The interactive task allocation process between workflow management system（WFMS） and resources in real bussiness is analyzed. A series of fundamental workflow resource allocation patterns （WRAPs） are identified. T...The interactive task allocation process between workflow management system（WFMS） and resources in real bussiness is analyzed. A series of fundamental workflow resource allocation patterns （WRAPs） are identified. These patterns provide the basis for the design of the more adaptive workflow system. A WRAP framework is proposed to provide a referenced classification system for further pattern extensions.展开更多
This article analyzes the application of co-management in establishing and zoning nature reserves, explains two types of participatory models, explains the main content and steps required to implement a co-management ...This article analyzes the application of co-management in establishing and zoning nature reserves, explains two types of participatory models, explains the main content and steps required to implement a co-management program, and suggests future direction of co-management. In China, great progress has been achieved since 1956 when the first nature reserve was established. However, conflicts between nature reserve officials and community members, and differences be-tween conservation and utilization of natural resources suggest that the traditional community affair model is unfit to some de-gree. A more workable and economically sustainable model is recommended. Co-management appears to be the preferred management model. International conservation organizations have carried out projects in Chinese nature reserves in recent years, and co-management is thought to be an effective approach to resolve conflicts coming from community and to improve nature reserves management.展开更多
The informationization of accounting information systems has brought many improvements to those systems. This paper highlights some of those significant advances in the informationization of accounting information sys...The informationization of accounting information systems has brought many improvements to those systems. This paper highlights some of those significant advances in the informationization of accounting information systems in China. As China has become a major industrial power in the international economy, further improvements for these information systems are critical to the continued successes of China. To additionally improve these systems, China can draw upon the systems from other world economic leaders. With its fully developed capital markets, the United States offers development experience for the external reporting components of a fully integrated information system. This paper discusses a typical integrated information system in the United States and addresses the regulatory milestones that were instrumental in the development of those external components of accounting information systems. Recommendations are presented for improving informationization of systems in China based on U.S. systems＇ responses to those milestones.展开更多
The audit expectation gap is critical to the auditing profession because the greater the unfulfilled expectations from the public, the lower is the credibility, earning potential and prestige associated with the work...The audit expectation gap is critical to the auditing profession because the greater the unfulfilled expectations from the public, the lower is the credibility, earning potential and prestige associated with the work of auditors. The aim of this paper is to uncover the causes of an audit expectation gap. It is revealed that the existence of an audit expectation gap is due to complicated nature of an audit function; conflicting role of auditors; retrospective evaluation of auditors＇ performance; time lag in responding to changing expectation; and self-regulation process of the auditing profession.展开更多
The food standardization statusquo and development trend of developedcountries,such as the U.S.,Canada,Japan,etc.are analyzed and researched in this paper.Some practical and effective measuresthat should be taken in t...The food standardization statusquo and development trend of developedcountries,such as the U.S.,Canada,Japan,etc.are analyzed and researched in this paper.Some practical and effective measuresthat should be taken in the food standardizationof China are advised to promote the expeditiousdevelopment of China's food standardization,to improve food quality and safetyand to increase the international competitionof food industry in China.展开更多
Based on a thorough review, this paper points out that there is still two types of problems in the newly formulated China Accounting Standards 2006 （CAS 2006） which were enacted on Jan. 1, 2007. The first type is th...Based on a thorough review, this paper points out that there is still two types of problems in the newly formulated China Accounting Standards 2006 （CAS 2006） which were enacted on Jan. 1, 2007. The first type is that some economic events have been accounted for incorrectly, and the second is confusion and misunderstanding have been caused in the practical world when some guidelines of CAS 2006 are carded out to converge to the International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS）. In my opinion, it is a great leap to establish a set of accounting standards that harmonize with the IFRS, but China＇s accounting reform is a continuously improving process. During the process, the accounting standards setting departments shoulder heavy burden, face a dilemma, and meet some challenges. After all, China＇s accounting reform will be a long way.展开更多
