基于激光扫描测量的工程物体形状与尺寸分析研究

在获取工程物体的形态、比例信息的研究过程中,一种新的、具有鲜明优势的激光扫描测量技术获得了运用。这份研究破解了激光扫描测量的基本规则与技术要点,尤其深入探讨了基于激光扫描的三维云点数据采集以及处理方式。工程物体被选作实际激光扫描的目标,大批的扫描数据随之产生并经过了预处理与数据分析,为构建出物体的三维模型奠定了基础。三维模型的建立使得精确测量与分析物体的形状和尺寸成为可能。这样的手法相较于老式的直接测量和系统分析,节省了时间、提高了精度,且自动化程度更高。实验结果显示,基于激光扫描测量仪的数据,对工程物体的形状和尺寸分析具有较高的精度和稳定性。在形状误差分析过程中,结合点云数据拟合技术,对比并分析了物体实际形状和测量结果的差异,实现了微小形状的精确检测。最后,通过对工程实例的应用研究,本论文证明该方法可以大幅提高工程测量的效率和精度。后续研究中,我们将进一步探索激光扫描测量在更广泛工程领域的应用,提高其实用价值。

Research of the Application of Nanometer Materials in Sports Engineering and the Biological Safety

In the modern material engineering, the use of nanometer materials has entered the highly and intensively utilized stage, so new nanometer materials have been continuously found to replace the traditional ordinary materials. The so-called nanometer materials have the size within l - 100nm in thickness, which originates from the 1980s. At that time, nanometer materials didn＇t have a proper development due to the economic level. t towever, with the support of science and technology, this technology has undergone tremendous changes in the related fields. There have been increasing expansion in the kinds and the width in use of the nanometer materials, so have the research of nanometer materials. In this paper, we will briefly analyze the application ofnanometer materials in the sports engineering.

Future of liver transplantation: Non-human primates for patient-specific organs from induced pluripotent stem cells

Strategies to fill the huge gap in supply versus demand of human organs include bioartificial organs, growing humanized organs in animals, cell therapy, and implantable bioengineered constructs. Reproducing the complex relations between different cell types, generation of adequate vasculature, and immunological complications are road blocks in generation of bioengineered organs, while immunological complications limit the use of humanized organs produced in animals. Recent developments in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) biology offer a possibility of generating human, patient-specific organs in non-human primates (NHP) using patient-derived iPSC and NHP-derived iPSC lacking the critical developmental genes for the organ of interest complementing a NHP tetraploid embryo. The organ derived in this way will have the same human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile as the patient. This approach can be curative in genetic disorders as this offers the possibility of gene manipulation and correction of the patient's genome at the iPSC stage before tetraploid complementation. The process of generation of patient-specific organs such as the liver in this way has the great advantage of making use of the natural signaling cascades in the natural milieu probably resulting in organs of great quality for transplantation. However, the inexorable scientific developments in this direction involve several social issues and hence we need to educate and prepare society in advance to accept the revolutionary consequences, good, bad and ugly.

Mechanism of the December 2015 Catastrophic Landslide at the Shenzhen Landfill and Controlling Geotechnical Risks of Urbanization

This paper presents findings from an investigation of the large-scale construction solid waste （CSW） landslide that occurred at a landfill at Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, on December 20, 2015, and which killed 77 people and destroyed 33 houses. The landslide involved 2.73 - 106 m3 of CSW and affected an area about 1100 m in length and 630 m in maximum width, making it the largest landfill landslide in the world. The investigation of this disaster used a combination of unmanned aerial vehicle surveillance and multistage remote-sensing images to reveal the increasing volume of waste in the landfill and the shifting shape of the landfill slope for nearly two years before the landslide took place, beginning with the creation of the CSW landfill in March, 2014, that resulted in the uncertain conditions of the landfill＇s boundaries and the unstable state of the hydrologic performance. As a result, applying conventional stability analysis methods used for natural landslides to this case would be difficult. In order to analyze this disaster, we took a multistage modeling technique to analyze the varied characteristics of the land- fill slope＇s structure at various stages of CSW dumping and used the non-steady flow theory to explain the groundwater seepage problem. The investigation showed that the landfill could be divided into two units based on the moisture in the land： （1） a front uint, consisted of the landfill slope, which had low water content; and （2） a rear unit, consisted of fresh waste, which had a high water content. This struc- ture caused two effects-surface-water infiltration and consolidation seepage that triggered the landslide in the landfill. Surface-water infiltration induced a gradual increase in pore water pressure head, or piezometric head, in the front slope because the infiltrating position rose as the volume of waste placement increased. Consolidation seepage led to higher excess pore water pressures as the loading of waste increased. We also investigated the post-failure soil dynamics parameters of the landslide deposit using cone penetration, triaxial, and ring-shear tests in order to simulate the characteristics of a flowing slide with a long run-out due to the liquefaction effect. Finally, we conclude the paper with lessons from the tens of catastrophic landslides of municipal solid waste around the world and discuss how to better manage the geotechnical risks of urbanization.

