The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper...The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper presents a new approach to rank the alternatives by G1-coefficient of variation method.The focus of this approach is the use of the combination weighing,which is able to compensate for the deficiencies in the method of evaluation index single weighing.In the case study,an appropriate evaluation index system was established to determine the evaluation value of each ventilation mode.Then the proposed approach was used to select the best development face ventilation mode.The result shows that the proposed approach is able to rank the alternative development face ventilation mode reasonably,the combination weighing method had the advantages of both subjective and objective weighing methods in that it took into consideration of both the experience and wisdom of experts,and the new changes in objective conditions.This approach provides a more reasonable and reliable procedure to analyse and evaluate different ventilation modes.展开更多
In order to control the dust pollution produced by air leg rock drill in the trolley area during the excavation of long-distance single ended tunnel,the full-scale physical model of working face was established by usi...In order to control the dust pollution produced by air leg rock drill in the trolley area during the excavation of long-distance single ended tunnel,the full-scale physical model of working face was established by using FLUENT software,and the numerical simulation analysis of tunnel drilling ventilation and dust removal parameters was carried out.The results show that it is difficult to control the dust pollution of the face by conventional ventilation,and the drilling dust is distributed in the range of 10 m from the face;after the introduction of the long pressure and short suction ventilation scheme,when the ratio of compressed air volume to exhaust air volume is 0.72,the height of the pressure fan is 2.5 m,the distance between the pressure fan and the palm face is 20 m,and the exhaust fan is 12 m away from the palm,the dust concentration control efficiency of the working face is increased by about 60%.Therefore,in the similar long-distance single head tunnel construction,it is appropriate to adopt the dust removal method of long-distance short suction and exhaust fan to ensure the working environment.展开更多
A relatively perfect coalmine fire risk-evaluating and order-arranging model that includes sixteen influential factors was established according to the statistical information of the fully mechanized coalface ground o...A relatively perfect coalmine fire risk-evaluating and order-arranging model that includes sixteen influential factors was established according to the statistical information of the fully mechanized coalface ground on the uncertainty measure theory. Then the single-index measure function of sixteen influential factors and the calculation method of computing the index weight ground on entropy theory were respectively established. The value assignment of sixteen influential factors was carried out by the qualitative analysis and observational data, respectively, in succession. The sequence of fire danger class of four experimental coalfaces could be obtained by the computational aids of Matlab according to the confidence level criterion. Some conclusions that the fire danger class of the No.l, No.2 and No.3 coalface belongs to high criticality can be obtained. But the fire danger class of the No.4 coalface belongs to higher criticality. The fire danger class of the No.4 coalface is more than that of the No.2 coalface. The fire danger class of the No.2 coalface is more than that of the No.1 coalface. Finally, the fire danger class of the No.1 coalface is more than that of the No.3 coalface.展开更多
This paper sets up a mathematical model of switching network and switching function by utilizing graph theory to describe the logical function of different paths.The function varies with open and closed states of air ...This paper sets up a mathematical model of switching network and switching function by utilizing graph theory to describe the logical function of different paths.The function varies with open and closed states of air doors in a complex mine air sub network, and the computer program for solving the switching function of complex networks are offered. It gives the method for discriminating a reversible branch in a complex network by means of the switching function, and the method of counter inverted logical control of airflow inversion by means of open and short circuit conversion of key branches. The research has solved the problem of the stablization of air flow for normal ventination and reversing ventination in a diagonal network.展开更多
