Due to their negligible volatility,reasonable thermal stability,strong dissolubility,wide liquid range and tunability of structure and property,ionic liquids have been regarded as emerging candidate reagents for CO2 c...Due to their negligible volatility,reasonable thermal stability,strong dissolubility,wide liquid range and tunability of structure and property,ionic liquids have been regarded as emerging candidate reagents for CO2 cap-ture from industries gases.In this review,the research progresses in CO2 capture using conventional ionic liquids,functionalized ionic liquids,supported ionic-liquids membranes,polymerized ionic liquids and mixtures of ionic liquids with some molecular solvents were investigated and reviewed.Discussion of relevant research fields was presented and the future developments were suggested.展开更多
Compared to the traditional lumped-parameter model, computational fluid dynamics （CFD） attracted more attentions due to facilitating more accurate reactor design and optimization methods when analyzing the heat tran...Compared to the traditional lumped-parameter model, computational fluid dynamics （CFD） attracted more attentions due to facilitating more accurate reactor design and optimization methods when analyzing the heat transfer in the industrial packed bed. Here, a model was developed based on the CFD theory, in which the heterogeneous fluid flow was resolved by considering the oscillatory behavior of voidage and the effective fluid viscosity. The energy transports in packed bed were calculated by the convection and diffusion incorporated with gaseous dispersion in fluid and the contacting thermal conductivity of packed particles in solids. The heat transfer coefficient between fluid and wall was evaluated by considering the turbulence due to the packed particles adjacent to the wall. Thus, the heat transfer in padded bed can be predicted without using any adjustable semi-empirical effective thermal conductivity coefficient. The experimental results from the literature were employed to validate this model.展开更多
The development history and major technological innovations of the ultra-low pressure naphtha reforming technology with continuous catalyst regeneration in China were introduced.This technology had been adopted by the...The development history and major technological innovations of the ultra-low pressure naphtha reforming technology with continuous catalyst regeneration in China were introduced.This technology had been adopted by the 1.0 Mt/a CCR unit at the Guangzhou Company.The appropriate catalyst was selected to meet the demand of the unit capacity,the feedstock,and the product slate.The design parameters,including the reaction pressure,the octane number of C5+liquid product,the reaction temperature,the space velocity,the hydrogen/oil molar ratio,and the catalyst circulating rate,were chosen based on the study of process conditions and parameters.The commercial test results showed that the research octane number of C5+product reached 104 when the capacity of the CCR unit was 100%and 115%of the design value.The other technical targets attained or exceeded the expected value.展开更多
In emulsion system, micro-organisms survive in water phase, thus concentration of preservative in water phase directly reflects to anti-fungi efficacy. As preservative easily migrates into oil phase, it reduces preser...In emulsion system, micro-organisms survive in water phase, thus concentration of preservative in water phase directly reflects to anti-fungi efficacy. As preservative easily migrates into oil phase, it reduces preservative efficacy. A common solution is to increase preservative amount in the whole system. However this way always brings safety issues as preservative is a major allergen. Another effective but safety way is to prohibit preservative migrating into oil phase. In cosmetic research area, phenoxyethanol （PE） and p-Hydroxyacetophenone （p-HAP） pair gradually emerges to be a popular preservative candidate. Thus this new preservative system has been focused as the research object in this work. The relative contents （C） of both PE （CPE） and p-HAP （Cp-HAP） in water phase has been carefully determined. Eight commonly used oils have been further employed to check CPE and Cp-HAP in different oil-water system. The other infuence parameters such as polyols, processing parameters are also investigated. Results shows squalane, petrolatum, silicone oil and hydrogenated polyisobutene might be good oil phase candidates for formulation when using PE and p-HAP preservative system. In these oil systems, PE and p-HAP are mainly located in water phase. Besides, increasing percentage of 1, 3-butylene glycol, shortening homogenization time or adding preservatives at the end of processing under lower temperature could effectively increase effective content preservatives in water phase, either.展开更多
The dispersion processes and methods of physical sun-screening agents in liquid medium were briefed.Several stabilizing mechanisms of ultrafine particle in liquid medium was introduced, and the stabilizing mechanisms ...The dispersion processes and methods of physical sun-screening agents in liquid medium were briefed.Several stabilizing mechanisms of ultrafine particle in liquid medium was introduced, and the stabilizing mechanisms of physical sunscreens were discussed. At last, the currently existing evaluation methods of physical sun-screening slurry stability were also illustrated.展开更多
