群智感知系统中基于鲸鱼优化算法的任务分配

为降低工人成本、提高工人效率,研究工人在线时间为弹性的群智感知场景。采用模糊机会约束规划方法对工人在线时间进行建模,根据延时与否引入延时成本与空闲成本;由于对应问题为组合优化问题,属于NP-hard问题范畴,结合鲸鱼优化算法设计两阶段任务分配算法进行求解。实验结果表明,与其它算法相比,所提算法具有更高的工人效率,较之于固定在线时间,弹性在线时间下工人效率更高,成本更低。

浅议教师职业的倦怠与克服

教育的重要性已越来越被全社会所认识和重视。教师是教育的主导者 ,是教育质量提高的关键因素 ,要建设教师队伍首先得分析教师队伍状况及存在的问题。本文分析了目前教师队伍人员不稳定 ,工作效率不高 。

Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Giant Pandas at the Wolong Breeding Center

The goal of the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ) breeding program is to develop a self sustaining,genetically diverse population.Due to the common problems about sexual incompatibility and a limited number of captive born males that breed naturally,artificial insemination (AI) has become a critical genetic management tool.It is common practice,however,to combine natural mating and AI using semen from non breeding males.From 1998 to 2000 at the Wolong breeding facility,12 of 18 (66.7%) females produced 20 cubs following combined natural mating and AI.The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of AI without natural breeding.In 1998 and 2000,seven females were anesthetized for transcervical AI on two consecutive days.Ejaculates from six males were collected by electroejaculation,diluted in an egg yolk diluent containing 0% or 4% glycerol and used either fresh or following cold storage at 4℃ (for 24 or 48 h) or cryopreservation using the pellet freezing method.Mean (±SEM) ejaculate traits in six male sperm donors were:ejaculate volume,3.3±0.5 ml;sperm concentration,1,429.8±235.4×10 6/ml;sperm motility,81.7±2.1%;progression (0～5,5=best),3.1±0.1;and normal sperm,79.3±9.2%.For AI (n = 14) in seven females,mean inseminate traits were:spermic volume inseminated,2.4±0.3 ml;sperm motility,73.5±2.9%;progression,2.5±0.1;and total motile sperm inseminated/AI,684.2±118.2×10 6.Four of seven (57.1%) females became pregnant and produced five cubs of which four survived.Mean gestation and litter size was 131.5±9.7 days and 1.3±0.3 cubs/litter,respectively.These results indicate that the efficiency of AI is sufficient for recovering valuable genes from non breeding individuals to enhance genetic diversity in the ex situ population of giant pandas.

从简单劳动和复杂劳动的角度看劳动价值论的局限性——基于劳动价值论和索洛模型的比较

劳动价值论正确与否一直是一个备受争议的问题,也是西方经济学体系和马克思经济学体系分流的开端.应该说,随着立场的不同,二者本来就无所谓绝对的对错,但现实对经济学理论的实证性要求还是需要我们对理论进行不断的修正和完善.本文中,笔者尝试从简单劳动和复杂劳动的角度来诠释劳动价值论中对劳动力工作的预测方面的局限性,并通过借鉴和引入索洛模型中关于技术进步以及效率工人的概念来提出劳动价值论修正的一种途径.

The Building of Education Management System based on Web 2.0

The design and development Web 2.0-based education management system will satisfy with the school education management of informationization, scientific and modernized request, the auxiliary education superintendent carries on the correct decision-making, enhance the education management working efficiency. This system has used the quite mature development technology at present, the function of realizes is more perfect, usable; The man-machine interaction is friendly and operate easily. Its application, enhanced the administrator and teacher＇s working efficiency greatly, reduces the working strength, simultaneously has also provided the better education condition for the student. With the rapid development of network,, education management system will be more widespread in the education of education application, it will create a new situation of the education management, bring a brighter prospect of the application.

