地震波数值模拟中差分阶数的边界效应

提出了声波正演数值模拟中计算网格间差分阶数(精度)的不衔接而引起的边界反射效应问题,采用不同中心网格有限差分法求解声波波动方程来验证。数值实例分析表明,同差分阶数间不存在任何边界效应,而当差分阶数较低且网格间差分阶数递变较大时,边界效应显著,通过缩小差分网格间的递变阶数并提高相应的离散阶数,可以有效压制该边界效应,并保证计算结果具有较高的信噪比和可信度。

地震波数值模拟中差分近似的各向异性分析

有限差分算法存在固有的数值频散问题,在正演过程中会严重干扰有效波场,降低地震波场的分辨率。针对此,从最简单的平面波数值理论分析出发,推导了任意高阶有限差分近似条件下相对相速度和相对群速度的计算公式,给出了求解最佳Courant数的计算方法,分析了差分近似造成的各向异性效应。理论分析和数值实例研究表明,正演数值模拟的精度与最小波长节点数、Courant数、有限差分近似阶数这3个因素密切相关,通过合理调节这3个量可以提高有效波场区域的数值模拟精度,拓宽正演波场的频带宽度,提高数值模拟的计算效率。

地震波数值模拟中优化的通量校正传输方法

为了有效提高地震波正演数值模拟精度,提出了一种优化的通量校正传输方法,即在每一步时间递推过程中,沿坐标轴方向和对角线方向均引入通量校正参数进行波场校正处理,以高频散的均匀介质地震模拟波场为例,研究对比了不同中心网格有限差分近似阶数、传统的FCT方法和优化的FCT方法校正得到的地震波场效果。数值计算结果表明,传统的FCT方法容易产生虚假波场,而优化的FCT方法可以削弱或消除这些假波动,并指出结合高差分阶数和应用优化的FCT方法可以更好地提高数值模拟记录的信噪比。

一种环境音频数据分类方法

为了实现对环境音频信号及其相关数据的自动分析,提出了一种环境音频数据分类方法。分类过程中,首先用短时平均幅度对音频数据进行有效分段;然后,计算分段音频数据的长度和平均过零率;最后,计算并生成一个分段音频数据的Mel频率倒谱系数(MFCC)和一阶差分Mel频率倒谱系数(△MFCC)特征参数。分类操作上,根据有效分段的长度和平均过零率确定分类搜索的范围,并在局部范围内采用DTW(Dynamic Time Warping,动态时间规整)分类算法。实验结果验证了该方法对各种环境音频数据分类的有效性。

变阶数有限差分法及逆时偏移有效边界存储最优化策略

地震资料逆时偏移方法在计算过程中需要保存大量的波场信息,这种巨大的存储需求限制了该方法的实际应用.因此,研究能够显著降低波场存储量的存储策略对于推进逆时偏移方法的实用化具有重要的理论意义和实际价值.本文分别从时间和空间的角度提出了相应的波场存储策略:(1)提出变阶数有限差分算子,在计算波场左、右和下边界处时,将差分阶数由高阶递减至二阶,结合有效边界存储策略,可在不损失波场重建精度的同时大幅降低波场存储量;(2)借鉴checkpoint策略和缓冲区思想,提出了基于拉格朗日乘子法的参数最优化方案,在时间方向上压缩波场存储量.通过对二维盐丘模型进行震源波场重建和逆时偏移存储量测试,结果表明:本文方法可实现对震源波场的高精度重建,与传统方法相比,在不损失成像精度的前提下,新的存储策略可大幅降低逆时偏移方法的波场存储需求.

广西GDP的时间序列模型的建立与实证分析

综合运用了判别时间序列平稳性的方法,利用单位根方法检验时间序列的差分阶数;利用自相关函数图和偏相关函数图判别时间序列模型的自回归阶数(AR(p))和滑动平均阶数(MA(q)),建立广西GDP的时间序列模型.再利用TSP软件采用OLS法对时间序列模型进行回归分析与显著性检验,并对通过检验的回归结果进行分析与预测.

Finite-difference numerical modeling with even-order accuracy in two-phase anisotropic media

To improve the accuracy of the conventional finite-difference method, finitedifference numerical modeling methods of any even-order accuracy are recommended. We introduce any even-order accuracy difference schemes of any-order derivatives derived from Taylor series expansion. Then, a finite-difference numerical modeling method with any evenorder accuracy is utilized to simulate seismic wave propagation in two-phase anisotropic media. Results indicate that modeling accuracy improves with the increase of difference accuracy order number. It is essential to find the optimal order number, grid size, and time step to balance modeling precision and computational complexity. Four kinds of waves, static mode in the source point, SV wave cusps, reflection and transmission waves are observed in two-phase anisotropic media through modeling.

