纵向操纵性工模实验分析流程

本文以某型民用飞机为背景,阐述了完成民用飞机纵向操纵性工模实验的必要性和重要性。在此基础上,介绍了纵向操纵性工模实验的流程,可应用于民用飞机的设计、验证。

黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区不同下垫面土壤水蚀特征实验研究

以位于黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区的神东矿区为研究基地,以黄土、沙黄土、风沙坡、基岩风化坡地、人为弃矿渣为物质基础,采用野外人工模拟降雨的方法,重点分析不同组成物质和同一物质不同固结程度斜坡地的土壤水蚀特征。对系列实验数据,应用SPSS和DPS数据处理系统进行分析。结果表明:①在条件相近的情况下,场降雨侵蚀模数的排序为:黄土>沙黄土>沙坡>弃矿渣>风化壳;②在相同的雨强和坡度条件下,黄土坡面产流快,易形成细沟、浅沟,使坡地变得起伏不平;沙黄土坡面则产流慢,形成沟谷的时间较迟,但演化快。③多石块的粗骨性风化壳侵蚀量随降雨强度的增加而增加,但产沙过程却以产流初期最大,之后趋于减少并稳定;④同一物质不同堆积年限的坡地,在没有人为破坏的情况下,随着堆积年限的增加而固结程度提高,侵蚀模数由16 379 t/(km2.a)下降到1 227 t/(km2.a)。⑤弃矿渣坡地的侵蚀容易出现滑塌和滑坡,产沙过程波动明显,有短暂的高含沙量的泥石流过程。

坡面流运动方程的Lattice Boltzmann方法求解

作为土壤水蚀过程的主要动力，准确模拟坡面水流过程，对于明确坡面侵蚀机理，构建土壤侵蚀物理过程模型具有重要意义。给出了LatticeBoltzmann方法在坡面水流运动过程中应用的详细步骤，并通过室内人工模拟降雨实验，验证了其有效性。实验结果表明：通过只对时间作多重尺度化，以多尺度分析为手段通过待定系数法来确定平衡态分布函数，以宏观上边界条件作为限制条件，用平衡态分布函数代替上边界结点上的分布函数，及通过分布函数外推格式来确定下边界结点上的分布函数的处理方法，可将Lattice Boltzmann法成功应用于坡面流运动方程的求解，各场次降雨的地面径流深误差均在±11％以内。

细沟间侵蚀影响因子交互作用定量分析

细沟间侵蚀是多种影响因子共同作用形成的复杂过程,不同因子的作用依赖于其他因子的变化而变化。利用前人已发表数据,基于多元线性回归分析,定量分析土壤类型、雨强、坡度和坡长对坡面细沟间侵蚀过程影响及因子间交互作用效应。结果表明:雨强、坡度、细沟间可蚀性及坡长对细沟间侵蚀率的影响具有正向效应,雨强对细沟间侵蚀率的贡献最大(62.93%)。因子间交互作用分析表明,坡长的增加对坡度因子的贡献具有促进作用,对雨强因子的贡献具有抑制作用;坡度增加对坡长因子的贡献具有先促进后抑制的作用,对雨强因子的贡献则相反,20%为坡度对坡长和雨强交互作用方向变化的拐点;雨强增加对坡长因子和坡度因子具有正向交互作用,但是与坡长相比,坡度对雨强的依赖性更强。

Modeling and optimization of cooling slope process parameters for semi-solid casting of A356 Al alloy