In this paper, a comparison on the domestic and abroad patent application about liquid laundry was provided which related to the patent application number and the change trend, the patent protection subject, patent st...In this paper, a comparison on the domestic and abroad patent application about liquid laundry was provided which related to the patent application number and the change trend, the patent protection subject, patent strategy, and the patent application writing style. Especially, the applications from the domestic and abroad important applicants were analyzed. Based on the analysis mentioned above, this paper also provided the reference and recommendations from the patent view for practitioners of technology field.展开更多
基金Supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (21036007)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2011AA050606)
文摘Due to their negligible volatility,reasonable thermal stability,strong dissolubility,wide liquid range and tunability of structure and property,ionic liquids have been regarded as emerging candidate reagents for CO2 cap-ture from industries gases.In this review,the research progresses in CO2 capture using conventional ionic liquids,functionalized ionic liquids,supported ionic-liquids membranes,polymerized ionic liquids and mixtures of ionic liquids with some molecular solvents were investigated and reviewed.Discussion of relevant research fields was presented and the future developments were suggested.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676266,21676269)the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB17020100)the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and Development of China(2016YFA0202801)
文摘Compared to the traditional lumped-parameter model, computational fluid dynamics （CFD） attracted more attentions due to facilitating more accurate reactor design and optimization methods when analyzing the heat transfer in the industrial packed bed. Here, a model was developed based on the CFD theory, in which the heterogeneous fluid flow was resolved by considering the oscillatory behavior of voidage and the effective fluid viscosity. The energy transports in packed bed were calculated by the convection and diffusion incorporated with gaseous dispersion in fluid and the contacting thermal conductivity of packed particles in solids. The heat transfer coefficient between fluid and wall was evaluated by considering the turbulence due to the packed particles adjacent to the wall. Thus, the heat transfer in padded bed can be predicted without using any adjustable semi-empirical effective thermal conductivity coefficient. The experimental results from the literature were employed to validate this model.
基金Financial support form the SINOPEC Research Program(No.107025)
文摘The development history and major technological innovations of the ultra-low pressure naphtha reforming technology with continuous catalyst regeneration in China were introduced.This technology had been adopted by the 1.0 Mt/a CCR unit at the Guangzhou Company.The appropriate catalyst was selected to meet the demand of the unit capacity,the feedstock,and the product slate.The design parameters,including the reaction pressure,the octane number of C5+liquid product,the reaction temperature,the space velocity,the hydrogen/oil molar ratio,and the catalyst circulating rate,were chosen based on the study of process conditions and parameters.The commercial test results showed that the research octane number of C5+product reached 104 when the capacity of the CCR unit was 100%and 115%of the design value.The other technical targets attained or exceeded the expected value.
文摘In emulsion system, micro-organisms survive in water phase, thus concentration of preservative in water phase directly reflects to anti-fungi efficacy. As preservative easily migrates into oil phase, it reduces preservative efficacy. A common solution is to increase preservative amount in the whole system. However this way always brings safety issues as preservative is a major allergen. Another effective but safety way is to prohibit preservative migrating into oil phase. In cosmetic research area, phenoxyethanol （PE） and p-Hydroxyacetophenone （p-HAP） pair gradually emerges to be a popular preservative candidate. Thus this new preservative system has been focused as the research object in this work. The relative contents （C） of both PE （CPE） and p-HAP （Cp-HAP） in water phase has been carefully determined. Eight commonly used oils have been further employed to check CPE and Cp-HAP in different oil-water system. The other infuence parameters such as polyols, processing parameters are also investigated. Results shows squalane, petrolatum, silicone oil and hydrogenated polyisobutene might be good oil phase candidates for formulation when using PE and p-HAP preservative system. In these oil systems, PE and p-HAP are mainly located in water phase. Besides, increasing percentage of 1, 3-butylene glycol, shortening homogenization time or adding preservatives at the end of processing under lower temperature could effectively increase effective content preservatives in water phase, either.
文摘The dispersion processes and methods of physical sun-screening agents in liquid medium were briefed.Several stabilizing mechanisms of ultrafine particle in liquid medium was introduced, and the stabilizing mechanisms of physical sunscreens were discussed. At last, the currently existing evaluation methods of physical sun-screening slurry stability were also illustrated.
文摘In this paper, a comparison on the domestic and abroad patent application about liquid laundry was provided which related to the patent application number and the change trend, the patent protection subject, patent strategy, and the patent application writing style. Especially, the applications from the domestic and abroad important applicants were analyzed. Based on the analysis mentioned above, this paper also provided the reference and recommendations from the patent view for practitioners of technology field.
