传播政治经济学的奠基人达拉斯·斯迈思在其唯一的专著《依附之路:传播、资本主义、意识和加拿大》中,提出了具有一定原创性的意识工业理论。意识工业理论是马克思主义传播政治经济学的理论基础之一,其提出的时代背景是冷战时期,作...传播政治经济学的奠基人达拉斯·斯迈思在其唯一的专著《依附之路:传播、资本主义、意识和加拿大》中,提出了具有一定原创性的意识工业理论。意识工业理论是马克思主义传播政治经济学的理论基础之一,其提出的时代背景是冷战时期,作为意识形态理论的新形式,一方面延续了传统意识形态的合法性辩护或批判功能,另一面它深入到传统意识形态没触及的传播政治经济运行机制,由此提出了独创性的“受众力”这一范畴。与文化工业理论不同,意识工业理论深入分析文化意识背后的传播机制,进而揭示意识工业具有物质性、单向性和隐蔽性三个主要特征。它的物质性体现为受众力的商品性,它的单向性体现为大众媒体的传播途径通常是由中心国家指向边缘国家;它的隐蔽性体现为传播内化为受众的需求。但该理论未论及社会主义国家的意识工业,也难以解释新的世界进程,在数字媒介时代意识工业的受众与媒介呈现新特征,这既是挑战也是机遇。As a founding figure of the political economy of communication, Dallas Smythe introduced the original theory of the consciousness industry in his sole monograph, “Dependency Road: Communications, Capitalism, Consciousness, and Canada”. This theory serves as one of the theoretical foundations of Marxist political economy of communication. Set against the backdrop of the Cold War, the theory of the consciousness industry, as a new form of ideological theory, not only continues the traditional functions of legitimizing or criticizing ideology but also delves into the mechanisms of the political economy of communication that traditional ideology did not touch, thereby proposing the innovative category of “audience power”. Unlike the cultural industry theory, the theory of the consciousness industry deeply analyzes the communication mechanisms behind cultural consciousness, revealing three main characteristics of the consciousness industry: materiality, unidirectionalism, and concealment. Its materiality is reflected in the commodity nature of audience power. Its unidirectionalism is reflected in the fact that mass media communication typically flows from core countries to peripheral countries. Its concealment is demonstrated as communication is internalized as audience demand. However, the theory does not discuss the consciousness industry in socialist countries and struggles to explain new global processes. In the digital media era, the audience and media of the consciousness industry exhibit new characteristics, presenting both challenges and opportunities.展开更多
Current sciences fail in understanding the future trends of human beings＇ behaviors and cultures. From the hunting tribes to the agricultural society, the civilized country, and then to the industrial society, none o...Current sciences fail in understanding the future trends of human beings＇ behaviors and cultures. From the hunting tribes to the agricultural society, the civilized country, and then to the industrial society, none of these developments is the results of human beings＇ reasonable proposal. The human beings are ＂developed＂, i.e. pushed forward by certain invisible forces. As being cultural, they are dominated by their cultural concepts. To explore the source of every civilization＇s concepts, the formation history of its mythological concepts during the pre-historic period or at the beginning of its civilization shall be studied first. By interpreting the first literature works at the beginning of western civilization, the temporary mythologists reveal the rule that mythological concepts dominate the ritual behaviors and narrative expressions. This paper interprets the historical narratives in Records of the Grand Historian.＂ Annals of the First Emperor of Qin, to reproduce the concepts that dominate China＇s national rulers, present the theory of Mythological Concepts＇ Determinism, and correspond to the counter-force of ideology put forward by Friedrich Engels in his later years and the religious concepts＇ determinism by Max Weber, so as to illustrate the mythological concepts＇ function as the prototype code of ideology, and refer to a common and effective directory approach of social science studies.展开更多
The paper highlights some of the changes that are taking place across the entire spectrum of business environment with an objective of understanding this new context. Politics is changing to reflect shifts in economic...The paper highlights some of the changes that are taking place across the entire spectrum of business environment with an objective of understanding this new context. Politics is changing to reflect shifts in economics which is simultaneously causing social strife and unrest. Technology has disrupted many business models and with rapid advancements will change the way we live, work, and interact with each other. So much so that this new reality is being termed as the fourth industrial revolution. We are clearly on the edges of the new times but are trying to make sense of it all ironically with a mindset which is anchored in the past. To be future ready, the future has to be forecasted or imagined or even willed by the collective consciousness of humanity. This paper has captured the changes through extensive research and personal insights into the changing paradigms. The paper finally puts forth two likely scenarios that might emerge which need to be further researched upon so that more conclusions can be drawn.展开更多