Semi-solid processing （SSP） of A356 aluminum alloy was discussed via cooling slope （CS） method. The D-optimal design of experiment （DODE） was employed for experimental design and analysis of results. 38 random experiments obtained by software were carried out. In experimental stage, the molten aluminum alloy was poured on an inclined plate with different lengths of 100, 300 and 500 mm set at 30°, 45° and 60° of slope angles respectively. Three different pouring temperatures of 660, 680 and 700 ℃ were also used. After the casting process, the partial re-melting treatment was carried out at 590 ℃ for different isothermal time of 5, 8 or 12 min. The combined effect of these factors on globularity of the primary α（Al） crystals was investigated and optimized using DODE. The results indicated that the primary dendritic phase in the conventionally cast A356 alloy was transformed into a non-dendritic one in ingots cast over a cooling plate. The CS processed samples exhibited a globular structure only after re-heating to semi-solid region. The optimum values of pouring temperature, cooling length, slope angle and isothermal holding time were found to be 660 ℃, 360 mm, 48°, and 9 min, respectively. In this case, the globularity of primary crystals was obtained, about 0.91. The obtained model is highly significant with a correlation coefficient of 0.9860.

Numerical simulation and experimental study of the hydrodynamics of a modeled reef located within a current

The hydrodynamic forces and flow field of artificial reef models in steady flow were numerically investigated using the RNG κ-ε turbulent model. The numerical simulation results are consistent with results observed by experimental means. A comparative study indicates that the corresponding errors of forces between calculated values and values observed in the experiment vary in the range of2.3%-11.2% and that the corresponding errors of velocities vary in the range of 1.3%-15.8%. The flow field numerical results show that upstream and vortices exist when the current passes over and through the surface of the reef model. This study suggests that the numerical simulation method can be applied to predict the forces and flow field associated with artificial reefs.

高分子材料日光老化、人工氙灯老化中光学因素的分析

介绍了高分子建筑材料在户外自然老化中所受日光的影响,分析了材料的老化破坏机理。提出了当前人工模拟老化实验中各种模型,并对其中氙灯模型的光学因素做了简单解析。

Calculation of the ultimate depth of a scour pit after debris flow through drainage canal ribs

Drainage canals are engineering structures widely used for debris flow mitigation.When passing through a drainage canal,debris flow usually scours the gully bed at the back of the rib sill of the drainage canal,which leads to failure of the rib sill.Therefore,the scour depth at the back of the rib sill is an important design problem and it is related to the economic benefits of engineering and service years.To explore the law of the depth of the scour pit after debris flow through drainage canal ribs,we first proposed a formula for the calculation of the maximum scour depth at the back of a rib sill based on energy conservation.We then conducted a series of simulation experiments to test the proposed formula.The experimental results show that the scour depth,trench slope and the distance between ribs all increase with a decrease in debris flow density.We then compared the results of experiments and formula calculations.Through the testing analysis,we found that the calculation results of the conductedformula correspond with the experimental results better.Finally,taking Qipan Gully as an example,we designed the ultimate depth of a drainage canal for debris flow using the calculation formula.

Experimental study on the goaf flow field of the ‘‘U+I” type ventilation system for a comprehensive mechanized mining face

＂U＂ and ＂U＋I＂ type ventilation experiments were performed on a three-dimensional fully mechanized caving face simulation experimental platform. The distribution laws of the pressure field and gas field in the mine goal were obtained. Results show that the flow field in the goaf is generally asymmetric; the location of the gas accumulation area changes with ventilation parameters and can be used as an evaluation indicator to study the air leakage extent in the goal. Hence, drainage pipes buried in the goaf to intensively extract gas can be designed in such gas areas, which can give considerations in both improving gas drainage efficiency and reducing air leakage. By comparing the gas extraction effect of model experiments with that of on-site underground practices, the basic laws are commonly consistent according to comparative analysis. Thus the experimental results can be used to guide the application of underground gas prevent!o_n_and.control..