The Outline of National Intellectual Property Strategy has brought opportunitiesand challenges for standardization in China.On the basis of analysis on international trends regardinginclusion of intellectual property ...The Outline of National Intellectual Property Strategy has brought opportunitiesand challenges for standardization in China.On the basis of analysis on international trends regardinginclusion of intellectual property rights in standards,this paper reviews achievements incombination of standardization and intellectual property in Jiangsu over recent years,andmakes some suggestions for future work.展开更多
The development and popularization of information technology, the automation of information management mode has become inevitable, such as secretarial work and document file management. For this reason, clerical, cler...The development and popularization of information technology, the automation of information management mode has become inevitable, such as secretarial work and document file management. For this reason, clerical, clerical archives management will also face greater challenges, to achieve the above two kinds of work integration, to improve work efficiency is essential.展开更多
Human resource is the core of organizational development resources, the organization＇s competition more embodied in the talent competition. Pay as one of the important means of incentive talents, plays an important r...Human resource is the core of organizational development resources, the organization＇s competition more embodied in the talent competition. Pay as one of the important means of incentive talents, plays an important role in talent organization plan. Compensation management has become the core content of enterprise human resources management, compensation mode is about employee compensation management to study and the trend of the style, it provides reference for compensation managers implement compensation management activity basic paradigm or frame type style. Different modes of compensation, conveys the organization of different development direction, in determining job satisfaction, stimulate staff＇s work motivation, plays an important role in the enhancement enterprise cohesion, etc. This article through to the state-owned enterprise and private enterprise specific comparison on the differences of two compensation modes, to explore the adaptability of different mode of enterprise, for other enterprises to provide reference for reasonable and effective compensation system.展开更多
China has a long tradition of cadre education and training （CET） , which has developed to be a particular Chinese way of executive development highlighting rigorbus and systematic organization by the Chinese Communi...China has a long tradition of cadre education and training （CET） , which has developed to be a particular Chinese way of executive development highlighting rigorbus and systematic organization by the Chinese Communist Party （CCP） and a dual emphasis on political-ideological work and knowledge-capacity building. This paper offers an overview of the historical development of CET, and generalizes its managing system, training system, targeted cadres, training contents and institutionalization. The functions of CET are classified as formal including political （re-） engineering and capacity and knowledge building, and informal including collective identity and social connections. The Shanghai Municipal Committee Party School is further studied regarding its educational programs, especially the planned programs, contents of training, trainers, financing, and quality assurance. It is argued that in response to challenges in an era of globalization, CET has worked both to consolidate the political authority of the CCP and enhance governmental officials＇ awareness and knowledge of governing issues and their problem-solving capacities. As a result CET itself has been undergoing continuous adjustments.展开更多
文摘The interactive task allocation process between workflow management system（WFMS） and resources in real bussiness is analyzed. A series of fundamental workflow resource allocation patterns （WRAPs） are identified. These patterns provide the basis for the design of the more adaptive workflow system. A WRAP framework is proposed to provide a referenced classification system for further pattern extensions.
文摘This article analyzes the application of co-management in establishing and zoning nature reserves, explains two types of participatory models, explains the main content and steps required to implement a co-management program, and suggests future direction of co-management. In China, great progress has been achieved since 1956 when the first nature reserve was established. However, conflicts between nature reserve officials and community members, and differences be-tween conservation and utilization of natural resources suggest that the traditional community affair model is unfit to some de-gree. A more workable and economically sustainable model is recommended. Co-management appears to be the preferred management model. International conservation organizations have carried out projects in Chinese nature reserves in recent years, and co-management is thought to be an effective approach to resolve conflicts coming from community and to improve nature reserves management.
