基于时间驱动的FMS工件流智能调度方法及其应用

针对柔性制造系统生产中的产品批次多、每批次数量较少的一类生产特征,分析了贯穿于FMS生产过程各个环节的时间因素特性以及遗传算法在FMS调度过程的适用性及方法,通过分析论述FMS生产过程时间优化的研究成果,提出了一种基于时间驱动FMS工件流进程并借助遗传算法进行工件流调度方案优化的方法,以双工位工作台、连续工况以及随机的初始状态等为条件,验证了这种方法在FMS工件流调度中的应用效果。

基于双重遗传算法的工件流与刀具流综合调度优化

为解决柔性制造系统中工件流与刀具流并存情况下的调度优化问题,以用完成时间最短为目标,建立了工件流-刀具流综合调度数学模型,提出了双重遗传算法并对模型进行优化求解.外层遗传优化求解可行工序加工序列,内层遗传优化进行最优可行刀具分派方案的搜索,搜索结果的适应度则作为外层优化解的评判标准.实例分析结果表明:双重遗传算法在取得各工件优化排序的同时,还获取了各类刀具的优化分派,与传统的规则调度相比,系统的完工时间及等刀时间分别减少了19.7%和20.4%.

考虑刀具流的Job Shop动态调度的研究

在基于虚拟工序队列技术的基础上,从工件流和刀具流的辩证关系出发,建立了二者的调度模型,提出了一种新的决策点确定方法,给出了刀具外借量最小规则,解决了动态调度中何时选择以及如何选择工件等关键问题,取得了较好的系统性能。

考虑运输的柔性流水车间多处理器任务调度的混合遗传优化算法

多处理器任务调度在制造业有着较广泛的应用,为了解决实际柔性流水车间环境下的多处理器任务调度优化问题,研究了考虑运输时间和释放时间的多阶段柔性流水车间多处理器任务调度问题,该问题为NP-hard问题,以最小化最大完工时间为目标建立了柔性流水车间多处理器任务调度整数规划模型。为有效求解该问题,首先研究了工件加工机器流生成机制、单工件加工机器流矩阵编码方案和批量工件加工机器流编码方案。进而设计了基于机器空闲随机筛选的工件安排机制,产生该规划的初始解生成方法,以最小化最大完工时间原则进行新解筛选。然后构建基于工件顺序与加工机器流同步交叉的新解更新过程、基于工件顺序与加工机器流同步变异的新解调整过程,并利用迭代贪婪算法完成调整和重建操作,产生全新方案以改善求解质量,最终形成结合迭代贪婪算法的混合遗传融合优化策略。仿真实验利用解的下界得出偏差百分比,分别用遗传算法、迭代贪婪算法和混合遗传融合优化算法对不同规模的问题进行测试,结果表明,混合遗传融合优化算法能够获得较好的近优解。

FMS动态调度仿真模型的研究

提出一种用分级思想对柔性制造系统中机床故障进行处理的新方法,运用面向对象技术和高级Petri网,建立了一个含故障处理的柔性制造系统动态调度仿真模型,该模型层次分明,故障处理流程十分简洁.提出刀具预准备思想,使得刀具准备时间与机床加工时间充分重叠,并为工件流-刀具流综合系统中实时的刀具分配提供了解决途径,在该思想基础上进一步建立了刀具流调度的数学模型和含刀具流的柔性制造系统仿真模型.仿真模型较好地反映了系统的运行情况.

类柔性形状沉积制造系统构成设备的结构特性

基于类柔性形状沉积制造系统的概念,把形状沉积制造各工序看作独立制造单元,通过工件物流系统把各制造单元有机地联系起来。在提出的类柔性形状沉积制造系统总体结构的基础上,详细讨论了材料沉积构成设备和工件物流装置在该系统中应具有的结构特点及工作方式,并描述了它们的工作过程。这些研究为形成具体的类柔性形状沉积制造系统奠定了基础。

我国自行研制的第一个柔性制造实验系统

文章在简要介绍了我国自行研制开发的第一个柔性制造实验系统——BQ—FES的总体布局的基础上,着重就其物流系统为输送型式、运输设备、工件流系统、刀具流系统等做了详细的介绍。

Studies on preparations and analysis of essential oil from Chinese fir

Three steam distillation devices (D-1, D-2 and D-4) or one simultaneous distillation (D-3, water-diethyl ether) as well as the process of CO2-SFE (Supercritical fluid extraction) were adopted in extraction of essential oils from Chinese-fir (Cunninghamia lancedata (Lamb) Hook.) and the chemical components of the extracted essential oil were analyzed by Gas chromatograph-MS analyses. The results showed that the essential oil could be almost extracted out within 2 hours and the device-3 had the highest extraction efficiency. The major chemical component of the oil was cedrol. The yield of the extracted essential oils from Chinese fir decreased gradually with the increase of the distillation time. The best condition for extraction by means of CO2-SFE is 100 kg·cm?2 in pressure and 40°C in temperature for. Keywords Chinese fir - Essential oil - Cedrol - Supercritical fluid extraction CLC number S781.4 Document code A Foundation item: This paper was support by the Key Foundation Research Project (G1999016001) of China and the Japan International Cooperation AgencyBiography: HUANG Luo-hua (1957-), male, Research associate, Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. ChinaResponsible editor: Song Funan