The distributions of strata rock temperature around a driving head with auxil- iary ventilation were analyzed theoretically based on a program which was developed by the authors to predict the thermal environmental co...The distributions of strata rock temperature around a driving head with auxil- iary ventilation were analyzed theoretically based on a program which was developed by the authors to predict the thermal environmental conditions in a development heading with forcing auxiliary ventilation. The influences of wetness of the airway surface were dis- cussed on the cooled zone of the strata rock and on the temperature distribution in the surrounding rock. It is shown that the advancing speed and driving time have little influ- ence on the temperature profile in front of the working face of a driving airway, and the rock temperature 1.5 m ahead of the working face can be taken as the virgin rock tem- perature.展开更多
In underground constructions, a good ventilation design not only delivers fresh air to establish good working environment, but also provides a scientific and reliable basis to prevent disasters. In emergency cases, un...In underground constructions, a good ventilation design not only delivers fresh air to establish good working environment, but also provides a scientific and reliable basis to prevent disasters. In emergency cases, unexpected closure of the main airways may occur, providing the workers with alternative airways is substantial. This is important not only to sustain personnel lives, but also to prevent the mine ventilation system from damage. In this research, alternate solutions were introduced in case of failure in the underground construction to keep a pre-assigned fixed quantity in a working place for mine ventilation network. Eight different collapse scenarios were proposed to study their effect on the air quantity distribution among the branches in the ventilation circuit. From these scenarios, it is found that providing a sufficient air quantity in the working places could be achieved through modification of the network topology and adjusting the values of the regulators pressure. It is also indicated that the distance between the collapse and working places has a great effect on the amount of air delivered to it. A reduction in the power consumption could be done by re-arrange the installed regulators and decreasing the number of nodes and branches inside the network. A relationship representing the effect of changing the network topology on the total network power consumption was deduced through regression analysis. It is found that the total network power is quadratic dependent on the number of regulators and number of branches while it is directly dependent on the regulator power.展开更多
This study applied the numerical simulator tool FDS (fire dynamics simulator), Version 5.53, and focused on the simulation of the natural smoke flow ventilation design system, an innovative ventilation design using ...This study applied the numerical simulator tool FDS (fire dynamics simulator), Version 5.53, and focused on the simulation of the natural smoke flow ventilation design system, an innovative ventilation design using the parallel processing technology MPI (message passing interface). The design was then compared with the exhaust efficiency of a typical natural smoke vent. The natural smoke flow ventilation design system was located at the top of the factory, where smoke streams effectively converged. Therefore, the source of fire was designed to be 2 MW, which has a better exhaust efficiency than typical natural smoke vent with same area. The simulation discovered that the exhaust efficiency of the natural smoke ventilation design systems is higher than that of typical natural smoke vent with 2 times the opening area and that was not affected by external wind speed, Instead, external wind speed can help to enhance the exhaust efficiency. Smoke exhaust of typical natural smoke vents was affected by external wind speed, even leading them to become air inlets which would disturb the flow of air indoors, leading to smoke accumulation within the factory.展开更多
Based on the theory of air supply jet, the conception and theory of the air quality and the drain contamination efficiency, the results achieved by comparing the circular cross section wall jet with the plane wall jet...Based on the theory of air supply jet, the conception and theory of the air quality and the drain contamination efficiency, the results achieved by comparing the circular cross section wall jet with the plane wall jet were following: firstly, within the limitation of the ventilation distance at the tunnel heading in a coal mine, there were a better air quality and a higher efficiency of drain contamination with application of the plane wall jet ventilation. Secondly, there was a advantage to improve the air quality of the workers breathing area with mounting the air supply outlet on the top but not on the side of the tunnel heading.展开更多
