缩定容至1 m L。采用Waters BEH C18色谱小柱,以甲醇-0.1%氨水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱分离后,UPLC-MS/MS多级监测模式（MRM）下以外标法进行定性定量分析。该方法检出限：双酚A为1 ng/L,n-壬基酚为0.1 ng/L,n-辛基酚为0.1 ng/L。对同一环境样品进行了3种质量浓度（5、50、200 ng/L）的加标回收实验,平均回收率为84.6%-118.8%,相对标准偏差为1.8%-8.3%。基于该方法,对巢湖入湖河流水样进行了检测,质量浓度为13.2-42.3 ng/L。

巢湖湖滨带村庄格局优化方法研究

湖滨带村庄优化是大湖流域国土空间保护与开发协调的关键地带和重要方面。以巢湖流域水环境一级保护区湖滨带为研究区,综合国土调查、地理国情以及高精度土地利用(5 m)和地形数据,基于地理空间分析技术,揭示以水环境容量提升为主导的村庄格局影响因素及其外部驱动机制,提出村庄格局调控机制和优化方向。结果表明,一级保护区村庄用地规模、人口规模、空间布局呈显著破碎化、空心化和分散化等格局效应,村庄斑块平均面积仅2.4 hm^(2),88.4%的村庄人口规模≤150人,大部分地区村庄核密度小于7.9个·km^(-2),同时村庄的生态保护、灾害规避、集聚发展和文化保护等外部因子具有引导-约束关系;在此基础上,建立村庄格局调控因子及其约束阈值的优化方法体系,提出村庄疏解、缩小、控制和集聚的差异化格局优化模式。研究结果可为我国大湖地区湖滨带三生空间协调机制与国土空间规划提供科学认知和技术支撑。

磁混凝在5万吨污水厂提标改造中的应用

肥西县中派污水厂一期处理规模5万吨/天,采用氧化沟+活性砂滤池工艺,出水水质执行GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。为保护巢湖水质,按当地环保要求,将排放标准提升至DB 34/2710—2016《巢湖流域城镇污水处理厂和工业行业主要水污染物排放限值》城镇污水处理厂I排放标准。因项目用地紧张,采用在两座二沉池夹角处新增加磁混凝高效沉淀池用以除磷和SS,现状活性砂滤池增加碳源投加措施用以脱氮。经过提标改造后,出水水质能稳定达到DB34的I排放标准。

Effect of Flooding and Air-drying on Nutrition Content of Soil in Embankment WLFZ of Chaohu Lake

Organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, organic phosphorous （OP） and total phosphorous （TP）content of soil in northwest water-level fluctuating zone （WLFZ） of Lake Chaohu under natural and different artificial conditions were ana- lyzed to study the variation of OM, TN, OP and TP. It showed： Flooding and air- drying help to increase soil OM content in study area. Process of flooding and air- drying is conducive to soil adsorption of nitrogen and it can enhance spatial hetero- geneity of soil OM, TN, OP, process of flooding and air-drying also can reduce the difference of TP contents among different points. Riprap embankment is not con- ducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions, emergent plants are conducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions. Soil with high nitrogen content will release nitrogen to overlying water under flooded condi- tions. Under drying after flooding conditions, demand for phosphorus of vegetation growth will reduce TP content in soil, bare area will enrich phosphorus, when the next flood cover up a greater release of phosphorus will happen

Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Farmland

[Objective] The aim was to study on effects of controlled release fertilizer on loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland. [Method] Experiment was conducted in fields planted with rice and corn around Chao Lake and effects of compound fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer （reduced by 20%） on loss of nitrogen and phosphorus through runoff and leaching were analyzed. [Result] Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus mainly occurred in early stage of fertilizing; loss caused by runoff accounted for over 98% and caused by leaching was lower than 2%, indicating that nutrients of rice and corn mainly lost through runoff. As for controlled release fertilizers with 20% reduced, total loss of N and P decreased by 60% and 63% in rice field and reduced by 27.8% and 34% in corn field, respectively, indicating that controlled release fertilizer would maintain nutrients in soils high in later period of plant growth, improve use efficiency of N and P, reduce N and P loss in rice and corn fields in rainy season, and decrease non-point pollution. [Conclusion] The research suggested that controlled release fertilizer would slow down the loss of nutrients in farmlands, providing scientific references and technological support for extension of controlled release fertilizer and reduction of agricultural non-point pollution.