文摘传播政治经济学的奠基人达拉斯·斯迈思在其唯一的专著《依附之路:传播、资本主义、意识和加拿大》中,提出了具有一定原创性的意识工业理论。意识工业理论是马克思主义传播政治经济学的理论基础之一,其提出的时代背景是冷战时期,作为意识形态理论的新形式,一方面延续了传统意识形态的合法性辩护或批判功能,另一面它深入到传统意识形态没触及的传播政治经济运行机制,由此提出了独创性的“受众力”这一范畴。与文化工业理论不同,意识工业理论深入分析文化意识背后的传播机制,进而揭示意识工业具有物质性、单向性和隐蔽性三个主要特征。它的物质性体现为受众力的商品性,它的单向性体现为大众媒体的传播途径通常是由中心国家指向边缘国家;它的隐蔽性体现为传播内化为受众的需求。但该理论未论及社会主义国家的意识工业,也难以解释新的世界进程,在数字媒介时代意识工业的受众与媒介呈现新特征,这既是挑战也是机遇。As a founding figure of the political economy of communication, Dallas Smythe introduced the original theory of the consciousness industry in his sole monograph, “Dependency Road: Communications, Capitalism, Consciousness, and Canada”. This theory serves as one of the theoretical foundations of Marxist political economy of communication. Set against the backdrop of the Cold War, the theory of the consciousness industry, as a new form of ideological theory, not only continues the traditional functions of legitimizing or criticizing ideology but also delves into the mechanisms of the political economy of communication that traditional ideology did not touch, thereby proposing the innovative category of “audience power”. Unlike the cultural industry theory, the theory of the consciousness industry deeply analyzes the communication mechanisms behind cultural consciousness, revealing three main characteristics of the consciousness industry: materiality, unidirectionalism, and concealment. Its materiality is reflected in the commodity nature of audience power. Its unidirectionalism is reflected in the fact that mass media communication typically flows from core countries to peripheral countries. Its concealment is demonstrated as communication is internalized as audience demand. However, the theory does not discuss the consciousness industry in socialist countries and struggles to explain new global processes. In the digital media era, the audience and media of the consciousness industry exhibit new characteristics, presenting both challenges and opportunities.
文摘Current sciences fail in understanding the future trends of human beings＇ behaviors and cultures. From the hunting tribes to the agricultural society, the civilized country, and then to the industrial society, none of these developments is the results of human beings＇ reasonable proposal. The human beings are ＂developed＂, i.e. pushed forward by certain invisible forces. As being cultural, they are dominated by their cultural concepts. To explore the source of every civilization＇s concepts, the formation history of its mythological concepts during the pre-historic period or at the beginning of its civilization shall be studied first. By interpreting the first literature works at the beginning of western civilization, the temporary mythologists reveal the rule that mythological concepts dominate the ritual behaviors and narrative expressions. This paper interprets the historical narratives in Records of the Grand Historian.＂ Annals of the First Emperor of Qin, to reproduce the concepts that dominate China＇s national rulers, present the theory of Mythological Concepts＇ Determinism, and correspond to the counter-force of ideology put forward by Friedrich Engels in his later years and the religious concepts＇ determinism by Max Weber, so as to illustrate the mythological concepts＇ function as the prototype code of ideology, and refer to a common and effective directory approach of social science studies.
文摘The paper highlights some of the changes that are taking place across the entire spectrum of business environment with an objective of understanding this new context. Politics is changing to reflect shifts in economics which is simultaneously causing social strife and unrest. Technology has disrupted many business models and with rapid advancements will change the way we live, work, and interact with each other. So much so that this new reality is being termed as the fourth industrial revolution. We are clearly on the edges of the new times but are trying to make sense of it all ironically with a mindset which is anchored in the past. To be future ready, the future has to be forecasted or imagined or even willed by the collective consciousness of humanity. This paper has captured the changes through extensive research and personal insights into the changing paradigms. The paper finally puts forth two likely scenarios that might emerge which need to be further researched upon so that more conclusions can be drawn.