文摘The informationization of accounting information systems has brought many improvements to those systems. This paper highlights some of those significant advances in the informationization of accounting information systems in China. As China has become a major industrial power in the international economy, further improvements for these information systems are critical to the continued successes of China. To additionally improve these systems, China can draw upon the systems from other world economic leaders. With its fully developed capital markets, the United States offers development experience for the external reporting components of a fully integrated information system. This paper discusses a typical integrated information system in the United States and addresses the regulatory milestones that were instrumental in the development of those external components of accounting information systems. Recommendations are presented for improving informationization of systems in China based on U.S. systems＇ responses to those milestones.
文摘The audit expectation gap is critical to the auditing profession because the greater the unfulfilled expectations from the public, the lower is the credibility, earning potential and prestige associated with the work of auditors. The aim of this paper is to uncover the causes of an audit expectation gap. It is revealed that the existence of an audit expectation gap is due to complicated nature of an audit function; conflicting role of auditors; retrospective evaluation of auditors＇ performance; time lag in responding to changing expectation; and self-regulation process of the auditing profession.
文摘The food standardization statusquo and development trend of developedcountries,such as the U.S.,Canada,Japan,etc.are analyzed and researched in this paper.Some practical and effective measuresthat should be taken in the food standardizationof China are advised to promote the expeditiousdevelopment of China's food standardization,to improve food quality and safetyand to increase the international competitionof food industry in China.
文摘Based on a thorough review, this paper points out that there is still two types of problems in the newly formulated China Accounting Standards 2006 （CAS 2006） which were enacted on Jan. 1, 2007. The first type is that some economic events have been accounted for incorrectly, and the second is confusion and misunderstanding have been caused in the practical world when some guidelines of CAS 2006 are carded out to converge to the International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS）. In my opinion, it is a great leap to establish a set of accounting standards that harmonize with the IFRS, but China＇s accounting reform is a continuously improving process. During the process, the accounting standards setting departments shoulder heavy burden, face a dilemma, and meet some challenges. After all, China＇s accounting reform will be a long way.
文摘The Outline of National Intellectual Property Strategy has brought opportunitiesand challenges for standardization in China.On the basis of analysis on international trends regardinginclusion of intellectual property rights in standards,this paper reviews achievements incombination of standardization and intellectual property in Jiangsu over recent years,andmakes some suggestions for future work.
文摘The development and popularization of information technology, the automation of information management mode has become inevitable, such as secretarial work and document file management. For this reason, clerical, clerical archives management will also face greater challenges, to achieve the above two kinds of work integration, to improve work efficiency is essential.
文摘Human resource is the core of organizational development resources, the organization＇s competition more embodied in the talent competition. Pay as one of the important means of incentive talents, plays an important role in talent organization plan. Compensation management has become the core content of enterprise human resources management, compensation mode is about employee compensation management to study and the trend of the style, it provides reference for compensation managers implement compensation management activity basic paradigm or frame type style. Different modes of compensation, conveys the organization of different development direction, in determining job satisfaction, stimulate staff＇s work motivation, plays an important role in the enhancement enterprise cohesion, etc. This article through to the state-owned enterprise and private enterprise specific comparison on the differences of two compensation modes, to explore the adaptability of different mode of enterprise, for other enterprises to provide reference for reasonable and effective compensation system.
文摘China has a long tradition of cadre education and training （CET） , which has developed to be a particular Chinese way of executive development highlighting rigorbus and systematic organization by the Chinese Communist Party （CCP） and a dual emphasis on political-ideological work and knowledge-capacity building. This paper offers an overview of the historical development of CET, and generalizes its managing system, training system, targeted cadres, training contents and institutionalization. The functions of CET are classified as formal including political （re-） engineering and capacity and knowledge building, and informal including collective identity and social connections. The Shanghai Municipal Committee Party School is further studied regarding its educational programs, especially the planned programs, contents of training, trainers, financing, and quality assurance. It is argued that in response to challenges in an era of globalization, CET has worked both to consolidate the political authority of the CCP and enhance governmental officials＇ awareness and knowledge of governing issues and their problem-solving capacities. As a result CET itself has been undergoing continuous adjustments.
