工程地质区及其在地球各大陆的分布(英文)

在地球各大陆上工程地质条件水平和垂直上的变化反映出它们的区域性,它受控于该地区的热量、湿度及其比率。这就是在类似地质结构的地区中,不同的纬度和海拔高度形成了不同的工程地质条件的原因。引入工程地质区这个概念的目的在于说明工程地质条件的区域性。工程地质区一词的意义是指一个大的工程地质地区或省,在其中主要由水的形态决定的岩土状态是均一的并从工程地质观点来看具有区域稳定性。已经确定了以下工程地质区类型:永久性的多年冻土区域、多年冻土和融化沉积共存区域,以及融化和不冻岩石区域,它们再细分为亚区。工程地质条件区域性概念要考虑的主要问题有:分区原则、工程地质区域的类型和种类、地球各大陆上工程地质区域的空间分布规律性、“理想”大陆上的分布模型。

宣城市工程地质分区初步研究

文章收集了自1995—2010年间宣城市重要工程中具有代表性的勘察项目77项,共998个钻孔资料。对其勘察项目中的钻孔资料进行分析、归纳、整理和汇编,并根据工程地质分区的基本原则,以地形地貌作为一级分类因素,对宣城市的工程地质进行了初步分区,同时归纳总结了各区的工程地质特征,为宣城市的未来城市建设提供勘察要点,避免勘察资源浪费,同时可以提高城市土地利用率。

渭南市地震小区划地震工程地质分区

渭南市位于华北地台鄂尔多斯地块南缘渭河断陷盆地中西部,固市凹陷西南缘,地貌单元主要为渭河漫滩和Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级阶地。通过钻孔勘探、剪切波速测试、地基土的物理力学性质及地脉动测试,结合场地地下水等资料,将小区划场地划分为四个Ⅰ级工程地质亚区和九个II级工程地质段,从而为地震小区划场地设计地震动参数和评价场地地震地质灾害提供基础资料。

地鼓区及裂缝区工程地质水文地质条件研究

把地鼓区和裂缝区作为北邦边坡重点部位进行研究,目的在于摸清影响该区边坡稳定的弱层特征和地下水特征,取得了准确的数据、资料,能够满足边坡稳定分析和边坡工程设计的需要。介绍了该区的工程地质、水文地质勘探、及地下水压监测,地形、地貌及岩体结构特征,以及所存在的影响边坡稳定的弱层特征。对含水层进行了划分,含水层的补给,径流、排泄条件及水力联系。

白石隧道下伏采空区的地质问题及处理对策

在论述白石隧道下伏采空区工程地质特征的基础上 ,结合工程实际 ,阐述了采空区的发育特征和对工程的危害性 。

乌江银盘水电站工程地质研究综述

乌江银盘水电站地处盐溶地区,库坝区由灰岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、粘土岩等软硬相间岩体不等厚组成。存在水库区库岸的稳定、大坝深层抗滑稳定、开挖高边坡稳定等工程地质问题。本文着重对乌江银盘水电站区域地质环境与地震、水库区与坝址区工程地质条件及坝址区主要工程地质问题进行了综述。

Effects of freeze-thaw cycle on engineering properties of loess used as road fills in seasonally frozen ground regions,North China

Compacted loess is widely used as fills of road embankments in loess regions of northern China.Generally, densely-compacted loess can satisfy the requirements of embankment strength and postconstruction deformation. However, uneven subsidence, pavement cracks and other related damages can affect the integrity of loess subgrade after several years of operation,and even cause some hazards, especially in North China, where the strong freeze-thaw erosion occurs. In this study, cyclic freeze-thaw tests for both densely and loosely compacted loess samples were performed to determine the variation in engineering properties such as volume, void ratio, collapsible settlement,microstructure, and the related mechanisms were addressed. The experimental results showed that an obvious water migration and redistribution occurred within the samples during freeze-thaw cycles. Ice lenses and fissures could be identified in the upper frozen layers of the samples. After freeze-thaw cycles,the dry densities of the upper layers of samples changed significantly due to strong freeze-thaw erosion. The dry densities decreased for the dense sample and increased for the loose sample. It can be found that dense samples become loose, while loose samples became dense with the increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles. Their related void ratios changed reversely. Both void ratios tended to fall into a certain range, which verified the concept of a residual void ratio proposed by Viklander. The loosening process of densely compacted samples involves the formation of large pores, volume increase and density reduction as well as the related changes in mechanical properties because freeze-thaw cycles may be important contribution to problems of loess road embankments.Adverse effects of freeze-thaw cycles, therefore,should be taken into account in selecting loess parameters for the stability evaluation of road embankment in seasonally frozen ground regions.

Using analytic network process to analyze problems for implementing turn-key construction projects in Taiwan

The turn-key construction project is implemented in Taiwan not by a single company but by a make-shift group of several companies. Hence,problems to coordinate the professional construction management (PCM) and the supervising architectural company often occur for the lack of long-term experience to work together. The various factors that affect the implementation of turn-key projects currently practiced in Taiwan are analyzed using the analytic network process (ANP). The objective is to study how the twelve key factors in the four layers of "Role assignment","Signing contract","Operational procedures" and "Losing capital investment" affect the progress of implementing the turn-key project in Taiwan. The results reveal that "Delay in payment" has the most negative influence with 15.62% weighing factor; "Latent risk" comes next with 11.14% weighing factor,and "Responsibility of construction company for project quality" is the third with 10.79% weighing factor.

