To ensure the effectiveness of the operation of artificial precipitation enhancement, a potential region for the operation should be determined in advance.As cloud microphysical measurements needed for the determinati...To ensure the effectiveness of the operation of artificial precipitation enhancement, a potential region for the operation should be determined in advance.As cloud microphysical measurements needed for the determination of the potential region of cloud seeding are not available before the operation of routine precipitation enhancement, a new method based on the growth process of ice crystal is put forward for determining the potential region using the numerical weather prediction model output.The ice supersaturation, accumulated water vapor within minus temperature layer (≥9 mm), and upward water vapor transportation are adopted as criteria to determine the potential time, height and region of cloud seeding, and the real-time radar images are applied to make decisions on the seeding commanding.The criteria and Doppler radar images are studied in a case of precipitation enhancement characterized by significant water vapor supply from the north part of a tropical cyclone in the northwest Pacific, which shows that the ocean plays a crucial role in the advection transportation of water vapor to the potential region of the coastal area.The study presents a new method to determine the potential region of precipitation enhancement using macro-physical quantities under ice crystal growth environment.The method possesses a clear physical significance and can be readily applied with the required and easily predicted parameters.展开更多
This paper explores Batho Pele principles within the ambit of the South African legislative framework regularizing the public service. It informs that there are original principles apprising what is commonly referred ...This paper explores Batho Pele principles within the ambit of the South African legislative framework regularizing the public service. It informs that there are original principles apprising what is commonly referred to as Batho Pele principles. The original principles are principles about Batho Pele principles. Batho Pele principles are not Bantu principles due to the historical and derogatory orientation of the phrase ＂Bantu＂. They are people orientated principles. The analytical axis is premised on that Batho Pele principles are more about the people than about themselves. The people are not only first in relation with the principles but are the first to be first before the principles were documented. The principles are developed by the people in order to regularize the actions of the public functionaries. The Batho Pele principles and the original principles do not exist in isolation. They are deeply rooted in the societal value systems of the people that existed from one generation to the other to the subsequent, emphasizing the centrality of people in relation to principles. The people＇s centrality is accentuated with references to a reasonable number of specific people orientated instruments that have bearing in the global and international arena.展开更多
Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. R...Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. Rights-based approach to journalism in Turkey is a pretty new field of study for the researchers who study media. The examples of rights-based journalism appeared further especially in European Union membership process. Thus, the news that are sensitive to rights have found a broader place in media. In the process of E.U. membership, Turkey was required to carry out some regulations that target the betterment of human rights, women＇s rights, children＇s rights and minority rights. Making news from a rights-based perspective is an action for the announcement of people＇s struggle for their rights to the public with the aim of preventing the violations of rights.展开更多
基金the support from the Meteoro-logical Science and Technology Research Project (2009-sdqz05),Shandong Meteorological Bureau
文摘To ensure the effectiveness of the operation of artificial precipitation enhancement, a potential region for the operation should be determined in advance.As cloud microphysical measurements needed for the determination of the potential region of cloud seeding are not available before the operation of routine precipitation enhancement, a new method based on the growth process of ice crystal is put forward for determining the potential region using the numerical weather prediction model output.The ice supersaturation, accumulated water vapor within minus temperature layer (≥9 mm), and upward water vapor transportation are adopted as criteria to determine the potential time, height and region of cloud seeding, and the real-time radar images are applied to make decisions on the seeding commanding.The criteria and Doppler radar images are studied in a case of precipitation enhancement characterized by significant water vapor supply from the north part of a tropical cyclone in the northwest Pacific, which shows that the ocean plays a crucial role in the advection transportation of water vapor to the potential region of the coastal area.The study presents a new method to determine the potential region of precipitation enhancement using macro-physical quantities under ice crystal growth environment.The method possesses a clear physical significance and can be readily applied with the required and easily predicted parameters.
文摘This paper explores Batho Pele principles within the ambit of the South African legislative framework regularizing the public service. It informs that there are original principles apprising what is commonly referred to as Batho Pele principles. The original principles are principles about Batho Pele principles. Batho Pele principles are not Bantu principles due to the historical and derogatory orientation of the phrase ＂Bantu＂. They are people orientated principles. The analytical axis is premised on that Batho Pele principles are more about the people than about themselves. The people are not only first in relation with the principles but are the first to be first before the principles were documented. The principles are developed by the people in order to regularize the actions of the public functionaries. The Batho Pele principles and the original principles do not exist in isolation. They are deeply rooted in the societal value systems of the people that existed from one generation to the other to the subsequent, emphasizing the centrality of people in relation to principles. The people＇s centrality is accentuated with references to a reasonable number of specific people orientated instruments that have bearing in the global and international arena.
文摘Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. Rights-based approach to journalism in Turkey is a pretty new field of study for the researchers who study media. The examples of rights-based journalism appeared further especially in European Union membership process. Thus, the news that are sensitive to rights have found a broader place in media. In the process of E.U. membership, Turkey was required to carry out some regulations that target the betterment of human rights, women＇s rights, children＇s rights and minority rights. Making news from a rights-based perspective is an action for the announcement of people＇s struggle for their rights to the public with the aim of preventing the violations of rights.