A Proposal of Adaptive PID Controller Based on Reinforcement Learning

Aimed at the lack of self-tuning PID parameters in conventional PID controllers, the structure and learning algorithm of an adaptive PID controller based on reinforcement learning were proposed. Actor-Critic learning was used to tune PID parameters in an adaptive way by taking advantage of the model-free and on-line learning properties of reinforcement learning effectively. In order to reduce the demand of storage space and to improve the learning efficiency, a single RBF neural network was used to approximate the policy function of Actor and the value function of Critic simultaneously. The inputs of RBF network are the system error, as well as the first and the second-order differences of error. The Actor can realize the mapping from the system state to PID parameters, while the Critic evaluates the outputs of the Actor and produces TD error. Based on TD error performance index and gradient descent method, the updating rules of RBF kernel function and network weights were given. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is efficient for complex nonlinear systems and it is perfectly adaptable and strongly robust, which is better than that of a conventional PID controller.

Reliability-based design optimization for flexible mechanism with particle swarm optimization and advanced extremum response surface method

To improve the computational efficiency of the reliability-based design optimization(RBDO) of flexible mechanism, particle swarm optimization-advanced extremum response surface method(PSO-AERSM) was proposed by integrating particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm and advanced extremum response surface method(AERSM). Firstly, the AERSM was developed and its mathematical model was established based on artificial neural network, and the PSO algorithm was investigated. And then the RBDO model of flexible mechanism was presented based on AERSM and PSO. Finally, regarding cross-sectional area as design variable, the reliability optimization of flexible mechanism was implemented subject to reliability degree and uncertainties based on the proposed approach. The optimization results show that the cross-section sizes obviously reduce by 22.96 mm^2 while keeping reliability degree. Through the comparison of methods, it is demonstrated that the AERSM holds high computational efficiency while keeping computational precision for the RBDO of flexible mechanism, and PSO algorithm minimizes the response of the objective function. The efforts of this work provide a useful sight for the reliability optimization of flexible mechanism, and enrich and develop the reliability theory as well.

Experimental Characterization of the Action of an Artificial Wind on a Wind Turbine and Optimization of the Storage Efficiency of Compressed Air in Hybrid PV/Wind Turbine Systems

The general idea of this work is to improve the performance of CAES （compressed air energy storage） for its application in solar and wind systems through a restitution technique by creating an artificial wind. The efficiency of compressed air storage is often presented as a limit to its application. The present work describes a series of manipulations carried out in order to increase the yield. As the action of the artificial wind on the wind turbine is characterized by a reduced attack surface, a treated wind, a constant direction, an adjustable speed, it is therefore a question of acting on all the controllable parameters of the artificial wind to find the best way to use it to produce more energy from a certain quantity stored in a tank. The main manipulations consisted in determining： the optimal number of points of attack of the wind turbine; the nature of the action （continuous or interrupted） of the wind; the frequency of wind action and the duty cycle.

Assessment of food supplementation and surveillance as techniques to reduce damage caused by black capuchin monkeys Sapajus nigritus to forest plantations

Black capuchin monkeys Sapajus nigritus are among several mammalian species that damage forest plantations, pri- marily plantations of pine trees （Pinus spp.） in South Brazil. Management practices to reduce these damages include supplemen- tary food offerings and plantation surveillance. To assess the efficiency of these techniques, four treatments were evaluated： feeding （F, with supplementary bananas and maize）, surveillance （S, in situ, wherein men patrolled the plantations, deterring the monkeys）, feeding ＋ surveillance （FS） and control （no procedures） （C）. The efficiency assessment of each treatment involved the number of recorded primate sightings in the treatments with the presence of guards （S and FS） and a damage inventory of the outskirts of the experimental points immediately before and after the experiment. These data were complemented by a simulta- neous study of the availability of fruit, the primary item in the diet of this primate species, in the remnant native forest in the study area. Most sightings of S. nigritus occurred early in the morning, and in general, sightings were inversely proportional to the availability of native fruits. This trend was most evident in treatment FS, most likely due to the presence of food. Treatments F and FS exhibited higher percentages of damage, indicating that these are inefficient management techniques. Treatment S exhi- bited the lowest damage rate, but at a high cost, making this technique difficult to apply over large expanses. The development of other management techniques, such as environmental enrichment and the use of deterrents, is recommended to minimize the damage caused by capuchins in forest plantations [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 581-590, 2014].