光缆线路维护作业“工单化”的实现方案和应用

通过运用移动互联网技术,通过光缆线路维护"工单化"和"可视化",实现对人员、工单、工时等关键数据的采集,为现场维护管理提供具体的实现方案和应用实例。

Scoping biology-inspired chemical engineering

Biology is a rich source of great ideas that can inspire us to find successful ways to solve the challenging problems in engineering practices including those in the chemical industry. Bio-inspired chemical engineering(Bio Ch E)may be recognized as a significant branch of chemical engineering. It may consist of, but not limited to, the following three aspects: 1) Chemical engineering principles and unit operations in biological systems; 2) Process engineering principles for producing existing or developing new chemical products through living ‘devices';and 3) Chemical engineering processes and equipment that are designed and constructed through mimicking(does not have to reproduce one hundred percent) the biological systems including their physical–chemical and mechanical structures to deliver uniquely beneficial performances. This may also include the bio-inspired sensors for process monitoring. In this paper, the above aspects are defined and discussed which establishes the scope of BioChE.

Case Studies of Heat Integration of Evaporation Systems

In this paper, through two case studies, evaporation systems are considered in the context of overall process, and then are optimized to obtain energy-saving effect. The possible evaporation schemes are given when integrated with the background process and how to optimize the evaporator is shown. From the case studies, it can be seen that sometimes incomplete integration and heat pump evaporation are better than complete integration so should be considered as candidate retrofit schemes.

Steady State Simulation of a Novel Process for the Co-production of Vinyl Acetate and Acetic Acid

A new process for the co-production of vinyl acetate monomer and acetic acid from ethane feedstock was studied. Various configurations were proposed and simulation results were given for each case to optimize process variables. This new process offers an overall yield values above 70% with minimum separation steps involved and the possibility of utilities integration. The process does not involve any CO production, thus becoming environmentally more favorable. The initial capital investment of the proposed process is much lower compared to the conventional route.

A paradigm-based evolution of chemical engineering

A short presentation of chemical engineering evolution,as guided by its paradigms,is exposed.The first paradigm–unit operations–has emerged as a necessity of systematization due to the explosion of chemical industrial applications at the end of 19th century.The birth in the late 1950s of the second paradigm–transport phenomena–was the consequence of the need for a deep,scienti fic knowledge of the phenomena that explain what happens inside of unit operations.In the second part of 20th century,the importance of chemical product properties and qualities has become essentially in the market fights.Accordingly,it was required with additional and even new fundamental approaches,and product engineering was recognized as the third paradigm.Nowadays chemical industry,as a huge materials and energy consumer,and with a strong ecological impact,couldn't remain outside of sustainability requirements.The basics of the fourth paradigm–sustainable chemical engineering–are now formulated.

Progress and Prospect of Single-step Synthesis of DME

Patents and previous research concerning the single-step synthesis of DME were reviewed. Rapid deactivation of the bifunctional catalyst is the main issue for the commercialization of the single-step synthesis process; in addition, the separation process and utilization of by-products have a larger impact on economic performance of the process. Recent progress involving the development of bifunctional catalysts and separation technology in the single-step process will most likely make the process commercially available in the near future.

Life Cycle Assessment on Real Time in a Coffee Machine

The environmental impact during the preparation of coffee beverages was evaluated on real time. The functional unit is a cup of coffee prepared from 7 g of ground coffee and 125 mL of tap water. The boundaries system considered are assembly process, electricity process, tap water process, coffee process and municipal waste process. Based on boundary system, the life cycle inventory is carbon dioxide, 50.31 g; coal, brown, 53.72 rag; coal hard, 0.9906 g; dinitrogen monoxide, 0.9575 mg; natural gas, 0.0020 m^3; methane, fossil, 13.82 mg; oil, crude, 1.012 g; uranium, 15.02 ug. The life cycle impact assessment is determined using the sum of the contributions of the impacts shown in the inventory analysis, each one multiplied by a coefficient called the ＂characterization factor＂, which indicates the scale of the potential contributed by the individual substance to the effect. The results show the advantages of using the LCA （life cycle assessment） on real time as it provides information from both quality and environmental parameters allowing taking actions based on timely information. The preparation of a cup of coffee produced an environmental load of 50.9 g of CO2 equivalents and Non Renewable energy equivalents to 151 kJ; the sugar process and materials transportation were not considered.

