中国传统民间工艺造物保护的基本思路探析

作为传统文化物化形式的传统民间工艺造物深深根植于传统文化之中,它不仅是一定社会生产生活的反映,也是民族民间文化的反映。文章主要从中国传统民间工艺造物思想的人文精神、理性精神、工艺属性等方面着手,对传统民间工艺造物保护、传承和发展进行探索,也为其保护、传承和发展提供必要的理论支撑。

和而不同--论漆画个性化语言的表现

漆画是传统漆工艺在当今发展的新形式,它脱胎于漆工艺,有工艺美术的属性;同时,作为一个画种,它也要遵循画的一般规律和要求。在大美术的背景下,各画种的相互借鉴和学习已经成为一种趋势。漆画相对于其他画种而言起步较晚,因此对其他画种的借鉴也较为常见,但有些漆画作品因为借鉴过多而失去了自身画种的个性。要想让漆画具有标识度,创作者就必须在漆的语境下创作,将个人的审美、感悟、理解用漆的语言表达出来;同时也应求同存异,合理地借鉴和吸收其他画种的营养。只有在这一思路的指引下,漆画才能在当今艺坛获得长足的发展。

中国北方游牧民族器物的工艺美术属性转化的研究——以马具为例

本文对以蒙古族为代表的中国北方游牧民族的传统工艺美术进行分析,剖析其与农耕民族传统工艺美术的区别。为使当下已经改变生活方式的游牧民族的传统工艺美术得以继承保留,尝试在器物的属性转化的方式下实现。游牧民族工艺美术一般都以生产生活用具为载体,是工艺美术发展的初级阶段,如生产生活方式改变必然导致其工艺美术逐渐流失。将游牧民族器物的工艺美术属性放大,推动其发展为工艺美术的高级阶段,适应已经改变生活方式的游牧民族,并保存其民族文化。

Study on GNi-WC25 Coating by High Frequency Induction Cladding

Process and mechanism of high frequency were studied in this paper by means of cold attachment for the preparation of GNi WC25 coating . The results show its special distribution law of eddy current while the magnetic transition temperature and electric resistivity of the coating have been measured .Wear resistance of the high frequency induction coating has an advantage over those of laser cladding coating and oxygen acetylene spraying fusing coating . Moreover , the GNi WC25 coating by high frequency induction cladding has smooth surface and even microstructure.

Finite Element Analysis for Multi-pass Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Equal channel angular pressing （ECAP） is an attractive process method to produce bulk uhra-fine grained materials. There are many experiment evidences showing that the nature of the microstructural evolution in multi-pass ECAP depends on process routes. Isothermal three dimensional FEM simulations for muhi-pass ECAP were performed using DEFORM3D finite element code. The material model of 6061A1-T6 was employed. Flow nets, effective strain distribution in the workpiece and loads during multi-pass ECAP using different routes were analysed respectively, The simulations show process routes influence material flow and effective strain distri- bution in the workpiece obviously but have few influence on loads.

Effect of Metal Contamination on the Performance of Catalyst for Deep Catalytic Cracking Process

The effect of different metal contamination levels of catalysts for Deep Catalytic Cracking(DCC) on the distribution and selectivity of DCC products was investigated in a FCC pilot unit. The pilot test results showed that the effects of the metal contamination level of catalyst on the propylene yield,the coke yield,the LPG yield,the gasoline yield,the selectivity of low carbon olefins,and coke selectivity was significant,and that the influence of metal contamination level on the conversion and dry gas yield was minor.

Simulation of pressure effects on hot isostatic pressing of stainless steel powder

To investigate the effects of pressure on the hot isostatic pressing(HIP) process of a stainless steel powder,density distribution and deformation of the powder at four different applied pressure levels were predicted and compared by using finite element method(FEM).Constitutive relations of porous compacts during HIP process were derived based on the yield criterion of porous metal materials.Thermo-mechanical coupling calculations were carried out by the MSC.Marc.Densification mechanisms were studied through evolutions of relative density,equivalent plastic strain and equivalent viscoplastic strain rate for compacts.The simulation results were also compared with experimental data.The results show that the densification rate and final density of compacts increase dramatically with the increase in the applied pressure level when it is below 100 MPa during HIP process,and the creep for compacts evolves into steady stage with the improvement of density.

Extraction process in Chuantieling(CTL) based on the quality by design(QbD) concept

Objective This study aimed to design and optimize the water extraction process for Chuantieling(喘贴灵,CTL)based on the concept of quality by design(QbD).Methods The single-factor experiments were used to select the best experimental points of CTL water extraction.On this basis,the transfer rate of ephedrine hydrochloride and sin-apine thiocyanate,and the yield of the extract were evaluated as the evaluation indicators.The liquid-solid ratio,extraction time,and pH value were selected as the main factors to carry out the Box-Behnken design(BBD).A mathematical model of the critical process parameters(CPPs)and critical quality attributes(CQAs)was established,the interaction between CQAs and CPPs was examined,and the CTL extraction process design space was established and optimized,which guaranteed the stability of the process.The high performance liquid chro-matography(HPLC)was used to analyze the main active compounds in the CTL extract.Results Through single-factor experiments,the best experimental parameters were found to be a liquid-solid ratio of 8∶1,extraction time of 90 min,pH value of 4,and extraction times of three.The experimental variance analysis results of the BBD showed that the P value of the re-gression model was less than 0.05,and the lack-of-fit value was greater than 0.01,indicating that the constructed model had good predictive ability.The operating space of the CPPs of the CTL water extraction process was combined with the actual production situation.In the pro-duction situation,the best extraction process was nine times of water addition,72 min of ex-traction time,and 4.5 of pH value.The HPLC results showed that the peak areas of ephedrine hydrochloride,sinapine thiocyanate,tetrahydropalmatine,methyl eugenol,cinnamaldehyde,and 6-gingerol in the CTL extract accounted for 0.94%,14.32%,0.78%,31.23%,0.34%,and 0.44%of the total peak area,respectively.Conclusion The water extraction process design space of CTL based on QbD was conducive to actual production operations,ensuring the stability of the process.

当代风景题材漆画创作的自然审美观——兼谈我的漆画创作

漆画的特色在于材料工艺性与绘画表现性的完美统一,既不简单是漆艺材料的堆积,也不是失去工艺属性的任意绘制。漆画工艺与绘画的双重性使其与其他画种区别明显,自身的艺术语言日趋鲜明。纵观历届全国性的漆画展览,作品的艺术效果有着极强的兼容性特点,中国画的审美情境、油画的绘画张力、工艺制作的工整细腻性以及漆质的变幻肌理装饰等在漆画中都可淋漓尽致的呈现。