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国际科研合作的空间策略:风险交叠背景下我国理工科学者的个体行动
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作者 周明睿 吕佳忆 沈文钦 《重庆高教研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第2期59-74,共16页
理工科学者的国际科研合作是分析中国在科学研究方面取得成就的重要视角。以中美地缘政治竞争下全球科学系统与国家科学系统解耦趋势增强为背景,基于与我国17位理工科学者和1位大学科研部门负责人的深度访谈,探讨我国理工科学者的国际... 理工科学者的国际科研合作是分析中国在科学研究方面取得成就的重要视角。以中美地缘政治竞争下全球科学系统与国家科学系统解耦趋势增强为背景,基于与我国17位理工科学者和1位大学科研部门负责人的深度访谈,探讨我国理工科学者的国际科研合作动态。研究发现,中美地缘政治竞争与COVID-19两种结构性风险交叠发生作用,引发了国际科研合作的三大变化:外方学者对政治审查的担忧导致其合作意愿降低;线上交流的低效性与局限性致使国际合作质量下降;学者学术流动的中断导致国际合作网络凝滞。然而,我国的理工科学者并非全然被动地承受结构性风险的影响。具体而言,他们通过“空间勾连”策略,积极寻找和构建合作中介,将科研合作的双边机制拓展为多边机制;利用“空间延续”策略,选择性地延续过去的合作关系,立足于强关系保持合作;通过“空间开拓”策略,发展替代性的合作关系,着眼于弱关系建立新的合作。这些策略显示了学者们在自下而上地应对合作挑战、推动国家与全球科学系统再度整合方面的潜力。为此,提出高等教育机构对学者国际合作的组织支持路径:依据学者的合作需求,帮助其谋求更多的低政治风险合作机会,并协助完成各种行政审批流程;在开展线上活动时,应尽量提供高安全性、高效率的交流环境;重启及加强学者间的互访机制,发挥学术流动对建立国际合作网络、保障合作质量的作用。随着地缘政治竞争引发的“国家—全球”科研系统解耦,国际科研合作的结构性风险逐渐转嫁为能动性风险,科学家个体的能动性行动对科学全球化的影响力需要得到重视。 展开更多
关键词 国际科研合作 中美地缘政治竞争 工科学者 空间策略 学术流动
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工科学者的研究选题策略问题研究——以水利工程领域为例 被引量:1
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作者 李峰 朱丽红 《竞争情报》 2022年第1期29-37,共9页
研究议题选择是科研人员职业发展中的重要事件,也是影响科研人员职业发展的重要因素。目前针对我国工科学者的研究议题选择研究较为匮乏。以近二十年水利工程领域优青/杰青项目获得者为研究对象,基于博士学位论文、国家自然科学基金项... 研究议题选择是科研人员职业发展中的重要事件,也是影响科研人员职业发展的重要因素。目前针对我国工科学者的研究议题选择研究较为匮乏。以近二十年水利工程领域优青/杰青项目获得者为研究对象,基于博士学位论文、国家自然科学基金项目等信息,从研究主题和研究领域两个方面分析了水利学者的研究议题选择行为,以及研究议题选择策略对水利学者职业发展的影响。水利学者倾向于保守的研究议题选择策略,大都在水利工程领域内部围绕着博士论文相近主题开展研究工作。但是,保守的研究议题选择策略不利于水利学者的快速职业发展。研究主题的适度创新、临近工科领域的跨领域研究、研究方法的延续均有助于水利学者更快获得优青/杰青项目。研究结论对鼓励工科学者开展跨领域、跨主题研究提供了理论依据,也为工科学者在职业发展中如何选择研究议题提供了参考。 展开更多
关键词 工科学者 基金项目 跨领域 研究主题 水利工程
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高校理工科学者被采访时的心理禁忌及排除对策
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作者 黄新原 《新闻战线》 CSSCI 北大核心 2001年第12期47-49,共3页
关键词 高校 工科学者 心理禁忌 新闻报道 新闻采访
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The dawn of successful prediction of major earthquakes
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作者 Li Ping Yang Mei' e 《Engineering Sciences》 EI 2010年第4期2-12,共11页
Since 1949, Chinese scientists have successfully predicted occurrence of many major earthquakes, such as the Haicheng MT. 3 event in 1975 and the Asian Game Village shock of 1990. In recent 20 years, however, some sei... Since 1949, Chinese scientists have successfully predicted occurrence of many major earthquakes, such as the Haicheng MT. 3 event in 1975 and the Asian Game Village shock of 1990. In recent 20 years, however, some seis-mologists abroad have taken a disappointed and pessimistic view to earthquake prediction because of several failures. They suggest that the efforts should turn toward other fields, such as identification of building' s earthquake-proof capability, enhancement of house strength, and development of precise observational systems which will facilitate fast loca- ting of future major temblors and emergent relief on site. Such a pessimistic feeling has also influenced some Chinese researchers of the seismological community who attempted to give up efforts for earthquake prediction. Meanwhile other scientific workers are insisting in experiments and practices in this field and achieved some inspiring results. In this paper, we present several representative cases to illustrate that earthquakes are predictable under some conditions. 展开更多
关键词 Wenchuan Earthquake strong earthquake prediction generating fault for major earthquake
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The Economic Benefits of Science