In shallow burial mining areas, abnormal CO emission and the spontaneous combustion of coal are great threats to safety production at a fully-mechanised working face. In order to prevent the CO concentration in the ai...In shallow burial mining areas, abnormal CO emission and the spontaneous combustion of coal are great threats to safety production at a fully-mechanised working face. In order to prevent the CO concentration in the air return corner from exceeding the critical limit, the paper studied the CO emission regularity and characteristics through theoretical analysis, experimental research and field observation. The results show that the main sources of CO emission were the spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf and the exhaust emissions coming from underground motorised vehicles. The effect factors of CO emission were also investigated, such as seasonal climate changes, the advancing distance and advancing speed of the working face, the number of underground motorised vehicles and some other factors. In addition to these basic analyses, the influence mechanism of each influence factor was also summarised theoretically. Finally, this study researched the distribution and change law of CO concentration in the fully-mechanised working face in two aspects: controlling the change of monitoring points and time respectively. The research results provide a theoretical basis for preventing the CO concentration from exceeding the critical limit in the air return corner and reducing the possibility of spontaneous combustion of coal. Additionally, the results also provide important theoretical and practical guidelines for protecting miners' health in modern mines featuring high production and high efficiency all over the world.展开更多
Observational data of the severe typhoon Hagupit are obtained by a 3-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer which is installed on a 100-meter-high meteorological tower located at an islet off the coast of Guangdong.The cha...Observational data of the severe typhoon Hagupit are obtained by a 3-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer which is installed on a 100-meter-high meteorological tower located at an islet off the coast of Guangdong.The characteristics of the extreme wind load parameters for offshore wind turbines under the influence of extreme winds at severe typhoon intensity are analyzed.By comparing the observed data with the results derived from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61400-1,the applicability of the methods computing extreme wind load parameters in the IEC standard are investigated under typhoon conditions.The results are as follows.(1) The changes of both the offshore extreme gust wind speeds and the extreme wind directions render a "M" shape bi-modal distribution with peak values in the eyewall region of Hagupit.(2) There are significant differences of amplitudes of the observed extreme operating gust wind speeds and extreme wind direction from the results calculated from the IEC standard.(3) The amplitudes of both the extreme operating gust wind speeds and the extreme directions exceed the upper limits of the IEC standard for three standard classes of wind turbines,and the values calculated by IEC standard are much significantly larger than the measured ones.(4) The observed extreme operating gust wind speeds are consistent with the results calculated by the IEC standard when wind turbines are under full or partial workload or cut-off conditions,although the amplitude of extreme wind directions calculated in terms of the IEC standard is larger than that of direct measurements.Measured extreme operating gust wind speeds sometimes exceed the IEC design criteria.展开更多
The incidence of violence against doctors has been increasing, both in China and worldwide. Very often we hear doctors being molested, thrashed and abused by lay public for a trivial medical malpractice or even no fau...The incidence of violence against doctors has been increasing, both in China and worldwide. Very often we hear doctors being molested, thrashed and abused by lay public for a trivial medical malpractice or even no fault of theirs. The once glittering halo of medical workers is being shredded thanks to the stressed health system and a lack of evaluation for risk of violence of the patients. Modem China sees a wide disparity between industry standards in rural and urban areas. People seeking health care service are often scared, can't get timely service and turn their anger towards those around them. To change a whole system in this giant nation is too hard a rock. Therefore, our focus is on the prompt awareness and preparation of a possible patient violence. The simplest approaches seem to be the most effective. Medical staffs should re-leam empathy on patients and be better trained on recognizing and reducing conflicts展开更多
Network spoofing attacks are very specialized attacks, and network security managers brought a severe test. In this paper, through the analysis of the ARP protocol works, it discusses ARP protocol AR P virus are two c...Network spoofing attacks are very specialized attacks, and network security managers brought a severe test. In this paper, through the analysis of the ARP protocol works, it discusses ARP protocol AR P virus are two common attacks from the IP address to the security risks that exist in the physical address resolution process, and then analyzes in detail, and then introduces the AR P Find virus source and virus removal methods, and finally putting forward effective measures to guard against AR P virus.展开更多