Prediction of Distillation Column Performance by Computational Mass Transfer Method

A computational mass transfer model is proposed for predicting the concentration profile and Murphree efficiency of sieve tray distillation column. The proposed model is based on using modified c＇2 -εc＇ two equations formulation for closing the differential turbulent mass transfer equation with improvement by considering the vapor injected from the sieve hole to be three dimensional. The predicted concentration distributions by using proposed model were checked by experimental work conducted on a sieve tray simulator of 1.2 meters in diameter for desorbing the dissolved oxygen in the feed water by blowing air. The model predictions were confirmed by the experimental measurement. The validation of the proposed model was further tested by comparing the simulated result with the performance of an industrial scale sieve tray distillation column reported by Kunesh et al. for the stripping of toluene from its water solution. The predicted outlet concentration of each tray and the Murphree tray efficiencies under different operating conditions were in agreement with the published data. The simulated turbulent mass transfer diffusivity on each tray was within the range of the experimental result in the same sieve column reported by Cai et al. In addition, the prediction of the influence of sieve tray structure on the tray efficiency by using the proposed model was demonstrated.

Numerical and experimental investigations of weld pool geometry in GTA welding of pure aluminum

A 2-D numerical model was developed to predict the shape of weld pool in stationary GTA welding of commercial pure aluminium, without considering fluid flow in the weld pool. A Gaussian current density and heat input distribution on the surface of the workpiece were considered. The parameters of Gaussian distribution were modified by comparing calculated results with experimental ones. It was found that these distribution parameters are fimctions of applied current and arc length. Effects of arc length, applied current and welding time on the geometry of the weld pool were investigated. To check the validity of the model, a series of experiments were also conducted. In general, the agreement between calculated overall shape of the weld pool and the experimental one was acceptable, especially in low applied currents. Therefore, it can be concluded that in pure aluminium, the heat conduction is dominant mechanism of heat transfer in the weld pool.

Characteristics from a hydrodynamic model of a trapezoidal artificial reef

Flume experiments and numerical simulation were conducted to characterize the hydrodynamics of a trapezoid artificial reef.Measurements in particle image velocimetry were conducted to observe the formation of upwelling and vortices;and forces for the reef model were measured by load cell.The results of flume experiments agree well with the numerical data.In addition,the flow structure around a reef combining trapezoidal and cubic blocks was simulated numerically under two deployment schemes,showing a more complicated flow structure than that of a stand-alone reef.Relationship between drag coefficient and Reynolds number suggest that the degree of turbulence can be assessed from the value of drag coefficient downstream from the reef.The role of the reef in water flow is to reduce flow velocity and generate turbulence.

H2 solubility and mass transfer in anthraquinone working solution： Experimental and modeling study

This work was focused on the measurement of the solubility of hydrogen （H2） in anthraquinone working solution at temperatures of 30.0-80.0℃ and pressures of 0.2-3.0 MPa by the method of experimental and COSMO-RS model study. The influence of various factors, i.e., including pressure, temperature and solvent volume ratio, on H2 solubility was investigated. According to the experimental results, H2 solubility in anthraquinone working solution increases with the increase of pressure. At low pressures, the temperature had little effect on H2 solubility while under high pressures H2 solubility increases with increasing temperature. Henry＇s constant In/-/has a good linear relationship with 1/T （lnH = -- 1319.1/T ＋ 9.91 ）. The effect of volume ratio of trioctyl phos- phate to trimethylbenzene on the solubility of hydrogen was studied and the results showed that increasing the amount of trimethylbenzene was conducive to the dissolution of hydrogen. In addition, there is a linear relationship between ln（（Po - Pe） / （Pt - Pe）） and the time t. Gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient was obtained by calculating the slope of the line.

Experimental and simulated studies on hydraulic buffering valve for ZF-4WG308 power-shift transmission

The structure and working principle of a hydraulic buffering valve for a power-shift transmission ZF-4WG308 were studied comprehensively, and a model of the hydraulic buffering valve was developed with AMESim. A bench test was conducted on a buffering valve for transmissions(ZF-4WG308) and the test results agree well with the simulated results. Further more, the influences of the key parameters of the valve on the buffering performance were also studied in details.

