Due to the fast development of industrialization and urbanization, shorelineextraction is necessary for the sustainable development and environment protection inmany countries. This study focused on the accurate metho...Due to the fast development of industrialization and urbanization, shorelineextraction is necessary for the sustainable development and environment protection inmany countries. This study focused on the accurate methods of extracting theinstantaneous waterline —shoreline obtained as the same instant as the satellite imageis acquired. Based on NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) and MNDWI(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index), the study changed the bandcombination and proposed a second modified normalized water index (SMNDWI) toextract the waterline. And, this new index is applied to three types of coast to evaluatethe performance of this method with traditional ones. Results show that SNDWI isbetter than NDWI and suitable for applying to the waterline extraction.展开更多
Aiming at the problems of high time-consuming, low accuracy and weak versatility of the existing methods of wa- ter extraction based on TM image, this paper combines principal component analysis （PCA） with the modif...Aiming at the problems of high time-consuming, low accuracy and weak versatility of the existing methods of wa- ter extraction based on TM image, this paper combines principal component analysis （PCA） with the modified normalized difference water index （MNDWI） which was improved by XU Han-qiu to construct a false color composite image that could separate water from others easily. This method can realize the water extraction based on TM image by analyzing the spectral characteristics of water in this false color image and establishing a water extraction model. This paper also compares the effi- ciency of this method with MNDWI, （TM2 ＋ TM3） - （TM4 ＋ TM5） and new water index （NWI）, which were applied in the city and mountain of Taiyuan, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can extract water body from TM im- age more rapidly and efficiently and its accuracy is up to 94.03 %. In addition, this method does not require a manual selec- tion threshold, which meets the research reuuirement of high automaticm.展开更多
With the global economic integration, companies from different countries are involved in increasingly close interchange and unavoidably run into the problem of culture difference in management, and properly handling t...With the global economic integration, companies from different countries are involved in increasingly close interchange and unavoidably run into the problem of culture difference in management, and properly handling the resulting culture conflict is of positive practical significance. The enterprise culture is the coexistence of culture and management. Different cultural background decides totally different business philosophy and management style.？Chinese culture belongs to the humanistic culture, while western culture is a culture of science. The difference between two kinds of culture mainly lies in four aspects which are decision making, management philosophy, governance structure and the judgment criterion of the management effect. Enterprise management culture in the west has both advantages and disadvantages. China enterprises should foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, and combine the excellent traditional culture and the western advanced scientific management culture organically.展开更多
基金supported by Tianjin Natural Science Foundation Project (14JCYBJC22500)
文摘Due to the fast development of industrialization and urbanization, shorelineextraction is necessary for the sustainable development and environment protection inmany countries. This study focused on the accurate methods of extracting theinstantaneous waterline —shoreline obtained as the same instant as the satellite imageis acquired. Based on NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) and MNDWI(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index), the study changed the bandcombination and proposed a second modified normalized water index (SMNDWI) toextract the waterline. And, this new index is applied to three types of coast to evaluatethe performance of this method with traditional ones. Results show that SNDWI isbetter than NDWI and suitable for applying to the waterline extraction.
文摘Aiming at the problems of high time-consuming, low accuracy and weak versatility of the existing methods of wa- ter extraction based on TM image, this paper combines principal component analysis （PCA） with the modified normalized difference water index （MNDWI） which was improved by XU Han-qiu to construct a false color composite image that could separate water from others easily. This method can realize the water extraction based on TM image by analyzing the spectral characteristics of water in this false color image and establishing a water extraction model. This paper also compares the effi- ciency of this method with MNDWI, （TM2 ＋ TM3） - （TM4 ＋ TM5） and new water index （NWI）, which were applied in the city and mountain of Taiyuan, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can extract water body from TM im- age more rapidly and efficiently and its accuracy is up to 94.03 %. In addition, this method does not require a manual selec- tion threshold, which meets the research reuuirement of high automaticm.
文摘With the global economic integration, companies from different countries are involved in increasingly close interchange and unavoidably run into the problem of culture difference in management, and properly handling the resulting culture conflict is of positive practical significance. The enterprise culture is the coexistence of culture and management. Different cultural background decides totally different business philosophy and management style.？Chinese culture belongs to the humanistic culture, while western culture is a culture of science. The difference between two kinds of culture mainly lies in four aspects which are decision making, management philosophy, governance structure and the judgment criterion of the management effect. Enterprise management culture in the west has both advantages and disadvantages. China enterprises should foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, and combine the excellent traditional culture and the western advanced scientific management culture organically.
