As Internet becomes largely used in the AEC (architecture, engineering andconstruction) industry, the main focus is in the area of information and project management. In thedynamic engineering consulting, less has bee...As Internet becomes largely used in the AEC (architecture, engineering andconstruction) industry, the main focus is in the area of information and project management. In thedynamic engineering consulting, less has been done so far. This research tries to find thepossibility and potential of the Internet application in design and consulting for the AEC industryby proposing a working model in specific area, steel construction. Several issues have beendiscussed: defining and formatting the typical procedure and character of the steel constructionconsulting, behavior approach based on activities among partners, and the model organization.展开更多
Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossi...Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossible to construct engineering structures in all debris flow areas in a short period. Therefore, the government aims to gradually develop non-structural preventive strategies, including evacuation planning, debris flow disaster emergency action system, disaster resistant community program, recruitment of debris flow professional volunteers, debris flow warning systems, and land management strategies, to mitigate disasters and secure the safety of residents. This review describes the processes and effects of recent debris flow non-structural preventive strategies in Taiwan. The average number of casualties prior to the year 2000 was far higher than the corresponding number after 2000 because debris flow evacuation drills have been promoted since 2000 and the debris flow disaster emergency action system has been progressively improved since 2002. Furthermore, the changes in risks caused by debris flow disasters before and after the implementation of non-structural preventive strategies were used to explain the effectiveness of these strategies at the community level. The results showed that softwarebased non-structural preventive strategies can effectively reduce the casualties caused by debris flows at both the national and community levels.展开更多
Structural bionic design lacks mature and scientific theories, and the excellent structural characteristics of natural organisms sometimes cannot be transferred into engineering structures effectively. Aiming at overc...Structural bionic design lacks mature and scientific theories, and the excellent structural characteristics of natural organisms sometimes cannot be transferred into engineering structures effectively. Aiming at overcoming the existing problems, this paper summarizes three related theories: similarity theory, fuzzy evaluation theory and optimization theory. Based on the related theories, a method of structural bionic design is introduced, which includes four steps: selecting the most useful structural characteristic of natural organism; analyzing the structural characteristic finally chosen for engineering problem; completing the structural bionic design for engineering structure; and verifying the structural bionic design. Similarity theory and fuzzy evaluation theory are employed to achieve Step 1. In Step 2 and Step 3, optimization theory is employed to analyze the parameters of structures. Together with the thoughts of simplification and grouping, optimization theory can reveal the relationship between organism structure and engineering structure, providing a way to structural bionic design. A general evaluation criterion is proposed in Step 4, which is feasible to evaluate the performance of different structures. Finally, based on the method, a structural bionic design of thin-walled cylindrical shell is introduced.展开更多
In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate co...In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disorders.展开更多
The field of earthquake engineering and seismology is of great importance to structural engineers around the world. The location, size and consequences of an earthquake are variable depending on several conditions. Su...The field of earthquake engineering and seismology is of great importance to structural engineers around the world. The location, size and consequences of an earthquake are variable depending on several conditions. Surface conditions, boundary/fault type, distance from the boundary and hypocenter are all elements that dictate the outcome of a seismic event. The paper presents a comparison of seismic provisions of two seismic design codes--EC8 （Eurocode 8） and IBC （International Building Code） 2006, to a high-rise reinforced concrete building. The building is irregular and composes of 20 floors. The equivalent lateral force analysis was performed using the well-known structure program--ETABS （Extended 3D Analysis of Building Systems）. Based on the analysis results （inter-storey index, global damage index, storey displacement, inter-storey drift ratio and base shear）, EC8 was found to be conservative when compared with IBC 2006. The conclusion is that for the design and analysis of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings with certain irregularity, EC8 provisions were considered to be conservative.展开更多
Whether the breakdown structure and coding system of construction projects are reasonable or not determines to a large degree the performance level of the entire project management. We analyze in detail the similariti...Whether the breakdown structure and coding system of construction projects are reasonable or not determines to a large degree the performance level of the entire project management. We analyze in detail the similarities and differences of two kinds of decomposing methods classified by type of work and construction elements based on the discussion of international typical coding standards system designing. We then deduce the differential coefficient relation between project breakdown structure (PBS) and work breakdown structure (WBS). At the same time we constitute a comprehensive construction project breakdown system including element code and type of work code and make a further schematic presentation of the implementation of the system’s functions.展开更多
In order to investigate the behavior of buildings and engineering structures during earthquakes, based on the data of seismic observation devices mounted on constructions with typical characteristics, results of inves...In order to investigate the behavior of buildings and engineering structures during earthquakes, based on the data of seismic observation devices mounted on constructions with typical characteristics, results of investigating the change of mechanical properties of building structural system over time and the results of examination of structural rigidity and safety change over time, depending on the dynamic characteristics of the building, determined by experimental investigations made at intervals are mentioned in this article. In addition, evaluation of earthquake acceleration acting on structures due to earthquake-induced damage characteristics of buildings and engineering constructions which are made earthquake resistant is also included here.展开更多