水生植物塘预处理巢湖源水中试研究

利用水生植物(水花生和水葫芦)塘预处理富营养化的巢湖源水,考察了其对巢湖源水的净化能力。结果表明:在HRT约为3 d的条件下,水花生的长势不理想,而水葫芦生长繁殖较快、对水体起主要净化作用;在水葫芦正常生长情况下,植物塘对巢湖源水中的藻类去除效果很好,平均去除率在85%左右,其中对含量最多的微囊藻(90%以上)的去除率高达95%;对源水中的氨氮、总磷、CODMn等均有一定的去除效果,平均去除率分别为36%、47%和38%,出水浓度均低于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)的Ⅲ类标准限值;另外,植物塘对源水的其他指标也有一定的去除作用,通过对出水的29项指标进行全面分析,表明出水水质基本达到了GB 3838—2002的Ⅲ类标准。

Effects of Social and Economic Development of Regions Surrounding Chao Lake on Water Quality Change of Chao Lake

The research analyzed social and economic development around Chao Lake as well as changes of water quality in Chao Lake and explored the relation- ships of local population and GDP with water chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total phosphorus （TP）, total nitrogen （TN）, chlorophyll and eutrophication index. The re- sults showed that population around Chao Lake and GDP kept growing from 2001 to 2013, and water quality was improving. In addition, correlation analysis indicated that except of water eutrophication, GDP and population showed inverse correlation with other indices, demonstrating that water quality has been effectively controlled in Chao Lake recently.

Characteristics and Effects of Inorganic Nitrogen in East Water-source and Inflow Rivers of Chaohu Lake

[Objective] To study the characteristics and effects of inorganic nitrogen in east water-source and inflow rivers of Chaohu Lake. [Method] The speciation and distribution characteristics of dissolvable inorganic nitrogen （DIN） in east water-source and inflow rivers of Chaohu Lake were investigated, and their effects on water qual- ity were examined. [Result] The concentrations of NH3-N and NO2--N were the high in flood season, and low in non-flood season, while the concentration of NO3--N pre- sented the opposite trend; the concentration of NO3--N was the highest in Shuangqiao estuary, where the pollution was the worst. DIN in Zhegao estuary and Xiaozhegao estuary was mainly caused by domestic sewage and industrial wastewaters; surface runoff and pollution from ships contribute the most to the DIN content in Shuangqiao estuary. [Conclusion] This study provided basic data and theoretical basis for the control and management of eutrophication in Chaohu Lake.

CAUSES AND CONTROL COUNTERMEASURES OF EUTROPHICATION IN CHAOHU LAKE, CHINA

Chaohu Lake, located in the central Anhui Province, is one of the five largest fresh lakes in China. Now it is one of the three most eutrophication lakes in China. The deterioration of its water quality has influenced the sustainable development of society, economy and environment of Hefei City, the capital of Anhui Province. A series of measures have been carried out to control its eutrophication, but it is still serious. On the basis of the lake water quality data from 1984 to 2003, the causes of the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake are analyzed. Studies indicated that the suitable natural conditions and human activities played a crucial role in the process of the eutrophication of Chaohu Lake. A great amount of industrial, agricultural and domestic sewage discharged into the lake is the main cause of eutrophication in the lake. Land use, soil erosion and shoreline collapse destroyed the watershed eco-environment and the terrestrial ecosystem of Chaohu Lake. And the building of Yuxi Gate extends the sluggish of the nutritious substance and speeds up the process of the eutrophication. From the view of systematic engineering and watershed ecology, a series of the countermeasures have been put forward to control the eutrophication.

Forecast of Flood in Chaohu Lake Basin of China Based on Grey-Markov Theory

Flood is one kind of unexpected and the most common natural disasters, which is affected by many factors and has complex mechanism. At home and abroad, there is still no mature theory and method used for the long-term forecast of natural precipitation at present. In the present paper the disadvantages of grey GM (1, 1) and Markov chain are ana- lyzed, and Grey-Markov forecast theory about flood is put forward and then the modifying model is developed by making prediction of Chaohu Lake basin. Hydrological law was conducted based on the theoretical forecasts by grey system GM (1, 1) forecast model with improved Markov chain. The above method contained Stat-analysis, embodying scientific approach, precise forecast and its reliable results.

A niche model to predict Microcystis bloom decline in Chaohu Lake, China

Cyanobacterial blooms occur frequently in lakes due to eutrophication. Although a number of models have been proposed to forecast algal blooms, a good and applicable method is still lacking. This study explored a simple and effective mathematical-ecological model to evaluate the growth status and predict the population dynamics of Microcystis blooms. In this study, phytoplankton were collected and identified from 8 sampling sites in Chaohu Lake every month from July to October, 2010. The niche breadth and niche overlap of common species were calculated using standard equations, and the potential relative growth rates of Microcystis were calculated as a weighted-value of niche overlap. In July, the potential relative growth rate was 2.79 (a.u., arbitrary units) but then rapidly declined in the following months to -3.99 a.u. in September. A significant correlation (R=0.998, P<0.01) was found in the model between the net-increase in biomass of Microcystis in the field and the predicted values calculated by the niche model, we concluded that the niche model is suitable for forecasting the dynamics of Microcystis blooms. Redundancy analysis indicated that decreases in water temperature, dissolved oxygen and total dissolved phosphorus might be major factors underlying bloom decline. Based on the theory of community succession being caused by resource competition, the growth and decline of blooms can be predicted from a community structure. This may provide a basis for early warning and control of algal blooms.