Cell Engineering in Vitro and in Vivo for Environmental and Medical Biotechnology

The analysis was made over the leukograms of leukocyte concentrate in venous blood of healthy people （77 persons） and a group consisting from 18 persons with hybrid cells （LE-phenomenon） detected in them. Authors constructed in vitro processes, which take place in vivo, and got the artificial morphological analogue of LE-cells through a physical and chemical agent--polyethylene glycol. The suggestion was made that the formation of hybrid cells in vivo （on the example of lupus erythematosus） depends on a contact of examinee with ecological toxicants.

An analytical model for pyrolysis of a single biomass particle

Decreasing in emissions of greenhouse gases to confront the global warming needs to replace fossil fuels as the main doer of the world climate changes by renewable and clean fuels produced from biomass like wood waste which is neutral on the amount of CO2. An analytical and engineering model for pyrolysis process of a single biomass particle has been presented. Using a two-stage semi global kinetic model which includes both primary and secondary reactions, the effects of parameters like shape and size of particle as well as porosity on the particle temperature profile and product yields have been investigated. Comparison of the obtained results with experimental data shows that our results are in a reasonable agreement with previous researchers' works. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is done to determine the importance of each parameter on pyrolysis of a single biomass particle which is affected by many constant parameters.

Lighting Products' Health and Comfort Evaluation System

With the global promotion of LED lighting products, the health and safety of LED products has drawn wider attention. This paper systematically introduces the ergonomic evaluation （methods and indicators） svstem for heahh and comfort which differs from the traditional manpowered physical detection, and sketches out the evaluation indicators and its industrialization prospect.

Chromosomal Engineering of Escherichia coli for Efficient Production of Coenzyme Q_(10)

The plasmid-expression system is routinely plagued by potential plasmid instability. Chromosomal integration is one powerful approach to overcome the problem. Herein we report a plasmid-free hyper-producer E.coli strain for coenzyme Q10 production. A series of integration expression vectors, pxKC3T5b and pxKT5b, were constructed for chemically inducible chromosomal evolution(multiple copy integration) and replicon-free and markerless chromosomal integration(single copy integration), respectively. A coenzyme Q10 hyper-producer Escherichia coli TBW20134 was constructed by applying chemically inducible chromosomal evolution,replicon-free and markerless chromosomal integration as well as deletion of menaquinone biosynthetic pathway.The engineered E. coli TBW20134 produced 10.7 mg per gram of dry cell mass(DCM) of coenzyme Q10 when supplemented with 0.075 g·L-1of 4-hydroxy benzoic acid; this yield is unprecedented in E. coli and close to that of the commercial producer Agrobacterium tumefaciens. With this strain, the coenzyme Q10 production capacity was very stable after 30 sequential transfers and no antibiotics were required during the fermentation process. The strategy presented may be useful as a general approach for construction of stable production strains synthesizing natural products where various copy numbers for different genes are concerned.

Research On Construction And Optimization Of Curriculum System To Biological Engineering

Curriculum system construction is the core of talent training plan and the key to school operations.This article carried on a more in-depth study and discussion to biological curriculum system construction project,described the four aspects characteristics of the curriculum,and discussed in the course of system integration, comprehensive and updated curriculum, bilingual education and the strengthening of the four areas to carry out comprehensive, innovative experiments.

Research Characterized the Physical Properties of Recycled Aggregate of Civil Construction Wastes

One of the big problems of the urban centres of the cities in Brazil is the growth of the generation of the Civil Construction Waste （CCW）. A disturbing concern for the public and private sectors is to find proper disposal of Urban Solid Waste （USW） in large cities, since suitable dumping sites for this waste are increasingly scarce due to the spread and development of large urban centres. In general, recycling is currently one of the procedures most studied by researchers for disposal of such waste. In this context and aiming a new application for recycled CCW aggregates, the research characterized the physical properties of the material to use in fill compaction piles in soil improvement. The analysis shows results from laboratorial tests executed in CCW recycled samples, which came from works in different construction stages from Recife-PE, and natural aggregate, adopted as a reference. Characterization tests were performed with samples CCW recycled CLue aggregates and samples of natural fine aggregate （stone powder）. The results of characterization tests showed similarities between the CCW samples tested and the reference samples, indicating that the civil construction wastes has potcntial use as material for consolidation piles in foundation works.