The construction of the good Party conduct is a great project for the Chinese Communist Party to realize its great dream and realistic pursuit. Since the reform and opening up, the four generations of the leading coll...The construction of the good Party conduct is a great project for the Chinese Communist Party to realize its great dream and realistic pursuit. Since the reform and opening up, the four generations of the leading collectives have emphasized the focus of the construction of the Party conduct from the unique perspectives, promoted the standardization of the "institutional construction", promoted the construction of the "two major issues" to be scientific, and promoted the construction of"anti-corruption and building a clean government" in detail. Since entering the new era ofXi Jinping, the new central leadership collective, on the basis of inheriting both the existing ideas and the existing achievements, puts forward the new problems of "four winds", explores the new paths, depicts the new blueprint including the ideal beliefs, the leadership power and the long effect mechanisms, and transforms them into the practical actions, to promote the construction of the new development of the Socialist Party conduct with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
On March 11, 2011, a simply unprecedented set of circumstances occurred in Northeast ]apan. Three disasters struck nearly simultaneously: a 9.0 earthquake, huge tsunami, and nuclear catastrophe. People and places wer...On March 11, 2011, a simply unprecedented set of circumstances occurred in Northeast ]apan. Three disasters struck nearly simultaneously: a 9.0 earthquake, huge tsunami, and nuclear catastrophe. People and places were forever changed. Using a series of vignettes, this paper personalized these numbers through a review of rebuilding efforts, voluntarism, consumer food impacts, and consumer behavior associated with the imperfect storm that destroyed more than 46,000 buildings, killed more than 12,000, and resulted in damages from the tsunami and earthquake alone of between 16 and 25 trillion yen. Possible implications of these results are advanced.展开更多
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, consequences and preventive measures oflPV (intimate partner violence) within the selected population in Goroka, Papua New Guinea. Quest...The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, consequences and preventive measures oflPV (intimate partner violence) within the selected population in Goroka, Papua New Guinea. Questions derived from the prevalidated scales were used to measure the IPV. Questionnaires were distributed to both men and women aged from 18 to 60. The participants were staff and students of University of Goroka, staff of the Goroka Secondary school and North Goroka Primary school, Teachers in-charges of the elementary schools in the Eastern Highlands Province and the villagers from Asaroufa and Kotuni villages. Of the 95 respondents, 78.95% were victims of IPV. Among the victims 37.33% were males and 62.67% females. The physical, sexual and psychological abuses were experienced by both men and women. The significant risk factors found to be associated with violence were young age, low education, low socioeconomic status, marital conflicts, history of abuse during childhood, and male patriarchal values. The interpersonal relationship tends to be an important factor for prevailing violence free environment within the intimate partners. Intimate partner violence is prevalent in PNG. The strongest independent predictors were the excessive drinking of alcohol and marital conflict. Preventive measures such as compulsory and free technical education for all children less than 14 years old and life skills training and violence awareness campaign for both men and women must be provided to reduce the intimate partner violence.展开更多
基金Projects(51504286,51374242)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015M572270)supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject(2015RS4004)supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Hunan Province,China
文摘The current popular methods for decision making and project optimisation in mine ventilation contain a number of deficiencies as they are solely based on either subjective knowledge or objective information.This paper presents a new approach to rank the alternatives by G1-coefficient of variation method.The focus of this approach is the use of the combination weighing,which is able to compensate for the deficiencies in the method of evaluation index single weighing.In the case study,an appropriate evaluation index system was established to determine the evaluation value of each ventilation mode.Then the proposed approach was used to select the best development face ventilation mode.The result shows that the proposed approach is able to rank the alternative development face ventilation mode reasonably,the combination weighing method had the advantages of both subjective and objective weighing methods in that it took into consideration of both the experience and wisdom of experts,and the new changes in objective conditions.This approach provides a more reasonable and reliable procedure to analyse and evaluate different ventilation modes.