SEE Laboratory： Single-Story, Single-Bay Portal Frame

This research paper describes an SEE （Structural Engineering Encounter） Lab project. The paper reports on the development of a single-story, single-bay portal frame model as part of the AIMS2 （attract, inspire, mentor and support students） grant supported through the US DOE （Department of Education） summer research program at California State University, Northridge. This research effort is part of a comprehensive program to develop laboratory models of structures commonly encountered in civil engineering practice, which can serve the dual purpose of accomplishing engineering education and research in the areas of structural and earthquake engineering. The objective of the present study was to construct a physical model of the aforementioned frame to experimentally collect data due to the application of vertical and lateral loadings through instrumentation such as strain gages and an LVDT （linear variable differential transformer） displacement transducer, and also to make comparisons with theoretical and numerical predictions.

THE MEASUREMENT AND STUDY OF BLASTING VIBRATION AFFECTING IN SITU CAST CONCRETE LINING OF VERTICAL SHAFT

Vertical shaft is main form of drivage in deep mineral depoist. They also serve as the entrance into and the exit from the underground mine. The main problems in shaft and tunnel engineering is to solve the contradiction between drivage and lining. The measurement of blasting vibration affecting concrete lining strength of vertical shaft is carried out in experiment and theory in this paper.

Fuzzy Modeling in Environmental Geotechnics

High level of industrialization of northern regions of Russia cause significant pollution problems in the soil. The new approach based on fuzzy modeling for reception and processing of the geocryological information is offered. The technique and methodology of presentation of variables in a logic and linguistic way in a combination to elements of the experimental planning theory is developed. Comparison of the calculated data on model has shown its high adequacy of the experimental data of the various authors. The forecast of geoecological processes in cryolitozone on the basis of the described method will allow increasing reliability of the accepted design decisions.

SIMULATION RESEARCH ON CHARACTERISTICS OFPERMANENT MAGNET LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

In this paper, a simulation model of Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor (PMLSM) is established by using phase equations method. Special attention is paid to its structure and the influence of longitudinal end effect and the unbalance of current. The analytic method can be used for the analysis of dynamic and static characteristics of PMLSM.

Hydraulic and mechanical properties of wax-coated sands

Wax-coated sands are a new category of synthetic soils, which are gradually becoming a reliable construction material. Because of their valuable drainage ability and mechanical properties, wax coated sandy soils are specifically applicable to pavement construction of horseracing tracks and sport fields. Although the mechanical and hydraulic properties of these synthetic soils are well-proven, there is still a lack of studies on how the soil samples behave differently when mixing with different wax fractions. Adding the wax affects permeability and compressibility of pure sand. Intensity of influences is a function of weight percentage of wax that has been added, and other physical and environmental factors. The effects of wax content on hydraulic properties(permeability), and mechanical properties(stress strain behavior, compressibility) of sandy soils based on a series of experimental efforts were investigated. Obtained experimental results infer that increasing the amount of wax up to 6% causes an about 50% increase in permeability, mainly because of the significant effect of wax in lowering the friction along with covering and filling the angular parts of particles' surfaces and forming rounded particles. In addition, wax-coated sands show a 20% to 60% decrease in confined compression modulus compared to non wax-coated sands.

Solving the Perennial Problems of Inadequate Physical Laboratories in Africa Through the Use of Virtual Reality Technology and Tools

The major restriction for learning in science and engineering education in Africa is the absence of equipped laboratories. Where laboratory is available, there is the problem of obsolete and antiquated materials, which are seldom available for use. In most Universities in Africa, there is inadequate supply of laboratory space and laboratory materials. The laboratories only have the items of equipment that were provided when the universities were established, this has hampered learning. An alternative educational approach is required to address the aforementioned problems and provide a cost-effective solution for education as well as a valuable complementary or learning tool for university students. The alternative approach is the use of Virtual Reality （VR） technology to simulate virtual learning environments such as virtual reality laboratories. This is a one solution to inadequate physical laboratories in Africa.