运维管理系统在生产信息化中的建设与应用

为了搭建一个能够满足生产信息化运维要求的管理平台,应用实时监测、流程E化等技术,实现故障异常推送、数据质量动态监督、运维工单管理、手机在线响应、全程节点跟踪与服务质量考核。通过运维过程工单化、流程化、标准化管理,大幅提升生产信息化运维工作效率与服务商监管水平,成为生产信息化运维管理的得力助手。

Single step fabrication of N-doped graphene/Si3N4/SiC heterostructures

In-plane heteroatom substitution of graphene is a promising strategy to modify its properties. The ability to dope graphene with electron-donor nitrogen heteroatoms is highly important for modulating electrical properties of graphene. Here we demonstrate a transfer-free method to directly grow large area quasi free-standing N-doped graphene bilayers on an insulating substrate （Si3N4）. Electron-bombardment heating under nitrogen flux results in simultaneous growth of N-doped graphene and a Si3N4 layer on the SiC surface. The decoupling of N-doped graphene from the substrate and the presence of Si3N4 are identified by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. The substitution of nitrogen atoms in the graphene planes was confirmed using high resolution X-ray photoemission spectroscopy which reveals several atomic configurations for the nitrogen atoms： Graphitic-like, pyridine-like, and pyrrolic- like. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that N-doped graphene could be used to efficiently probe oxygen molecules via nitrogen atom defects.

Crystal packing and charge transport in single crystals of chrysene derivatives: Impact of halogenation

Crystal packing has strong influence on the charge mobility for organic semiconductors, so the elucidation of the structure-property relationship is important for the design of high-performance organic semiconductors. Halogen substitution has been shown to be a promising strategy to alter the crystal structure without significantly changing the molecular size in previous reports. This paper studies the influence of halogenation on charge transport in single crystals of chrysene derivatives from a theoretical standpoint. The structure-property relationship is first rationalized by investigating the reorganization energy and electronic coupling from the density functional theory calculations. Based on the Marcus charge transfer theory, the mobilities in the molecular monolayer are then calculated with the random walk simulation technique from which the angular resolution anisotropic mobilities are obtained on the fly. It is shown that the mobilities become much larger for holes than those for electrons in the molecular monolayer when the halogenation occurs. Furthermore, the intra-layer charge transport is little influenced by the inter-layer pathways in the single crystals of the halogenated chrysene derivatives, while the opposite case is shown for the crystal of the nonhalogenated chrysene derivative. The reason for the variations of charge transport is discussed theoretically.

Quality-control method for the determination of biological activity of engineered calcineurin subunit B

The aim of this study was to establish a quality-control method for calcineurin subunit B(CNB) biological activity determinations. CNB enhances the p-nitrophenylphosphate(p NPP) dephosphorylating activity of calcineurin subunit A Δ316 mutant(CNAΔ316). A series of CNB concentrations were fitted to a four-parameter equation to calculate the corresponding p NPP maximum dephosphorylation rates. Values were calculated based on biological activity references using a parallel line method. The method was then validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, linear range, sensitivity, specificity, and robustness. The recovery results were greater than 98%. Intra-plate precision was 6.7%, with inter-plate precision of 10.8%. The coefficient of determination was greater than 0.98. The linear range was 0.05–50 μg m L?1, with sensitivity of 50 μg m L?1. Tested cytokines did not induce CNAΔ316 dephosphorylation of p NPP. The chosen CNAΔ316 concentration range did not affect activity determinations.