The emergence and development of constructal theory,which has been a new discipline branch to research sorts of structures in nature and engineering,are reviewed.The core of the constructal theory is that various shap...The emergence and development of constructal theory,which has been a new discipline branch to research sorts of structures in nature and engineering,are reviewed.The core of the constructal theory is that various shapes and structures of the matters in nature are generated from the tendency to obtain optimal performance.Constructal theory and its application are summarized,from disciplines such as heat,mechanism,fluid flow,electricity,magnetism and chemistry,to life and non-life systems in nature.展开更多
As an essential lifeline engineering system,water distribution network should provide enough water to maintain people's life after earthquake in addition to working under daily operation.However,the design of wate...As an essential lifeline engineering system,water distribution network should provide enough water to maintain people's life after earthquake in addition to working under daily operation.However,the design of water distribution network usually ignores the influence of earthquake,resulting in water stoppage in large area during many recent strong earthquakes.This study introduced a seismic design approach of water distribution network,i.e.,topology optimization design.With network topology as the optimization goal and seismic reliability as the constraint,a topology optimization model for designing water distribution network under earthquake is established.Meanwhile,two element investment importance indexes,a pipeline investment importance index and a diameter investment importance index,are introduced to evaluate the importance of pipelines in water distribution network.Then,four combinational optimization algorithms,a genetic algorithm,a simulated annealing genetic algorithm,an ant colony algorithm and a particle swarm algorithm,are introduced to solve this optimization model.Moreover,these optimization algorithms are used to optimize a network with 19 nodes and 27 pipelines.The optimization results of these algorithms are compared with each other.展开更多
Using the acoustic emission locating technology to monitor the health of the structure is important for ensuring the continuous and healthy operation of the complex engineering structures and large mechanical equipmen...Using the acoustic emission locating technology to monitor the health of the structure is important for ensuring the continuous and healthy operation of the complex engineering structures and large mechanical equipment. In this paper, four fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensors are used to establish the sensor array to locate the acoustic emission source. Firstly, the nonlinear locating equations are established based on the principle of acoustic emission, and the solution of these equations is transformed into an optimization problem. Secondly, time difference extraction algorithm based on the phase transform(PHAT) weighted generalized cross correlation provides the necessary conditions for the accurate localization. Finally, the genetic algorithm(GA) is used to solve the optimization model. In this paper, twenty points are tested in the marble plate surface, and the results show that the absolute locating error is within the range of 10 mm, which proves the accuracy of this locating method.展开更多
文摘As Internet becomes largely used in the AEC (architecture, engineering andconstruction) industry, the main focus is in the area of information and project management. In thedynamic engineering consulting, less has been done so far. This research tries to find thepossibility and potential of the Internet application in design and consulting for the AEC industryby proposing a working model in specific area, steel construction. Several issues have beendiscussed: defining and formatting the typical procedure and character of the steel constructionconsulting, behavior approach based on activities among partners, and the model organization.
基金the National Science Council of Taiwan (NSC 102-2811-B-005022) for financially supporting
文摘Taiwan has disadvantageous conditions for sediment-related disasters such as debris flows. The construction of engineering structures is an effective strategy for reducing debris flow disasters. However, it is impossible to construct engineering structures in all debris flow areas in a short period. Therefore, the government aims to gradually develop non-structural preventive strategies, including evacuation planning, debris flow disaster emergency action system, disaster resistant community program, recruitment of debris flow professional volunteers, debris flow warning systems, and land management strategies, to mitigate disasters and secure the safety of residents. This review describes the processes and effects of recent debris flow non-structural preventive strategies in Taiwan. The average number of casualties prior to the year 2000 was far higher than the corresponding number after 2000 because debris flow evacuation drills have been promoted since 2000 and the debris flow disaster emergency action system has been progressively improved since 2002. Furthermore, the changes in risks caused by debris flow disasters before and after the implementation of non-structural preventive strategies were used to explain the effectiveness of these strategies at the community level. The results showed that softwarebased non-structural preventive strategies can effectively reduce the casualties caused by debris flows at both the national and community levels.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50975012)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20091102110022)
文摘Structural bionic design lacks mature and scientific theories, and the excellent structural characteristics of natural organisms sometimes cannot be transferred into engineering structures effectively. Aiming at overcoming the existing problems, this paper summarizes three related theories: similarity theory, fuzzy evaluation theory and optimization theory. Based on the related theories, a method of structural bionic design is introduced, which includes four steps: selecting the most useful structural characteristic of natural organism; analyzing the structural characteristic finally chosen for engineering problem; completing the structural bionic design for engineering structure; and verifying the structural bionic design. Similarity theory and fuzzy evaluation theory are employed to achieve Step 1. In Step 2 and Step 3, optimization theory is employed to analyze the parameters of structures. Together with the thoughts of simplification and grouping, optimization theory can reveal the relationship between organism structure and engineering structure, providing a way to structural bionic design. A general evaluation criterion is proposed in Step 4, which is feasible to evaluate the performance of different structures. Finally, based on the method, a structural bionic design of thin-walled cylindrical shell is introduced.