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF EVOLUTIONS FROM WALL PULSE TO TURBULENT COHE RENT STRUCTURES

The high order compact d if ference method is developed for solving the perturbation equations based on Navi er Stokes equations, and is used in studying complex evolution processes from w all negative pulse to the turbulent coherent structure in the channel flow. Th is method contains three dimensional coupling difference scheme with high accur acy and high resolution, and the high order time splitting methods. Compared with the general spectral method, the method can be used to research turbule nt coherent structure under more general boundary conditions and in flow domains . In this paper, the generation and evolution of the turbulent coherent structur es ind uced by wall pulse in the channel flow are simulated, and the basic characterist ics and rules of the turbulent coherent structure are shown. Computational r esults indicate that a wall negative pulse is more convenient than the resonant three wave model.

Effects of Carbon Sequestration Strategies on Agricultural Production in the North China Plain

For thousands of years, the North China Plain has been one of the most productive agricultural regions of the country, and the future of this region will be determined in large part by how global climatic change impact regional conditions and by actions taken to mitigate or adapt to impacts of climate change. It is of great importance to estimate the effects of carbon sequestration measures taken to mitigate or adapt to impacts of climate change with proper economic outcome models. This paper aims to measure the effects of the most commonly used carbon sequestration measures, fertilization and irrigation, on agricultural production in the North China Plain.

动背景中高速掠过点目标的双窗口捕捉算法

为解决动背景下高速掠过点目标的实时探测问题,探讨了一种新的算法:首先采用基于帧间差分向量一阶范数的目标检测算法对图象进行预处理,实现大面积背景抑制,提取可疑目标点;然后,对提取的可疑目标点采用双窗口搜索算法捕捉运动点目标。该算法简单,运算量小,易于实现。实验结果验证了算法的有效性。

A Dual Wavelength Differential First Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Identification and Determination of Carbon Monoxide Generated During the Microsomal Metabolism of Xenobiotics in vitro

A dual wavelength differential first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed to standardize the concentration of a saturated aqueous solution of carbon monoxide (CO) as the standard and to identify and to determine CO formed during the microsomal metabolism of xenobiotics in vitro. The method can significantly eliminate the background interference in the assay media and increase the quantitative accuracy and the sensitivity. There is a good linear relationship between CO concentration in the range of 2～10 μmol·L 1 CO and the distance D between the first derivative peak at 415 nm amd valley at 426 nm with r=0.9999(n=5),the regression equation being C (mmol·L 1 )=17.6D 0.4, the detection limit lower than 0.1 μmol·L 1 CO. The average recoveries of CO from the assay system and the sample were 102.1%, RSD=2.9% (n=7) and 79.7%, RSD=6.8% (n=12),respectively. The RSD of within day was 4.4%(n=18),and the RSD of day to day was 6.1%(n=16). By this method, four trihaloanilines and one trihalobenzene were tested, the results showed that only 2,4,5 trifluoroaniline could be converted to CO by the incubation with rat hepatic microsomes, NADPH and oxygen, the ability of phenobarbital or dexamethasone to induce rat hepatic microsomes to catalyze CO formation was 3 or 8 times higher than that of the control.

Saint-Venant Fractional Equation and Hydraulic Gradient

The overall objectives to support analytically the mathematical background of hydraulics, linking the Navier-Stokes with hydraulic formulas, which origin is experimental but have wide and varied application. This, leads us study the inverse problem of the coefficients of differential equations, such as equations of the porous medium, Saint-Venant, and Reynolds, and accordingly with the order of derivatives. The research led us to see that the classic version suffers from a parameter that reflects the fractal and non-local character of the viscous interaction. Motivated by the concept of spatial occupancy rate, the authors set forth Navier-Stokes＇s fractional equation and the authors obtain the fractional Saint-Venant. In particular, the hydraulic gradient, or friction, is conceived as a fractional derivative of velocity. The friction factor is described as a linear operator acting on speed, so that the information it contains is transferred to the order of the derivative, so that the same is linearly related to the exponent of the friction factor. It states Darcy＇s non-linear law. The authors take a previous result that describes the nonlinear flow law with a leading term that contains a hyper-geometric function, whose parameters depend on the exponent of the friction factor and the exponent of the hydraulic radius. It searches the various laws of flow according to the best known laws of hydraulic resistance, such as Chezy and Manning.

