To date,the Three Gorges Project is the largest hydro junction in the world.It is the key project for the integrated water resource management and development of the Changjiang River.The technology of the project,with...To date,the Three Gorges Project is the largest hydro junction in the world.It is the key project for the integrated water resource management and development of the Changjiang River.The technology of the project,with its huge scale and comprehensive benefits,is extremely complicated,and the design difficulty is greater than that of any other hydro project in the world.A series of new design theories and methods have been proposed and applied in the design and research process.Many key technological problems regarding hydraulic structures have been overcome,such as a gravity dam with multi-layer large discharge orifices,a hydropower station of giant generating units,and a giant continual multi-step ship lock with a high water head.展开更多
China is a large marine country. Developing marine economy is an effective way to solve a series of problems with which man is faced, such as the want of natural resources, space limitation, the environmental deterior...China is a large marine country. Developing marine economy is an effective way to solve a series of problems with which man is faced, such as the want of natural resources, space limitation, the environmental deterioration, etc. This article analyzes the rich resources of marine biology, harbor, offshore oil and natural gas and coastal tourism resources in China and describes the developing features and regional differences of marine economy. To realize the sustainable development of marine economy in China, what we need to do are as follows: 1) to list exploiting ocean into national development strategy; 2) to realize integrated economy of sea and land; 3) to develop ocean by science and technology; 4) to perfect legal institution of marine environment: 5) to establish new idea of sea defending. KEY WORDS: marine resources: marine economy; marine industrial structure; sustainable development展开更多
Using CHIP (Chinese Household Income Project Survey) data and the sample selection bias corrected wage function model, this paper estimated changes in wage structure in China by ownership types (SOEs, COEs, FEs, an...Using CHIP (Chinese Household Income Project Survey) data and the sample selection bias corrected wage function model, this paper estimated changes in wage structure in China by ownership types (SOEs, COEs, FEs, and PEs) in 1995 and 2007. The major conclusions are as follows. First, effects of education on wage levels in SOEs and FEs become greater, while education effects decrease in SOEs and PEs under economic transition periods; firm-specific human capital becomes more important in the wage determination mechanism along with market-oriented reforms in SOEs, PEs, and FEs; age effect decreases in SOEs and COEs, but it becomes greater in PEs and FEs. Second, there exist wage structure differences between sectors by wage distributions. For example, in 2007, in SOEs, education return rates are higher for the low-wage and middle-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 40th percentile. However in COEs and FEs, education return rates are higher for the high-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 70th percentile in COEs and at the 70th percentile in FEs. Tenure effects are greater in the middle-wage groups (40th-80th) in SOEs, COEs, and FEs, and age effects are greater in the low-wage groups (5th-30th) in SOEs, FEs, and PEs.展开更多
A key target of the overall strategy implementation for regional development since the 18th Party Congress of China has involved taking measures to narrow regional disparities. This is because resource-based cities...A key target of the overall strategy implementation for regional development since the 18th Party Congress of China has involved taking measures to narrow regional disparities. This is because resource-based cities' economic development has fallen below general levels due to resource exhaustion and an unbalanced industrial structure, among other factors. Further, an economic gap has long existed between Northeast China's large number of resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities. This article comprehensively studies the economic convergence of Northeast China's resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities from 1996 to 2015 by using a dynamic panel to analyze not only the economic development of different industries and types of cities, but also the main factors that influence economic development. The empirical results demonstrate that economic convergence exists in both resource-based and non-resource-based cities, but the economic gap between them has clearly narrowed since the implementation of a strategy to revitalize the Northeast's old industrial base. Shrinking cities are the fastest to converge, as mature cities are slower and regenerating cities are the slowest; regarding industry structure, the secondary industry dominates the economy in mature and shrinking cities, and the tertiary industry in regenerating cities. The primary stimulus in resource-based cities' economic development involves upgrading the industrial structure and investing in human capital. As China faces a ‘new normal' economy, resource-based cities in Northeast China should restructure the economy and perfect their market system to avoid again widening the economic gap.展开更多
On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating...On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model and comes to the following conclusions:(1) Increasing the level of real interest rates will expand the share of consumption in GDP,improve the macroeconomic structure,and promote steady economic development;(2) Increasing the level of real wages will enhance economic growth but will not change the economic structure of consumption and investments;(3) Increasing wages will enhance economic growth and expand its share in national income;(4) Increasing wages will not lower output level but will be favorable to the improvement of economic structure.Therefore,this paper argues for interest rates liberalization to achieve long-term,steady economic development in China.展开更多
