论工程造价管理在工程中的重要性

工程造价直接关系到企业盈利能力的发展,也关系到施工能否在规定期限内保证质量。我国不完善的工程过价体系络工程造价控制的各个方面带染了诸多问题,需通过法律和行政手段控制工程造价,完善工程造价管理体系。基于此,论迷了建筑造价管理的重要性,分析了工程造价体系存在的问题并提出了解决办法。

Online complex nonlinear industrial process operating optimality assessment using modified robust total kernel partial M-regression

Although industrial processes often perform perfectly under design conditions, they may deviate from the optimal operating point owing to parameters drift, environmental disturbances, etc. Thus, it is necessary to develop efficacious strategies or procedure to assess the process performance online. In this paper, we explore the issue of operating optimality assessment for complex industrial processes based on performance-similarity considering nonlinearities and outliers simultaneously, and a general enforced online performance assessment framework is proposed. In the offline part, a new and modified total robust kernel projection to latent structures algorithm,T-KPRM, is proposed and used to evaluate the complex nonlinear industrial process, which can effectively extract the optimal-index-related process variation information from process data and establish assessment models for each performance grades overcoming the effects of outlier. In the online part, the online assessment results can be obtained by calculating the similarity between the online data from a sliding window and each of the performance grades. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of online assessment, we propose an online assessment strategy taking account of the effects of noise and process uncertainties. The Euclidean distance between the sliding data window and the optimal evaluation level is employed to measure the contribution rates of variables, which indicate the possible reason for the non-optimal operating performance. The proposed framework is tested on a real industrial case: dense medium coal preparation process, and the results shows the efficiency of the proposed method comparing to the existing method.

The Implementation of Decision Support System for Realizing Effective Usability of CNC Operator Knowledge Capturing System

This article describes experimental evaluations of the authors＇ previous studies on the knowledge-based system （KBS） aimed at capturing and managing CNC （Computer Numerical Control） operator knowledge. The proposed KBS follow thinking steps of CNC operators when they assess machining parameters described in the CAM （Computer Aided Manufacturing） file before proceeding to CNC machining processes. Also, the decision support system equipped with expert system （ES） has been proposed to realize efficient knowledge capturing system and effective usability of captured knowledge, and to recommend actions and decisions. From the viewpoint of providing useful information, the KBS should be aware of context or constraints in which the user has to deal with. In this study, the usefulness of DSS （Decision Support System） and ES is experimentally evaluated using real cases. Comparing the results of the testing participants with and without the DSS and ES, the effectiveness and usefulness were demonstrated. In addition, it was shown that the proposed system is also useful to narrow the discrepancies between CAM and CNC operators, focusing on CNC milling operations.

Comprehensive Evaluation and Prediction of Enhancement of Boiling Heat Transfer with Additives

A model of evaluation and prediction of enhancement of boiling heat transfer with additives has been proposed according to fuzzy fundamentals. Correlative appraisement of boiling heat transfer augmentation was done with the model based on 39 additives which were tested by the authors and other researchers. The results show that the evaluation of 35 additives is consistent with experiments, which means that the accuracy of the model is 89.7 percent. In addition, the prediction of the ability of boiling heat transfer enhancement with sodium oleate, polyethylene glycol and Tween-40 is also in good agreement with correspondent experiments.

Identification of Sustainability Indicators and Evaluation of Transportation Corridors during Construction Using Fuzzy VIKOR Method

Sustainability is popularly defined as meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Social, economic and environmental parameters are most commonly accepted as the three pillars of sustainability. In this paper, various sustainability indicators have been identified during the construction stage for elevated transportation corridors and thereafter classified under various categories. Using fuzzy VIKOR technique, sustainability evaluation of transportation corridors is made on two selected project sites of two different government organizations using various identified sustainability indicators, i.e., a 3.2-km long elevated road project under construction from Vikaspuri to Meerabagh in West Delhi by PWD （Public Works Department） and the metro rail elevated corridor （part） from Punjabi Bagh to Mayapuri as a part of Phase 3, Line 7 by DMRC （Delhi Metro Rail Corporation）. The study is made at both sites in the midst of the construction period and it is identified that during the construction stage, the sustainability of these transportation corridors is just not limited to three pillars, but in actuality, it is much beyond that. From the study, it is inferred that the metro rail elevated corridor is a more sustainable corridor, in the context of the identified sustainability indicators.

The Analysis of Industry Cluster＇s Collusion Risk Based on Industrial Value Chain

According to the problems which the researchers at home and abroad have studied, the article establishes the system of industry cluster model based on the value chain, and analyzes the process of collusion risk evolved in industry cluster by perturbation theory based on value chain, aiming to find theoretical basis for controlling the evolvement process of collusion risk.

Towards industrialization of graphene oxide

Graphene oxide(GO)has demonstrated potential applications in various fields,and attracted intensive attention in industry as well.Numerous companies worldwide have been working on the industrial applications of GO-based materials in,e.g.,thermal management,multifunctional composites,anti-corrosion paints,lubricants,energy storage,environment protection and biomedicals.This review presents a short summary on the proceedings of GO towards industrialization,including the large-scale production and some promising applications,by providing views on the processing strategies and challenges specifically for the industrial use of GO.This review would help the scientists in this area to find topics for overcoming challenges together with engineers.