Analysis of one-dimensional consolidation of fractional viscoelastic saturated soils under continuous drainage boundary conditions

This paper presents the one-dimensional(1D)viscoelastic consolidation system of saturated clayey soil under continuous drainage boundaries.The fractional-derivative Merchant(FDM)model has been introduced into the consolidation system to simulate the viscoelasticity.Swartzendruber’s flow law is also introduced to describe the non-Darcian flow characteristics simultaneously.The generalized numerical solution of the 1D consolidation under continuous boundaries is given by the finite difference scheme.Furthermore,to illustrate the effectiveness of the numerical method,two simplified cases are compared against the current analytical and numerical results.Finally,the effects of boundary parameters and model parameters on the viscoelastic consolidation were illustrated and discussed.The results indicated that the boundary parameters have a significant influence on consolidation.The larger the values of boundary parameters,the faster the whole dissipation of the excess pore-water pressure and soils’settlement rate.Fractional-order and viscosity parameter have little effect on consolidation,which are primarily significant in the middle and late consolidation phases.With the increase of the modulus ratio,the whole consolidation process becomes faster.Moreover,considering Swartzendruber’s flow delays the consolidation rate of the soil layer.

Problems of Personal Income Tax System and Suggestions： from Function of Tax Adjustment Income Gap

China has a late start in personal income tax, and for many years through six times of revision, it still fails to really achieve the purpose of narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor and adjusting income distribution. What follows is an analysis of personal adjustment tax income from the proportion of Gini coefficient, Engels coefficient and salaried class of personal income tax, and an explanation of problems and countermeasures of salaried class expense deduction standard, tax rate design, high-income crowd tax regulation.

基于隐马尔科夫模型的猪只状态自动识别技术

为了实现猪只不同状态下声音的自动监测,试验采用声音识别技术,首先将猪只不同状态的声音信号进行双门限端点检测和预加重处理,然后通过大量试验对比,采用小波阈值法对声音信号进行去噪处理,并提取梅尔倒谱系数(MFCC)和一阶差分梅尔倒谱系数(ΔMFCC)作为描述特征,建立隐马尔可夫模型(HMM),最后对猪只不同状态的声音进行自动识别。结果表明:猪只状态识别精度较高,有助于提高自动监测系统的智能化判断能力。

A fractional-order multifunctional n-step honeycomb RLC circuit network

We investigate a multifunctional n-step honeycomb network which has not been studied before. By adjusting the circuit parameters, such a network can be transformed into several different networks with a variety of functions, such as a regular ladder network and a triangular network. We derive two new formulae for equivalent resistance in the resistor network and equivalent impedance in the LC network, which are in the fractional-order domain. First, we simplify the complex network into a simple equivalent model. Second, using Kirchhoff＇s laws, we establish a fractional difference equation. Third, we construct an equivalent transformation method to obtain a general solution for the nonlinear differential equation. In practical applications, several interesting special results are obtained. In particular, an n-step impedance LC network is discussed and many new char- acteristics of complex impedance have been found.

A second order finite difference-spectral method for space fractional diffusion equations

A high order finite difference-spectral method is derived for solving space fractional diffusion equations,by combining the second order finite difference method in time and the spectral Galerkin method in space.The stability and error estimates of the temporal semidiscrete scheme are rigorously discussed,and the convergence order of the proposed method is proved to be O(τ2+Nα-m)in L2-norm,whereτ,N,αand m are the time step size,polynomial degree,fractional derivative index and regularity of the exact solution,respectively.Numerical experiments are carried out to demonstrate the theoretical analysis.

Exact Solutions for Fractional Differential-Difference Equations by an Extended Riccati Sub-ODE Method

In this paper, an extended Riccati sub-ODE method is proposed to establish new exact solutions for fractional differential-difference equations in the sense of modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. By a fractional complex transformation, a given fractional differential-difference equation can be turned into another differential-difference equation of integer order. The validity of the method is illustrated by applying it to solve the fractional Hybrid lattice equation and the fractional relativistic Toda lattice system. As a result, some new exact solutions including hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions and rational solutions are established.

Growth of Solutions of a Differential Equations with Class of Higher Order Linear Coefficients Being Gap Series

In this paper, we investigate the growth of solutions of a class of higher order linear differential equations with coefficients being gap series. In this case, we remove the condition that the order of coefficients in equations is less than 1/2, and obtain some results which improve the previous results.

Approximate Solutions of Nonlinear Fractional Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov Equations Using an Enhanced Algorithm of the Generalized Two-Dimensional Differential Transform Method

By constructing the iterative formula with a so-called convergence-control parameter, the generalized two-dimensional differential transform method is improved. With the enhanced technique, the nonlinear fractional Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov equations are dealt analytically and approximate solutions are derived. The results show that the employed approach is a promising tool for solving many nonlinear fractional partial differential equations. The algorithm described in this work is expected to be employed to solve more problems in fractional calculus.