With human capital levels.Jar lower when compared to developed countries, large developing countries derive their comparative advantages from the coupling between heterogeneous human capital and a diverse industrial s...With human capital levels.Jar lower when compared to developed countries, large developing countries derive their comparative advantages from the coupling between heterogeneous human capital and a diverse industrial structure, physical capital investment and technological level. This theory explains that despite low levels of human capital, large developing countries can still achieve rapid economic growth. Empirical research using the coupling factor model has supported this theoretical hypothesis. The policy implications are obvious: Large developing countries should enhance the adaptation of human capital to diversify their industrial structure, physical capital investment and technological level while constantly increasing human capital investment. This approach will tap their full potential, avert their weaknesses and promote rapid and sustained economic development.展开更多
The resource advantage of resourceful region has made the region develop very fast. However because the resource is of exhausting character, this means that the region has hidden troubles of economic depression. The p...The resource advantage of resourceful region has made the region develop very fast. However because the resource is of exhausting character, this means that the region has hidden troubles of economic depression. The paper analyzes the formation of resourceful region and the law of resourceful regions economic development, and then the paper brings forward that the resourceful region has a potential danger of economic depression. Considering Chinas economic development practice, the paper puts forward a basic way of thinking. That is: we must attach importance to the problem of industrial structure when we pay attention to existing resource advantage in order to avoid the simplification of regional industrial structure and to avoid entering a vicious cycle.展开更多
In contrast to the previous studies of knowledge capital from the perspective of enterprises, this study discusses the employee knowledge capital formation mechanism in the supply chain using social network method fro...In contrast to the previous studies of knowledge capital from the perspective of enterprises, this study discusses the employee knowledge capital formation mechanism in the supply chain using social network method from the perspective of social capital s~'ucture, taking individual employees as the study objects. 150 effective questionnaires of three groups were returned by multistage cluster sampling, and then they were analyzed through regression and the structural equation model. The results are as follows: (1) the acquisition of social capital and knowledge capital is affected by the network structure position of the employees in the supply chain; (2) the knowledge capital is affected by how much social capital the employees obtained in the supply chain; (3) social capital is an intermediary variable to affect the knowledge capital in the network structure. Finally, related suggestions for the supply chain management and the subsequent studies are proposed. 1展开更多
The ongoing internationalization of companies goes hand in hand with an increase of international assignments. With it, knowledge is transferred and diverse teams emerge in the subsidiaries abroad. However, expatriati...The ongoing internationalization of companies goes hand in hand with an increase of international assignments. With it, knowledge is transferred and diverse teams emerge in the subsidiaries abroad. However, expatriation management and diversity management have been separated areas so far. Thus, the readiness to use expatriation as an integral element of an overall diversity strategy has been evaluated in an exploratory empirical study. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with both expatriates and HR (human resources) managers in six subsidiaries and the headquarters of an international mechanical engineering company. It was found that operative aspects of the expatriate management dominate the viewpoint of those involved. However, the findings also suggest that an implicit recognition of advantages that stem from the variety of individual employees exists. Willingness to systematically strengthen the exchange and learning process was detected. Based on these results, a new approach could be conceptualized and implemented. This provides various foci for further research.展开更多
A new process for the co-production of vinyl acetate monomer and acetic acid from ethane feedstock was studied. Various configurations were proposed and simulation results were given for each case to optimize process ...A new process for the co-production of vinyl acetate monomer and acetic acid from ethane feedstock was studied. Various configurations were proposed and simulation results were given for each case to optimize process variables. This new process offers an overall yield values above 70% with minimum separation steps involved and the possibility of utilities integration. The process does not involve any CO production, thus becoming environmentally more favorable. The initial capital investment of the proposed process is much lower compared to the conventional route.展开更多
文摘To date,the Three Gorges Project is the largest hydro junction in the world.It is the key project for the integrated water resource management and development of the Changjiang River.The technology of the project,with its huge scale and comprehensive benefits,is extremely complicated,and the design difficulty is greater than that of any other hydro project in the world.A series of new design theories and methods have been proposed and applied in the design and research process.Many key technological problems regarding hydraulic structures have been overcome,such as a gravity dam with multi-layer large discharge orifices,a hydropower station of giant generating units,and a giant continual multi-step ship lock with a high water head.