Numerical simulation and experimental study for rheo-forged component using direct and indirect die system

Sand casting and die casting processes have been used widely for complex automotive products such as knuckle, arm, etc.Usually, a part fabricated by casting has limited strength due to manufacturing defects such as the dendrite structure, segregation and porosities.As an attempt to offer a solution to these problems, forging has been used as an alternative process.However, the forging process provides limited formability for complex shape products.Rheo-forging of metal offers not only superior mechanical strength but also requires significantly lower machine loads than solid forming processes.In order to produce semi-solid materials of the desired microstructure, a stirring process is applied during solidification of molten metal.The results of an A356 aluminum alloy sample, which are obtained by experiment and by simulation using DEFORM 3D, are present.

Effect of plunger number on hydraulic transformer's flow pulsation rate

In order to supply theoretical guidance to hydraulic transformer's design and application,the effect of the number of plungers in hydraulic transformer on its flow characteristic is analyzed,theoretical analysis and simulation are done on hydraulic transformer's flow characteristic when the number of plungers is different.Based on the working principle of swash plate piston hydraulic components,mathematical models of instantaneous flow and flow pulsation rate are built,and simulation study is done with MATLAB.As a result,the effect is found,and some conclusions worth referring to are obtained.

Performance and Economic Analysis of Mulberry Paper Handmade Dryer by Using Downdraft Gasifier

The mulberry paper handmade dryer uses downdraft gasifier, which is a continuous hot air dryer. The downdraft gasifier uses charcoal or wood chip as fuel to produce the producer gas for a dryer heat source. Two steps operation of a dryer as follows： The frst was to reduce mulberry paper pulp moisture by an air vacuum pump; the second was a continuous hot air drying process. The optimum condition drying, the capacity of dryer, the fuel consumption, the drying constant （k） and economics analysis were investigated. It was found that the first step could be to reduce mulberry paper pulp moisture content about 25% and the suitable condition drying was 80 ~C drying temperature, 0.04 kg/s air mass flow rate and 0.29 m/min chain conveyor speed, respectively. The capacity of this dryer was 20 sheets per hour. The quality of mulberry paper product was very good （based on the standard of mulberry paper community 41/2546） and the fuel consumption rate was 5 kg/h （charcoal）. The drying constant was about 0.532933-0.541367 min~ and the drying constant was a function of drying temperature （T）, air mass flow rate （F） and conveyor speed （10 as equation of k（T, F, V） = 0.567494 ＋ 0.000422T- 1.40588F- 0.000205 V （R2 = 0.9254） and the breakeven point of dryer was 0.79 years.

The Preparation of 2-Chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine in an Airlift Loop Reactor

A new process for the direct chlorination of 2-chloro-5-methylpyridine to yield 2-chloro-5-chloro-methylpyridine in an airlift loop reactor (ALR) has been studied. Five main reaction conditions including TR, na/ns, cp, Qg and dD/dR were optimized. The average molar yield and purity of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine obtained were 79% and 98.5% respectively under the optimum operating conditions. Finally, the efficiency for the preparation of 2-chloro-5-chloromethylpyridine with ALR and stirred tank reactor (STR) respectively was compared.

Numerical modeling of hydrodynamic changes due to coastal reclamation projects in Xiamen Bay,China

Xiamen Bay in South China has experienced extensive coastal exploitation since the 1950s,resulting in some severe environmental problems.Local authorities now have completed or are implementing many environmental restoration projects.Evaluating the cumulative impact of exploitation and restoration activities on the environment is a complicated multi-disciplinary problem.However,hydrodynamic changes in the bay caused by such coastal projects can be characterized directly and definitively through numerical modeling.This paper assesses the cumulative effect of coastal projects on the hydrodynamic setting using a high-resolution numerical modeling method that makes use of tidal current speeds and the tidal prism as two hydrodynamic indices.Changes in tidal velocity and the characteristics of the tidal prism show that hydrodynamic conditions have declined from 1938 to 2007 in the full-tide area.The tidal current speed and tidal prism have decreased by 40% in the western part of the bay and 20% in the eastern part of the bay.Because of the linear relationship between tidal prism and area,the degraded hydrodynamic conditions are anticipated to be restored to 1972 levels following the completion of current and proposed restoration projects,i.e.33% and 15% decrease in the hydrodynamic conditions of 1938 for the western and eastern parts of the bay,respectively.The results indicate that hydrodynamic conditions can be restored to some extent with the implementation of a sustainable coastal development plan,although a full reversal of conditions is not possible.To fully assess the environmental changes in a region,more indices,e.g.,water quality and ecosystem parameters,should be considered in future evaluations.