基金Project(51874016)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘In order to control the dust pollution produced by air leg rock drill in the trolley area during the excavation of long-distance single ended tunnel,the full-scale physical model of working face was established by using FLUENT software,and the numerical simulation analysis of tunnel drilling ventilation and dust removal parameters was carried out.The results show that it is difficult to control the dust pollution of the face by conventional ventilation,and the drilling dust is distributed in the range of 10 m from the face;after the introduction of the long pressure and short suction ventilation scheme,when the ratio of compressed air volume to exhaust air volume is 0.72,the height of the pressure fan is 2.5 m,the distance between the pressure fan and the palm face is 20 m,and the exhaust fan is 12 m away from the palm,the dust concentration control efficiency of the working face is increased by about 60%.Therefore,in the similar long-distance single head tunnel construction,it is appropriate to adopt the dust removal method of long-distance short suction and exhaust fan to ensure the working environment.
基金Supported by the National Foundation of China(50974055)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT0618)Henan Province Basic and Leading-edge Technology Research Program(082300463205)
文摘A relatively perfect coalmine fire risk-evaluating and order-arranging model that includes sixteen influential factors was established according to the statistical information of the fully mechanized coalface ground on the uncertainty measure theory. Then the single-index measure function of sixteen influential factors and the calculation method of computing the index weight ground on entropy theory were respectively established. The value assignment of sixteen influential factors was carried out by the qualitative analysis and observational data, respectively, in succession. The sequence of fire danger class of four experimental coalfaces could be obtained by the computational aids of Matlab according to the confidence level criterion. Some conclusions that the fire danger class of the No.l, No.2 and No.3 coalface belongs to high criticality can be obtained. But the fire danger class of the No.4 coalface belongs to higher criticality. The fire danger class of the No.4 coalface is more than that of the No.2 coalface. The fire danger class of the No.2 coalface is more than that of the No.1 coalface. Finally, the fire danger class of the No.1 coalface is more than that of the No.3 coalface.
文摘This paper sets up a mathematical model of switching network and switching function by utilizing graph theory to describe the logical function of different paths.The function varies with open and closed states of air doors in a complex mine air sub network, and the computer program for solving the switching function of complex networks are offered. It gives the method for discriminating a reversible branch in a complex network by means of the switching function, and the method of counter inverted logical control of airflow inversion by means of open and short circuit conversion of key branches. The research has solved the problem of the stablization of air flow for normal ventination and reversing ventination in a diagonal network.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (0311051900)Supported by Fundamental Research Project of Education De-partment of Henan Province (2003440221)
文摘The distributions of strata rock temperature around a driving head with auxil- iary ventilation were analyzed theoretically based on a program which was developed by the authors to predict the thermal environmental conditions in a development heading with forcing auxiliary ventilation. The influences of wetness of the airway surface were dis- cussed on the cooled zone of the strata rock and on the temperature distribution in the surrounding rock. It is shown that the advancing speed and driving time have little influ- ence on the temperature profile in front of the working face of a driving airway, and the rock temperature 1.5 m ahead of the working face can be taken as the virgin rock tem- perature.
文摘In underground constructions, a good ventilation design not only delivers fresh air to establish good working environment, but also provides a scientific and reliable basis to prevent disasters. In emergency cases, unexpected closure of the main airways may occur, providing the workers with alternative airways is substantial. This is important not only to sustain personnel lives, but also to prevent the mine ventilation system from damage. In this research, alternate solutions were introduced in case of failure in the underground construction to keep a pre-assigned fixed quantity in a working place for mine ventilation network. Eight different collapse scenarios were proposed to study their effect on the air quantity distribution among the branches in the ventilation circuit. From these scenarios, it is found that providing a sufficient air quantity in the working places could be achieved through modification of the network topology and adjusting the values of the regulators pressure. It is also indicated that the distance between the collapse and working places has a great effect on the amount of air delivered to it. A reduction in the power consumption could be done by re-arrange the installed regulators and decreasing the number of nodes and branches inside the network. A relationship representing the effect of changing the network topology on the total network power consumption was deduced through regression analysis. It is found that the total network power is quadratic dependent on the number of regulators and number of branches while it is directly dependent on the regulator power.
