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城市发展和城市环境 被引量:1
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作者 王万新 《城市规划》 1980年第4期32-36,共5页
一、城市环境问题的历史回顾 从城市发展对环境的影响来看,大致可划分为三个历史阶段。 1.前期城市与环境。公元前3500年至公元1750年为前期城市发展时期,长达五千二百五十年,经历了奴隶社会和封建社会两个漫长的历史时期。
关键词 工业城市环境 城市发展 绿化林 主要污染物 交通噪声 平方 鱼虾 排放量 消声装置 烟尘
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城市工业区环境系统中的Cd污染循环及其健康风险--以杭州市半山工业区为例 被引量:9
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作者 喻超 凌其聪 +3 位作者 彭振宇 严莎 李晶 陈忠大 《环境科学学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2011年第11期2474-2484,共11页
为揭示重金属元素Cd在城市环境系统多种介质中的迁移途径及其潜在危害性,系统分析了杭州市半山工业区主要环境介质(土壤-尘埃-水-底泥-生物)样品中Cd的指标含量,并用连续提取法分析了土壤、尘埃、底泥中Cd的化学形态特征.结果表明,Cd的... 为揭示重金属元素Cd在城市环境系统多种介质中的迁移途径及其潜在危害性,系统分析了杭州市半山工业区主要环境介质(土壤-尘埃-水-底泥-生物)样品中Cd的指标含量,并用连续提取法分析了土壤、尘埃、底泥中Cd的化学形态特征.结果表明,Cd的迁移途径主要有两种,一是以尘埃为媒介在地表环境中迁移,二是通过水介质进入水体环境(水和水体底泥).研究区的主要环境介质均已受到一定程度的Cd污染,Cd含量普遍较高,其中以街尘Cd污染最为严重,其平均Cd含量为表层土壤背景值的14.1倍,最高可达64倍.绿地表层土中Cd超标率(GB15618—1995)达到14%,区内水样中有10%的样品超过IV类水限值(GB3838—2002),水体底泥样品中有50%超过了III类土壤标准(GB15618—1995)限值,最大超标倍数达14.6倍.环境介质中的Cd元素均具较高的化学活性,弱酸可提取态Cd含量范围为32%~59%,Cd在不同介质中的化学活性排序为:底泥>土壤>尘埃.苔藓和农作物中的Cd含量表明,环境介质中的Cd已经具备了现实的生物可利用性,而区内蔬菜和稻谷米粒样中Cd超标率分别达到39%和60%,表明Cd污染对居民存在健康风险. 展开更多
关键词 城市工业环境 杭州 环境系统 生物有效性 健康风险
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城市工业环境对空气冷凝水化学组分影响
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作者 夏青 李瑞利 +2 位作者 邱国玉 刘成寿 耿旭 《环境工程》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2014年第7期49-53,15,共6页
采用表面冷凝法收集深圳市6个不同区域的空气冷凝水样品,研究城市中不同功能区对周边环境空气冷凝水化学组分的影响程度,并测量分析在不同时段,由于工业生产等人为活动,空气冷凝水中重金属及离子含量的变化特征。研究结果表明:工业区样... 采用表面冷凝法收集深圳市6个不同区域的空气冷凝水样品,研究城市中不同功能区对周边环境空气冷凝水化学组分的影响程度,并测量分析在不同时段,由于工业生产等人为活动,空气冷凝水中重金属及离子含量的变化特征。研究结果表明:工业区样品的Cu浓度最高可达261.9μg/L,其Pb浓度为居民区的7倍。工业生产、工程建设等人为活动,能够不同程度地影响冷凝水的化学组分,施工的建筑粉尘导致居民区区域样品中Ca2+浓度(3.49 mg/L)比道路周边(1.98 mg/L)高76.3%。工业环境对空气冷凝水化学组分的影响具有明显的时间变化特征;在交通高峰期17:00—21:00各指标明显上升,非高峰期时段冷凝水中SO2-4、NH+4及NO-3的浓度分别为1.82,3.10,0.73 mg/L,而交通高峰期为3.67,6.12,2.27 mg/L。 展开更多
关键词 空气冷凝水 城市工业环境 化学组分 时空特征
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Transforming Strijp S: From Philips' Industrial Site to New Residential and Creative Area 被引量:1
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作者 Dimitra Babalis Irene Curulli 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2016年第7期777-787,共11页
In the contemporary city, the transformation of abandoned industrial landscapes offers great potential for experimentation and in creating new urban environments. Industrial heritage plays an essential role in this re... In the contemporary city, the transformation of abandoned industrial landscapes offers great potential for experimentation and in creating new urban environments. Industrial heritage plays an essential role in this respect and it goes beyond its strong cultural and symbolic value. In fact, industrial-cultural heritage is able to re-enact people's capability to maintain the culture of the past while looking forward with appropriate and innovative design solutions. This paper focuses on the design of regeneration of the former Philips' electronic industrial area named Strijp S in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. The master plan is pioneer in experimental rules on development areas due to the Crisis and Recovery Act (2010), a new Dutch law in response to development and economical crisis. The authors identify four criteria of analysis in order to show the complexity of this urban transformation and assess the results of this work-in-progress transformation. Moreover, it will discuss the challenges for industrial architecture/heritage when incorporating different objectives of redevelopment and to which extent the local dynamics are linked to the design of reuse. As conclusion, the paper will debate on the comprehensive urban framework, which puts forward sustainable design criteria, sets out principles in temporary and long-term reuse of the old buildings, and on their implication in terms of urban quality of indoor and outdoor spaces. 展开更多
关键词 Urban transformation industrial heritage heritage conservation and reuse creative industry.
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The Study Urban Context, the Development and Promotion of Industrial Tourism: Example of the Nord-Pas de Calais in France
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作者 Szymon Opania 《Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture》 2016年第11期1279-1287,共9页
The ongoing processes of spatial transformation of post-industrial regions attract people's attention, and they show new possibilities of development but they are also related with new challenges. A deep analysis of ... The ongoing processes of spatial transformation of post-industrial regions attract people's attention, and they show new possibilities of development but they are also related with new challenges. A deep analysis of known patterns must be an important lesson as, first of all, we observe transformation of other regions, which gives rise to a question about the possibility of using positive model solutions in other urban contexts. Moreover, in every action contributing to the development of a region with traditions, we should use every potential, understood as accumulated energy and closed in facilities, individuals and their mutual relations. The article is divided into five parts: (1) a short history of Nord-Pas de Calais; (2) a significant introduction to history and spatial issues; (3) a description of corrective measures undertaken on the basis of, e.g., an urban analysis from the moment of taking a decision on ceasing coal mine extraction until today; (4) a description of"a concept for the region"; (5) conclusions---including a catalogue of actions, prepared by the author, where an important aspect will be the use of elements of spatial values and spatial identity of regions in the process of planning spatial, social and economic transformation. In the article, the results of studies conducted in years 2010-2015, based on statistical data analysis, strategic documents analysis and an on-site visit are presented. 展开更多
关键词 Regional development regional projects region transformation spatial values.
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