Optimization of Spray Drying Processing Technology of Mulberry Powder

With concentrated juice of mulberry as raw material, the influence of type and dosage of dry aid, the inlet air tempera- ture, inlet flow rate, and rotating speed on spray drying was studied. The spray drying processing conditions of mulberry pow- der were optimized by the L9 （3^4） orthogonal test on the basis of single factor experiment. The results showed that optimum technical parameters to produce mulberry powder were： lS-cyclodextrin as dry aids with dosage of 30%, inlet air temperature of 180 ℃, rotating speed of 18 000 r/min and inlet flow rate of 30 mL/min. The mulberry powder under this optimum process conditions had a loose structure and bright color, fruity flavor was rich, the anthocyanin content for 54.67 mg/g, moisture content for 5.6% and sensory scores for 83.

Software Defined Traffic Engineering for Improving Quality of Service

The Software Defined Networking(SDN) paradigm separates the control plane from the packet forwarding plane, and provides applications with a centralized view of the distributed network state. Thanks to the flexibility and efficiency of the traffic flow management, SDN based traffic engineering increases network utilization and improves Quality of Service(QoS). In this paper, an SDN based traffic scheduling algorithm called CATS is proposed to detect and control congestions in real time. In particular, a new concept of aggregated elephant flow is presented. And then a traffic scheduling optimization model is formulated with the goal of minimizing the variance of link utilization and improving QoS. We develop a chaos genetic algorithm to solve this NP-hard problem. At the end of this paper, we use Mininet, Floodlight and video traces to simulate the SDN enabled video networking. We simulate both the case of live video streaming in the wide area backbone network and the case of video file transferring among data centers. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm CATS effectively eliminates network congestions in subsecond. In consequence, CATS improves the QoS with lower packet loss rate and balanced link utilization.

Bubble Pump Models Verification Based on the Experimental Results

DAR （diffusion absorption refrigeration） cycle is driven by heat and has no moving parts. It is based on refrigerant and absorbent as the working fluid together with hydrogen as an auxiliary inert gas. To circulate the working fluid without a mechanical pump, the diffusion absorption cycle relies on a bubble pump. Experimental system was designed and operated. Its aim was to investigate the performance of a bubble pump operating with three lifting tubes. The experimental results of the system were compared to existing models. The comparison showed that there was a bad agreement between the experimental and the theoretical results.

Engineering geological conditions and features of geologic hazards in Wudongde reservoir of Jinshajiang River valley

There is a great difference between the distribution and evolvement characteristics of slope geological hazard in the same geographical location and climatic conditions,taking the similar structural-genetic connection in Wudongde reservoir area of Jinshajiang River valley for example. In all engineering geological conditions,the chronologic age and attitude of strata,and the lithologic association factors control the distributions and evolvement characteristics of slope geological hazard in the studied area. The study shows that the slopes in geological evolution are in different stages. The conclusion helps to understand the types and the intensity of geological disasters.

Boosting Collaborative Project Alignment

Managing a large-scale distributed engineering project needs skilled, motivated and committed personnel. Unified and aligned working methods are needed. Project alignment is the process of ensuring that key stakeholders share a common understanding of the project mission, goals, objectives, tactics, work processes and plans and have the required competences and skills. Based on current advances in the area of collaborative networked organizations, project management and Internet web 2.0 technologies, the authors have identified further needs and opportunities for development in the area of Collaborative Project Management. The Project Alignment Booster is a set of software services used to promote collaborative project management. The tool has been developed to suit industrial requirements in the area of large and complicated engineering project management, The paper reports the results of developing a toolkit to support collaborative project alignment.

Fluid Flow Characteristics in Micro-Pump with the Aid of Peltier Devices and Thermal Expansion Material

Experimental study is performed to design and develop a cylindrical micro-pump driven by expansion and contraction of the heat deformation material, whose variation is caused with the aid of heating and cooling properties of Peltier devices. The pump consists of the diffuser valve unit, the heat deformation material unit, the nozzle valve unit, the Peltier devices and the cover. The input current of the Peltier devices is controlled by the bipolar power supply so that the Peltier devices are heated and cooled periodically. The working fluid flow in the micro-pump is caused by the periodical thermal deformation of material which is caused by the periodical heating and cooling of the Peltier devices. In order to measure the fluid flow in the micro-pump, micro air bubbles are employed as a tracer. The corresponding movement is recorded by X-ray apparatus and its velocity is measured by PIV （particle image velocimetry）. It is found that, the micro-pump developed here can make the working fluid flow. The corresponding fluid flow in the micro pump is confirmed by the numerical method.

An Experimental Investigation on the Confined and Elongated Bubbles in Subcooled Flow Boiling in a Single Microchannel

The characteristics of the confined bubble and elongated bubble in subcooled flow boiling in a single horizontal rectangular microchannel with hydraulic diameter Dh=1mm are studied experimentally. The channel with 1 ×1mm cross section is fabricated in a thin copper plate whose confinement number is Co=2.8 and the degassed deionized water is used as the working fluid. Visualization on the confined and elongated bubbles inside the microchannel is carded out by employing a high-speed CCD camera with a rnicrolens. The recorded images are carefully analyzed to illustrate the behaviors of the confinement and elongation processes of the bubble. The boiling number is used as an adjustable parameter to regulate the operating conditions which is eventually found to take a vital role in the bubble elongation process. Two formation patterns of the confined and elongated bubble are identified and the interactions between the neighboring confined and elongated bubbles are elucidated.