Construction of Fusion Expression Vector Carrying GFP and ZmCIPK

[Objective] The aim was to isolate the CBL-interacting protein kinases(CIPK)from maize(Zea mays L.)and construct the fusion gene expression vector which consisted the ZmCIPK8 and GFP.[Method] The ZmCIPK8 cDNA was successfully cloned by using RT-PCR method.And then,it was connected to the pBlueScript SK(pSK)plasmid,which contained the GFP gene.So that the fusion gene vector pSK-CIPK-GFP was obtained.Then,the fusion gene was connected into the efficient plant expression vector PBI121 to construct the fusion gene expression vector PBI-CIPK-GFP.At last,the recombined expression vector was transformed to Agrobacterium tumefaciems LBA4404 to produce the engineering strain LBA4404-PBI-CIPK-GFP.[Result] The fusion gene expression vector which consisted of GFP and ZmCIPK8 gene and engineering strain LBA4404-PBI-CIPK-GFP were successfully constructed.[Conclusion] The results lays a foundation for further study of subcellular localization of ZmCIPK8,which can help to clarify the molecular mechanism of regulation serious stresses,and also provides an important basis for the research on resistance stress engineering of maize.

Human hip joint center analysis for biomechanical design of a hip joint exoskeleton

We propose a new method for the customized design of hip exoskeletons based on the optimization of the humanmachine physical interface to improve user comfort. The approach is based on mechanisms designed to follow the natural trajectories of the human hip as the flexion angle varies during motion. The motions of the hip joint center with variation of the flexion angle were measured and the resulting trajectory was modeled. An exoskeleton mechanism capable to follow the hip center＇s movement was designed to cover the full motion ranges of flexion and abduction angles, and was adopted in a lower extremity assistive exoskeleton. The resulting design can reduce human-machine interaction forces by 24.1% and 76.0% during hip flexion and abduction, respectively, leading to a more ergonomic and comfortable-to-wear exoskeleton system. The humanexoskeleton model was analyzed to further validate the decrease of the hip joint internal force during hip joint flexion or abduction by applying the resulting design.

Multi-Physics CFD Simulations in Engineering

Nowadays Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） software is adopted as a design and analysis tool in a great number of engineering fields. We can say that single-physics CFD has been suffciently matured in the practical point of view. The main target of existing CFD software is single-phase flows such as water and air. However, many multi-physics problems exist in engineering. Most of them consist of flow and other physics, and the interactions between different physics are very important. Obviously, multi-physics phenomena are critical in devel- oping machines and processes. A multi-physics phenomenon seems to be very complex, and it is so difficult to be predicted by adding other physics to flow phenomenon. Therefore, multi-physics CFD techniques are still under research and development. This would be caused from the facts that processing speed of current computers is not fast enough for conducting a multi-physics simulation, and furthermore physical models except for flow physics have not been suitably established. Therefore, in near future, we have to develop various physical models and ef- ficient CFD techniques, in order to success multi-physics simulations in engineering. In the present paper, I will describe the present states of multi-physics CFD simulations, and then show some numerical results such as ice accretion and electro-chemical machining process of a three-dimensional compressor blade which were obtained in my laboratory. Multi-physics CFD simulations would be a key technology in near future.

Metabolic engineering of Streptomyces coelicolor for enhanced prodigiosins (RED) production

Bacterial prodigiosins are red-colored secondary metabolites with multiple activities,such as anticancer,antimalarial and immunosuppressive,which hold great potential for medical applications.In this study,dramatically enhanced prodigiosins(RED) production in Streptomyces coelicolor was achieved by combinatorial metabolic engineering,including inactivation of the repressor gene ohkA,deletion of the actinorhodin(ACT) and calcium-dependent antibiotic(CDA) biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs) and multi-copy chromosomal integration of the RED BGC.The results showed that ohkA deletion led to a 1-fold increase of RED production over the wild-type strain M145.Then,the ACT and CDA BGCs were deleted successively based on the AohkA mutant(SBJ101).To achieve multi-copy RED BGC integration,artificial ΦC31 attB site(s) were inserted simultaneously at the position where the ACT and CDA BGCs were deleted.The resulting strains SBJ102(with a single deletion of the ACT BGC and insertion of one artificial attB site) and SBJ103(with the deletion of both BGCs and insertion of two artificial attB sites) produced 1.9-and 6-fold higher RED titers than M145,respectively.Finally,the entire RED BGC was introduced into mutants from SBJ101 to SBJ103,generating three mutants(from SBJ104 to SBJ106) with chromosomal integration of one to three copies of the RED BGC.The highest RED yield was from SBJ106,which produced a maximum level of 96.8 mg g^(-1) cell dry weight,showing a 12-fold increase relative to M145.Collectively,the metabolic engineering strategies employed in this study are very efficient for the construction of high prodigiosin-producing strains.