Engineering Geological Assessment for Route Selection of Railway Line in Geologically Active Area:A Case Study in China

The Cheng-Lan railway links Chengdu, a central city in Southwestern China, and Lanzhou, a central city in Northwestern China. The railway passes through the Longmenshan fault zone (Wenchuan earthquake happened there on May 12, 2008), Minjiang fault zone, and Dongkunlun fault zone, which are all active. It runs over the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and crosses high mountains and deep valleys. There exists, along the railway's alignment, different kinds of strata of hard granite and soft, weak metamorphic rocks such as carbonaceous slate, schist, and phyllite. It is, therefore, a key issue for such an infrastructure construction to assess the engineering geological conditions and risks, so as to mitigate or avoid possible georisks and to offer optional designs. Geological survey and georisk assessment along the railway corridor are carried out. Special attention is given to active faults, earthquakes and seismic zones. Based on these, discussions about geological aspects for route selection of the railway are conducted and countermeasures for georisk control are proposed accordingly. Main conclusions are achieved as follows: (1) Geohazards such as landslides, rockfalls and debries flows dominate both the route selection of the railway and the engineering structures (e.g., tunnels or bridges) adopted; (2) Tunnel has been proved to be an excellent structure for linear engineering in geologically active area; and (3) In the case where avoiding is impractical, necessary protection measures should be taken to engineering slopes in high earthquake intensity areas, especially the area with earthquake of Ms. 8 or greater.

The research and demonstration of some major geological problems of Three Gorges Project

The research process,main contents,methods and conclusions for some major engineering geological problems of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) are reviewed and introduced,including dam site selection,regional tectonic stability and seismic activity,stability of reservoir bank and reservoir-induced earthquake.Meanwhile,the above mentioned engineering geological problems are evaluated according to the preliminary test results since TGP operation and impoundment in 2003.

Advances in Sinopec's Shale Gas Drilling Technologies

In order to economically and effectively develop shale gas in China, Sinopec introduced foreign technologies and integrated them with available domestic technologies and self-developed tools according to geological characteristics and complicated mountainous geomorphology in marine shale plays of southern China. A technology series composed of innovated theories concerning geological characterization during drilling, new generation of PDC bits, friction-reducing tools, low-cost oil-based drilling fluid system, high-efficient washing fluid and elastic mud systems, integrated drilling engineering design, long lateral cementing, modified well facto~ drilling method and etc., was developed to ful）qll fast and optimized drilling for shale gas wells. The application of the technology series in about 251 wells of Fuling gas Jield, Chongqing City, southwestern China, showed positive results： mechanical rotating speed increased by 191%, drilling duration redueed by 53%, and quality passing percent 100%.

Variation law of microscopic pore of loess-like soil after several freeze-thaw cycles in seasonal frozen soil region

In seasonal frozen soil region,the engineering geological properties of loess-like soil will be deteriorated after freeze-thaw cycles.Through the freeze-thaw cycle experiment of remolded loess-like soil,under different freezing temperatures,the authors carried out freeze-thaw cycle tests for 3 times and 20 times,respectively.With mercury intrusion porosimetry and granulometric analysis,from the micro-structure,the authors studied the law that freeze-thaw cycle times and frozen temperature effect on the variation of microscopic pore of loesslike soil.This result can provide theoretical basis for comprehensive treatment of problems in the construction of the project in seasonal frozen loess-like soil region.

3-D geologic architecture of Xiong＇an New Area： Constraints from seismic reflection data

Studying the geologic architecture of the Xiong'an New Area will provide important basis for the evaluation of crustal stability, urban planning and infrastructural projects in this region, and it is also of great significance in exploring the occurrence of oil and gas, geothermal, hot dry rock and other resources. The stratigraphic system of the study area is established by using latest high quality seismic reflection and deep borehole data. Characteristics of the major faults developed in the study area are finely depicted with the method of structural analysis. Tectonic evolution of Xiong'an and adjacent areas is reconstructed by using balanced geological cross-section technique. The tectonic activity of the study area is discussed on the basis of the development of secondary faults and the distribution of active earthquakes across the region. This study demonstrates that Xiong'an New Area is located at the transfer zone of the central and northern Jizhong Depression. There are three regional unconformities developed in this area, by which four structural layers are sub-divided. Controlled by the Taihang Mountain piedmont fault, the Daxing fault, the Rongcheng fault and the Niudong fault, the structural framework of the study area is characterized by intervening highs with sags. This structural pattern has an important controlling over the reservoir characteristics, hydrocarbon accumulation and the distribution of geothermal resources and hot dry rock within this region. Rifting in this area began in the early Paleogene, exhibiting typical episodic character and became inactive in Neogene. The development feature of secondary faults along with the distribution of active earthquakes indicate that Xiong'an New Area has been in a relatively stable tectonic setting since the Neogene, while the Baxian Sag and other structural units to the east of it have obviously been in a rather active environment.