文摘This study applied the numerical simulator tool FDS (fire dynamics simulator), Version 5.53, and focused on the simulation of the natural smoke flow ventilation design system, an innovative ventilation design using the parallel processing technology MPI (message passing interface). The design was then compared with the exhaust efficiency of a typical natural smoke vent. The natural smoke flow ventilation design system was located at the top of the factory, where smoke streams effectively converged. Therefore, the source of fire was designed to be 2 MW, which has a better exhaust efficiency than typical natural smoke vent with same area. The simulation discovered that the exhaust efficiency of the natural smoke ventilation design systems is higher than that of typical natural smoke vent with 2 times the opening area and that was not affected by external wind speed, Instead, external wind speed can help to enhance the exhaust efficiency. Smoke exhaust of typical natural smoke vents was affected by external wind speed, even leading them to become air inlets which would disturb the flow of air indoors, leading to smoke accumulation within the factory.
文摘Based on the theory of air supply jet, the conception and theory of the air quality and the drain contamination efficiency, the results achieved by comparing the circular cross section wall jet with the plane wall jet were following: firstly, within the limitation of the ventilation distance at the tunnel heading in a coal mine, there were a better air quality and a higher efficiency of drain contamination with application of the plane wall jet ventilation. Secondly, there was a advantage to improve the air quality of the workers breathing area with mounting the air supply outlet on the top but not on the side of the tunnel heading.
基金supports funded by the National Natural Science FoundationShenhua Corporation Limited Jointly Funded Project of China (No. U1361213)+1 种基金Jiangsu Province Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(BK20140005)College student innovation entrepreneurship Funded Project(CUMT,201405)
文摘In shallow burial mining areas, abnormal CO emission and the spontaneous combustion of coal are great threats to safety production at a fully-mechanised working face. In order to prevent the CO concentration in the air return corner from exceeding the critical limit, the paper studied the CO emission regularity and characteristics through theoretical analysis, experimental research and field observation. The results show that the main sources of CO emission were the spontaneous combustion of coal in the goaf and the exhaust emissions coming from underground motorised vehicles. The effect factors of CO emission were also investigated, such as seasonal climate changes, the advancing distance and advancing speed of the working face, the number of underground motorised vehicles and some other factors. In addition to these basic analyses, the influence mechanism of each influence factor was also summarised theoretically. Finally, this study researched the distribution and change law of CO concentration in the fully-mechanised working face in two aspects: controlling the change of monitoring points and time respectively. The research results provide a theoretical basis for preventing the CO concentration from exceeding the critical limit in the air return corner and reducing the possibility of spontaneous combustion of coal. Additionally, the results also provide important theoretical and practical guidelines for protecting miners' health in modern mines featuring high production and high efficiency all over the world.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (90715031,40775071)Public Benefit Research Foundation of Ministry of Science and Technology (GYHY200806012)
文摘Observational data of the severe typhoon Hagupit are obtained by a 3-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer which is installed on a 100-meter-high meteorological tower located at an islet off the coast of Guangdong.The characteristics of the extreme wind load parameters for offshore wind turbines under the influence of extreme winds at severe typhoon intensity are analyzed.By comparing the observed data with the results derived from the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 61400-1,the applicability of the methods computing extreme wind load parameters in the IEC standard are investigated under typhoon conditions.The results are as follows.(1) The changes of both the offshore extreme gust wind speeds and the extreme wind directions render a "M" shape bi-modal distribution with peak values in the eyewall region of Hagupit.(2) There are significant differences of amplitudes of the observed extreme operating gust wind speeds and extreme wind direction from the results calculated from the IEC standard.(3) The amplitudes of both the extreme operating gust wind speeds and the extreme directions exceed the upper limits of the IEC standard for three standard classes of wind turbines,and the values calculated by IEC standard are much significantly larger than the measured ones.(4) The observed extreme operating gust wind speeds are consistent with the results calculated by the IEC standard when wind turbines are under full or partial workload or cut-off conditions,although the amplitude of extreme wind directions calculated in terms of the IEC standard is larger than that of direct measurements.Measured extreme operating gust wind speeds sometimes exceed the IEC design criteria.