基金supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (EB006433, EY023101, EB008389,and HL117664)the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET1450956, CBET-1264782, and DGE-1069104),to Bin He
文摘In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disorders.
文摘The field of earthquake engineering and seismology is of great importance to structural engineers around the world. The location, size and consequences of an earthquake are variable depending on several conditions. Surface conditions, boundary/fault type, distance from the boundary and hypocenter are all elements that dictate the outcome of a seismic event. The paper presents a comparison of seismic provisions of two seismic design codes--EC8 （Eurocode 8） and IBC （International Building Code） 2006, to a high-rise reinforced concrete building. The building is irregular and composes of 20 floors. The equivalent lateral force analysis was performed using the well-known structure program--ETABS （Extended 3D Analysis of Building Systems）. Based on the analysis results （inter-storey index, global damage index, storey displacement, inter-storey drift ratio and base shear）, EC8 was found to be conservative when compared with IBC 2006. The conclusion is that for the design and analysis of high-rise reinforced concrete buildings with certain irregularity, EC8 provisions were considered to be conservative.
文摘Whether the breakdown structure and coding system of construction projects are reasonable or not determines to a large degree the performance level of the entire project management. We analyze in detail the similarities and differences of two kinds of decomposing methods classified by type of work and construction elements based on the discussion of international typical coding standards system designing. We then deduce the differential coefficient relation between project breakdown structure (PBS) and work breakdown structure (WBS). At the same time we constitute a comprehensive construction project breakdown system including element code and type of work code and make a further schematic presentation of the implementation of the system’s functions.
文摘In order to investigate the behavior of buildings and engineering structures during earthquakes, based on the data of seismic observation devices mounted on constructions with typical characteristics, results of investigating the change of mechanical properties of building structural system over time and the results of examination of structural rigidity and safety change over time, depending on the dynamic characteristics of the building, determined by experimental investigations made at intervals are mentioned in this article. In addition, evaluation of earthquake acceleration acting on structures due to earthquake-induced damage characteristics of buildings and engineering constructions which are made earthquake resistant is also included here.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51176203)the Natural Science Foundation of Naval University of Engineering (Grant No. HGDYDJJ10011)
文摘The emergence and development of constructal theory,which has been a new discipline branch to research sorts of structures in nature and engineering,are reviewed.The core of the constructal theory is that various shapes and structures of the matters in nature are generated from the tendency to obtain optimal performance.Constructal theory and its application are summarized,from disciplines such as heat,mechanism,fluid flow,electricity,magnetism and chemistry,to life and non-life systems in nature.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. SLDRCE09-B-12)the Natural Science Funds for Young Scholars of China (Grant No.50808144)
文摘As an essential lifeline engineering system,water distribution network should provide enough water to maintain people's life after earthquake in addition to working under daily operation.However,the design of water distribution network usually ignores the influence of earthquake,resulting in water stoppage in large area during many recent strong earthquakes.This study introduced a seismic design approach of water distribution network,i.e.,topology optimization design.With network topology as the optimization goal and seismic reliability as the constraint,a topology optimization model for designing water distribution network under earthquake is established.Meanwhile,two element investment importance indexes,a pipeline investment importance index and a diameter investment importance index,are introduced to evaluate the importance of pipelines in water distribution network.Then,four combinational optimization algorithms,a genetic algorithm,a simulated annealing genetic algorithm,an ant colony algorithm and a particle swarm algorithm,are introduced to solve this optimization model.Moreover,these optimization algorithms are used to optimize a network with 19 nodes and 27 pipelines.The optimization results of these algorithms are compared with each other.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41472260)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(No.2016JC012)the Young Scholars Program of Shandong University(No.2016WLJH30)
文摘Using the acoustic emission locating technology to monitor the health of the structure is important for ensuring the continuous and healthy operation of the complex engineering structures and large mechanical equipment. In this paper, four fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensors are used to establish the sensor array to locate the acoustic emission source. Firstly, the nonlinear locating equations are established based on the principle of acoustic emission, and the solution of these equations is transformed into an optimization problem. Secondly, time difference extraction algorithm based on the phase transform(PHAT) weighted generalized cross correlation provides the necessary conditions for the accurate localization. Finally, the genetic algorithm(GA) is used to solve the optimization model. In this paper, twenty points are tested in the marble plate surface, and the results show that the absolute locating error is within the range of 10 mm, which proves the accuracy of this locating method.