文摘China is a large marine country. Developing marine economy is an effective way to solve a series of problems with which man is faced, such as the want of natural resources, space limitation, the environmental deterioration, etc. This article analyzes the rich resources of marine biology, harbor, offshore oil and natural gas and coastal tourism resources in China and describes the developing features and regional differences of marine economy. To realize the sustainable development of marine economy in China, what we need to do are as follows: 1) to list exploiting ocean into national development strategy; 2) to realize integrated economy of sea and land; 3) to develop ocean by science and technology; 4) to perfect legal institution of marine environment: 5) to establish new idea of sea defending. KEY WORDS: marine resources: marine economy; marine industrial structure; sustainable development
文摘Using CHIP (Chinese Household Income Project Survey) data and the sample selection bias corrected wage function model, this paper estimated changes in wage structure in China by ownership types (SOEs, COEs, FEs, and PEs) in 1995 and 2007. The major conclusions are as follows. First, effects of education on wage levels in SOEs and FEs become greater, while education effects decrease in SOEs and PEs under economic transition periods; firm-specific human capital becomes more important in the wage determination mechanism along with market-oriented reforms in SOEs, PEs, and FEs; age effect decreases in SOEs and COEs, but it becomes greater in PEs and FEs. Second, there exist wage structure differences between sectors by wage distributions. For example, in 2007, in SOEs, education return rates are higher for the low-wage and middle-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 40th percentile. However in COEs and FEs, education return rates are higher for the high-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 70th percentile in COEs and at the 70th percentile in FEs. Tenure effects are greater in the middle-wage groups (40th-80th) in SOEs, COEs, and FEs, and age effects are greater in the low-wage groups (5th-30th) in SOEs, FEs, and PEs.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41471111)China’s Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M621191)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2412017QD020)
文摘A key target of the overall strategy implementation for regional development since the 18th Party Congress of China has involved taking measures to narrow regional disparities. This is because resource-based cities' economic development has fallen below general levels due to resource exhaustion and an unbalanced industrial structure, among other factors. Further, an economic gap has long existed between Northeast China's large number of resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities. This article comprehensively studies the economic convergence of Northeast China's resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities from 1996 to 2015 by using a dynamic panel to analyze not only the economic development of different industries and types of cities, but also the main factors that influence economic development. The empirical results demonstrate that economic convergence exists in both resource-based and non-resource-based cities, but the economic gap between them has clearly narrowed since the implementation of a strategy to revitalize the Northeast's old industrial base. Shrinking cities are the fastest to converge, as mature cities are slower and regenerating cities are the slowest; regarding industry structure, the secondary industry dominates the economy in mature and shrinking cities, and the tertiary industry in regenerating cities. The primary stimulus in resource-based cities' economic development involves upgrading the industrial structure and investing in human capital. As China faces a ‘new normal' economy, resource-based cities in Northeast China should restructure the economy and perfect their market system to avoid again widening the economic gap.
文摘On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model and comes to the following conclusions:(1) Increasing the level of real interest rates will expand the share of consumption in GDP,improve the macroeconomic structure,and promote steady economic development;(2) Increasing the level of real wages will enhance economic growth but will not change the economic structure of consumption and investments;(3) Increasing wages will enhance economic growth and expand its share in national income;(4) Increasing wages will not lower output level but will be favorable to the improvement of economic structure.Therefore,this paper argues for interest rates liberalization to achieve long-term,steady economic development in China.
文摘With human capital levels.Jar lower when compared to developed countries, large developing countries derive their comparative advantages from the coupling between heterogeneous human capital and a diverse industrial structure, physical capital investment and technological level. This theory explains that despite low levels of human capital, large developing countries can still achieve rapid economic growth. Empirical research using the coupling factor model has supported this theoretical hypothesis. The policy implications are obvious: Large developing countries should enhance the adaptation of human capital to diversify their industrial structure, physical capital investment and technological level while constantly increasing human capital investment. This approach will tap their full potential, avert their weaknesses and promote rapid and sustained economic development.
文摘The resource advantage of resourceful region has made the region develop very fast. However because the resource is of exhausting character, this means that the region has hidden troubles of economic depression. The paper analyzes the formation of resourceful region and the law of resourceful regions economic development, and then the paper brings forward that the resourceful region has a potential danger of economic depression. Considering Chinas economic development practice, the paper puts forward a basic way of thinking. That is: we must attach importance to the problem of industrial structure when we pay attention to existing resource advantage in order to avoid the simplification of regional industrial structure and to avoid entering a vicious cycle.
文摘In contrast to the previous studies of knowledge capital from the perspective of enterprises, this study discusses the employee knowledge capital formation mechanism in the supply chain using social network method from the perspective of social capital s~'ucture, taking individual employees as the study objects. 150 effective questionnaires of three groups were returned by multistage cluster sampling, and then they were analyzed through regression and the structural equation model. The results are as follows: (1) the acquisition of social capital and knowledge capital is affected by the network structure position of the employees in the supply chain; (2) the knowledge capital is affected by how much social capital the employees obtained in the supply chain; (3) social capital is an intermediary variable to affect the knowledge capital in the network structure. Finally, related suggestions for the supply chain management and the subsequent studies are proposed. 1
文摘The ongoing internationalization of companies goes hand in hand with an increase of international assignments. With it, knowledge is transferred and diverse teams emerge in the subsidiaries abroad. However, expatriation management and diversity management have been separated areas so far. Thus, the readiness to use expatriation as an integral element of an overall diversity strategy has been evaluated in an exploratory empirical study. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with both expatriates and HR (human resources) managers in six subsidiaries and the headquarters of an international mechanical engineering company. It was found that operative aspects of the expatriate management dominate the viewpoint of those involved. However, the findings also suggest that an implicit recognition of advantages that stem from the variety of individual employees exists. Willingness to systematically strengthen the exchange and learning process was detected. Based on these results, a new approach could be conceptualized and implemented. This provides various foci for further research.
文摘A new process for the co-production of vinyl acetate monomer and acetic acid from ethane feedstock was studied. Various configurations were proposed and simulation results were given for each case to optimize process variables. This new process offers an overall yield values above 70% with minimum separation steps involved and the possibility of utilities integration. The process does not involve any CO production, thus becoming environmentally more favorable. The initial capital investment of the proposed process is much lower compared to the conventional route.