本文通过语料库检索“巧”及“巧了”的相关语料,发现二者均经历了语法化过程。汉字“巧”经历了由“巧1”表具体技艺义,到“巧2”表恰好程度义,到“巧3”表消极态度义的语义演变过程;词性由形容词向副词转变;句法位置由核心主语或宾语...本文通过语料库检索“巧”及“巧了”的相关语料,发现二者均经历了语法化过程。汉字“巧”经历了由“巧1”表具体技艺义,到“巧2”表恰好程度义,到“巧3”表消极态度义的语义演变过程;词性由形容词向副词转变;句法位置由核心主语或宾语转变为补语;词语感情色彩从积极到中性、再到消极。而“巧了”以“巧”字为基础,从“巧了1”的具体技艺义,到“巧了2”“巧了3”的程度义、概率义,再到“巧了4”的联系义;其句法位置从核心谓语到补语、再到独立的话语标记;其感情色彩经历了“积极–中性–消极–中性”的转变过程。此外,“巧”及“巧了”的语法化虽表现出强烈的单向性倾向,但也包含了一些单向性反例现象,有助于发现和了解更多的演变动因和条件,丰富和加深对语言演变的理解,同时也进一步说明了语法化并非是单一的线性活动,而是一个复杂的过程。By means of the corpus tool, it can be found that “Qiao” and “Qiaole” have undergone the process of grammaticalization. “Qiao” has experienced the semantic shifts from “Qiao1”, expressing a concrete skill, to “Qiao2”, demonstrating an abstract coincidence, and to “Qiao3”, indicating the negative attitude;the part of speech of Qiao changes from adjective to adverb;the syntactic position changes from the subject or object to the complement;the implied emotional color varies from positive to neutral and then to negative. The grammaticalization of “Qiaole” is based on the word “Qiao”, from the meaning of a specific skill of “Qiaole1” to the abstract meaning of degree and probability of “Qiaole2” and “Qiaole3”, and then to the connection meaning of “Qiaole4”;the syntactic position changes from predicate to complement and then to independent discourse mark. The emotional color has also experienced a “positive-neutral-negative-neutral” transformation process. In addition, the grammaticalization of “Qiao” and “Qiaole” not only reflects the strong unidirectional tendency of grammaticalization, but also contains some unidirectional counterexamples. Those counterexamples are helpful to discover more causes of language evolution and further illustrate that grammaticalisation is not a singular linear process, but a complex process.展开更多
文摘本文通过语料库检索“巧”及“巧了”的相关语料,发现二者均经历了语法化过程。汉字“巧”经历了由“巧1”表具体技艺义,到“巧2”表恰好程度义,到“巧3”表消极态度义的语义演变过程;词性由形容词向副词转变;句法位置由核心主语或宾语转变为补语;词语感情色彩从积极到中性、再到消极。而“巧了”以“巧”字为基础,从“巧了1”的具体技艺义,到“巧了2”“巧了3”的程度义、概率义,再到“巧了4”的联系义;其句法位置从核心谓语到补语、再到独立的话语标记;其感情色彩经历了“积极–中性–消极–中性”的转变过程。此外,“巧”及“巧了”的语法化虽表现出强烈的单向性倾向,但也包含了一些单向性反例现象,有助于发现和了解更多的演变动因和条件,丰富和加深对语言演变的理解,同时也进一步说明了语法化并非是单一的线性活动,而是一个复杂的过程。By means of the corpus tool, it can be found that “Qiao” and “Qiaole” have undergone the process of grammaticalization. “Qiao” has experienced the semantic shifts from “Qiao1”, expressing a concrete skill, to “Qiao2”, demonstrating an abstract coincidence, and to “Qiao3”, indicating the negative attitude;the part of speech of Qiao changes from adjective to adverb;the syntactic position changes from the subject or object to the complement;the implied emotional color varies from positive to neutral and then to negative. The grammaticalization of “Qiaole” is based on the word “Qiao”, from the meaning of a specific skill of “Qiaole1” to the abstract meaning of degree and probability of “Qiaole2” and “Qiaole3”, and then to the connection meaning of “Qiaole4”;the syntactic position changes from predicate to complement and then to independent discourse mark. The emotional color has also experienced a “positive-neutral-negative-neutral” transformation process. In addition, the grammaticalization of “Qiao” and “Qiaole” not only reflects the strong unidirectional tendency of grammaticalization, but also contains some unidirectional counterexamples. Those counterexamples are helpful to discover more causes of language evolution and further illustrate that grammaticalisation is not a singular linear process, but a complex process.