文摘The incidence of violence against doctors has been increasing, both in China and worldwide. Very often we hear doctors being molested, thrashed and abused by lay public for a trivial medical malpractice or even no fault of theirs. The once glittering halo of medical workers is being shredded thanks to the stressed health system and a lack of evaluation for risk of violence of the patients. Modem China sees a wide disparity between industry standards in rural and urban areas. People seeking health care service are often scared, can't get timely service and turn their anger towards those around them. To change a whole system in this giant nation is too hard a rock. Therefore, our focus is on the prompt awareness and preparation of a possible patient violence. The simplest approaches seem to be the most effective. Medical staffs should re-leam empathy on patients and be better trained on recognizing and reducing conflicts
文摘Network spoofing attacks are very specialized attacks, and network security managers brought a severe test. In this paper, through the analysis of the ARP protocol works, it discusses ARP protocol AR P virus are two common attacks from the IP address to the security risks that exist in the physical address resolution process, and then analyzes in detail, and then introduces the AR P Find virus source and virus removal methods, and finally putting forward effective measures to guard against AR P virus.
文摘The construction of the good Party conduct is a great project for the Chinese Communist Party to realize its great dream and realistic pursuit. Since the reform and opening up, the four generations of the leading collectives have emphasized the focus of the construction of the Party conduct from the unique perspectives, promoted the standardization of the "institutional construction", promoted the construction of the "two major issues" to be scientific, and promoted the construction of"anti-corruption and building a clean government" in detail. Since entering the new era ofXi Jinping, the new central leadership collective, on the basis of inheriting both the existing ideas and the existing achievements, puts forward the new problems of "four winds", explores the new paths, depicts the new blueprint including the ideal beliefs, the leadership power and the long effect mechanisms, and transforms them into the practical actions, to promote the construction of the new development of the Socialist Party conduct with Chinese characteristics.
文摘On March 11, 2011, a simply unprecedented set of circumstances occurred in Northeast ]apan. Three disasters struck nearly simultaneously: a 9.0 earthquake, huge tsunami, and nuclear catastrophe. People and places were forever changed. Using a series of vignettes, this paper personalized these numbers through a review of rebuilding efforts, voluntarism, consumer food impacts, and consumer behavior associated with the imperfect storm that destroyed more than 46,000 buildings, killed more than 12,000, and resulted in damages from the tsunami and earthquake alone of between 16 and 25 trillion yen. Possible implications of these results are advanced.
文摘The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence, associated risk factors, consequences and preventive measures oflPV (intimate partner violence) within the selected population in Goroka, Papua New Guinea. Questions derived from the prevalidated scales were used to measure the IPV. Questionnaires were distributed to both men and women aged from 18 to 60. The participants were staff and students of University of Goroka, staff of the Goroka Secondary school and North Goroka Primary school, Teachers in-charges of the elementary schools in the Eastern Highlands Province and the villagers from Asaroufa and Kotuni villages. Of the 95 respondents, 78.95% were victims of IPV. Among the victims 37.33% were males and 62.67% females. The physical, sexual and psychological abuses were experienced by both men and women. The significant risk factors found to be associated with violence were young age, low education, low socioeconomic status, marital conflicts, history of abuse during childhood, and male patriarchal values. The interpersonal relationship tends to be an important factor for prevailing violence free environment within the intimate partners. Intimate partner violence is prevalent in PNG. The strongest independent predictors were the excessive drinking of alcohol and marital conflict. Preventive measures such as compulsory and free technical education for all children less than 14 years old and life skills training and violence awareness campaign for both men and women must be provided to reduce the intimate partner violence.