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作者 Wang Hairong 《Beijing Review》 2016年第4期28-29,共2页
Projects receiving China's national science and technology awards representsignificant economic,social gainsFor ages,male musk deer had been trapped and killed for their glandular secretion to be used in aroma and tr... Projects receiving China's national science and technology awards representsignificant economic,social gainsFor ages,male musk deer had been trapped and killed for their glandular secretion to be used in aroma and traditional Chinese medicine.As a medicine, 展开更多
关键词 trapped glandular secretion killed aroma relieve ceremony constantly ingredient granted
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The Abbreviated Symbol of Living Forms, Unit and Growth
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作者 Humberto Ortega-Villasenor Genaro Quinones Trujillo 《Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences》 2016年第3期465-491,共27页
This essay is written in the form of a mosaic. It intersperses simple language, primary and secondary quotes within text, footnotes and epigraphs from classical thinkers and cutting-edge researchers. It invites reader... This essay is written in the form of a mosaic. It intersperses simple language, primary and secondary quotes within text, footnotes and epigraphs from classical thinkers and cutting-edge researchers. It invites readers, be they casual or experienced, to a certain play of irony and fantasy in their reflection on the main thrust of the argument. The essay is divided into two parts. The first seeks to introduce the readers to some of the main concerns of frontier science and the Philosophy of Science at the beginning of this millennium: the Universe Models proposed by scientists from fields related to Physics and Mathematics in their eagerness to explain more and more discoveries and to lay out a solid new scientific paradigm. We are convinced that the leap between sidelines and insides--when confronting straightforward style with systematic contrast--does not lessen the rigor of research, and serves to lighten the density of the topic by projecting nuances and resonance onto the logos and its concatenation. It may also serve to vivify field and figure, in order to recreate the fertile delight that generally comes from a good reading of deep intertext.In the second part, we attempt to subtly demonstrate a fortunate discovery: the validity and solidity of the laws of Nature, upheld on the basis of their abstract mathematical expression (the Number Phi (φ), the goldennumber or golden section), which despite having faded into oblivion, buried under centuries of disuse in the fields of Aesthetics and Art, has proven to be useful as a critical instrument and a template for concrete solutions that we wish to share. We believe that this Model may serve not only to answer some of the scientific issues that we have referred to, but to redirect the discussion itself, and break the logjam of many frontier forums that place conditions on the application of the Models pro- duced over the last century. Having glimpsed those realms where analysis and common sense come together for addressing one of the most salient issues of our time, we chose to close the essay by offering practical, concrete findings on the topic of Models, which not only specialists in the field may find useful, but also any reader, especially educators, who are charged with sharing these findings with the present and future generations. 展开更多
关键词 Universe models Scientific paradigm Mathematical expression Number Phi
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