Drug taxonomy could be described as an inherent structure of different pharmaceutical componential drugs. Unfortunately, the literature does not always provide a clear path to define and classify adverse drug events. ...Drug taxonomy could be described as an inherent structure of different pharmaceutical componential drugs. Unfortunately, the literature does not always provide a clear path to define and classify adverse drug events. While not a systematic review, this paper uses examples from the literature to illustrate problems that investigators will confront as they develop a conceptual framework for their research. It also proposes a targeted taxonomy that can facilitate a clear and consistent approach to understanding different drugs and could aid in the comparison to results of past and future studies. In terms of building the drugs taxonomy, symptoms information were selected, clustered and adapted for this purpose. Finally, although national or international agreement on taxonomy for different drugs is a distant or unachievable goal, individual investigations and the literature as a whole will be improved by prospective, explicit classification of different drugs using this new pharmacy information system （PIS） and inclusion of the study＇s approach to classification in publications. The PIS allows user to find information quickly by following semantic connections that surround every drug linked to the subject. It provides quicker search, faster and more intuitive understanding of the focus. This research work can pretend to become a leading provider of encyclopedia service for scientists and educators, as well as attract the scientific community-universities, research and development groups.展开更多
This article proposes the use of current European standards and verification rules for EPDs （environmental product declarations） as a basis for evaluating the climate impact of contractors＇ alternative designs of i...This article proposes the use of current European standards and verification rules for EPDs （environmental product declarations） as a basis for evaluating the climate impact of contractors＇ alternative designs of infrastructural projects. The proposed conceptual framework for verified climate calculations is based on the Swedish-based, the International EPD System. Several Swedish and Norwegian stakeholders were engaged in this joint project to understand driving forces and obstacles and provide key insights for the successful implementation of the framework for a transparent and comparable assessment of climate impact from alternative design options. In order to perform a sharp test of some main hypothesizes, the project participants tested the proposed framework in bridge and roads projects.展开更多
The development of high order thinking has been considered as a national priority of learning. By using three iteration action research in six elementary schools in Guangzhou, China for about 1 year and a half, we fou...The development of high order thinking has been considered as a national priority of learning. By using three iteration action research in six elementary schools in Guangzhou, China for about 1 year and a half, we found that visual thinking tools can improve students＇ high order thinking ability and change the traditional teaching method. By using this activity frame work, the teachers can better understand what are the students thinking about and the students can use the thinking tools to help themselves solve complex problems and discuss with other people. The reason we do this research is to improve the high-order thinking ability of primary student. In this paper, we summarize an activity frame work of using visual thinking tools to improve students thinking ability. And the frame work can be divided into three stages： preparatory stage, implementation stage and assessment stage. And different stage has different activity. Though this activity frame work is not perfect enough, we will improve it in our future study.展开更多
文摘Drug taxonomy could be described as an inherent structure of different pharmaceutical componential drugs. Unfortunately, the literature does not always provide a clear path to define and classify adverse drug events. While not a systematic review, this paper uses examples from the literature to illustrate problems that investigators will confront as they develop a conceptual framework for their research. It also proposes a targeted taxonomy that can facilitate a clear and consistent approach to understanding different drugs and could aid in the comparison to results of past and future studies. In terms of building the drugs taxonomy, symptoms information were selected, clustered and adapted for this purpose. Finally, although national or international agreement on taxonomy for different drugs is a distant or unachievable goal, individual investigations and the literature as a whole will be improved by prospective, explicit classification of different drugs using this new pharmacy information system （PIS） and inclusion of the study＇s approach to classification in publications. The PIS allows user to find information quickly by following semantic connections that surround every drug linked to the subject. It provides quicker search, faster and more intuitive understanding of the focus. This research work can pretend to become a leading provider of encyclopedia service for scientists and educators, as well as attract the scientific community-universities, research and development groups.
文摘This article proposes the use of current European standards and verification rules for EPDs （environmental product declarations） as a basis for evaluating the climate impact of contractors＇ alternative designs of infrastructural projects. The proposed conceptual framework for verified climate calculations is based on the Swedish-based, the International EPD System. Several Swedish and Norwegian stakeholders were engaged in this joint project to understand driving forces and obstacles and provide key insights for the successful implementation of the framework for a transparent and comparable assessment of climate impact from alternative design options. In order to perform a sharp test of some main hypothesizes, the project participants tested the proposed framework in bridge and roads projects.
文摘The development of high order thinking has been considered as a national priority of learning. By using three iteration action research in six elementary schools in Guangzhou, China for about 1 year and a half, we found that visual thinking tools can improve students＇ high order thinking ability and change the traditional teaching method. By using this activity frame work, the teachers can better understand what are the students thinking about and the students can use the thinking tools to help themselves solve complex problems and discuss with other people. The reason we do this research is to improve the high-order thinking ability of primary student. In this paper, we summarize an activity frame work of using visual thinking tools to improve students thinking ability. And the frame work can be divided into three stages： preparatory stage, implementation stage and assessment stage. And different stage has different activity. Though this activity frame work is not perfect enough, we will improve it in our future study.
