吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(GIFT)群体内的形态差异与分化

研究所用60个家系的吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼(GIFT strain Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus;简称吉富罗非鱼)样本均为由世界渔业中心所在地马来西亚引进的原种。采用传统形态学测量方法,测量每尾鱼的体质量、体长、体高、体宽、头长、尾柄长和尾柄高后进行主成分分析和相关分析,研究吉富品系尼罗罗非鱼群体内的形态差异。结果显示,吉富罗非鱼体高与体质量的相关性最大(R2=0.9002)。在体长与体质量对应的点状分布中,总群体、雌雄群体和每个家系群体中均呈现出2条带状,分布于2条带的个体间质量差异不显著(P>0.05),对应的个体数量之比接近常数0.7;体高、体宽、头长、尾柄长和尾柄高相应的分布则呈现出变异幅度迥异的条带。本研究表明,吉富罗非鱼群体内部在形态上存在差异。

两种培养基间雨生红球藻细胞生长分化差异及磷的作用

本文以雨生红球藻游动细胞和不动细胞间Triton-100敏感性的差异为依据,进行一种快速监测培养过程中细胞分化指标的建立,对鱼生红球藻再BG11和BBM两种培养基中的细胞生长和分化差异,进行了深入的分析和对比,可以发现,对于BBM培养基而言,在其中培养八天,雨生红球藻的游动细胞,始终占据非常高的比例,但是在BG11培养基中,早期阶段的不动孢子囊会释放出的游动孢子,会在非常短的时间内,进一步转化为不动细胞。根本原因,就是BBM培养基中的游动细胞,会通过孢子囊或者是有丝分裂的模式,进一步使其分裂和增殖的能力得以维持,但是对于BG11培养基而言,这些繁殖形式进一步丧失,主要原因,就是磷浓度相对较低,在培养基之中,保证具备较高的磷含量,可以使雨生红球藻培养中期游动细胞的持续繁殖得到最大化地保持。

P38/AKT通路调控骨髓间充质干细胞在不同空间结构纳米纤维环支架中的定向分化

背景:以往研究表明多种材料可用于组织工程支架的构建,支架表面的拓扑结构特征对干细胞增殖、分化等生物学行为有调节作用,但其具体机制尚不明确。目的:研究骨髓间充质干细胞在纳米结构支架中定向分化过程中P38、AKT通路的作用。方法:构建3种结构不同的纳米纤维支架,即取向纳米纤维支架AFS、取向纳米纱支架AYS、三维多孔纳米纤维支架3-DPS;将大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分别接种于3种纳米纤维支架表面,成软骨诱导培养后,分别进行细胞形态、黏附、增殖检测,利用qRT-PCR检测细胞关键表型分子(Ⅱ型胶原α1、Ⅰ型胶原α1、蛋白聚糖、Sox-9)mRNA的表达水平,Western blot测定细胞内P38、AKT、ERK1/2、JNK的蛋白表达水平。结果与结论:①3-DPS支架组培养4,8 h的细胞黏附率高于其余两组支架(P<0.05),培养7 d的细胞增殖快于其余两组支架(P<0.05);②骨髓间充质干细胞在3种材料表面均贴附牢固,生长状态良好,其中在AFS、AYS支架上呈类成纤维细胞样生长,在3-DPS支架上呈类软骨细胞样生长;③成软骨诱导3周后,3-DPS支架组Ⅱ型胶原α1、蛋白聚糖、Sox9 mRNA表达高于其余两组支架(P<0.05),Ⅰ型胶原α1 mRNA表达低于其余两组支架(P<0.05);AFS支架组、AYS支架组中Ⅱ型胶原α1、蛋白聚糖、Sox9 mRNA表达无明显差异(P>0.05);④成软骨诱导3周后,3-DPS支架组p-AKT、p-P38蛋白相对表达量高于其余两组支架(P<0.05),3组间AKT总蛋白表达量及ERK1/2、JNK、P38、p-ERK1/2、p-JNK、p-P38蛋白表达量比较均无显著性意义;⑤结果表明,不同结构支架形貌可通过Integrin-FAK信号通路下游的P38、AKT通路诱导骨髓间充质干细胞的的定向分化。

不同户口类型流动人口城市生存状态的差异

基于2009年福建省一项问卷调查数据,从就业收入、社会保险、子女教育、居住和社会融合五个方面考察了流动人口中不同类型户口持有者的城市生存状况。结果表明,在上述五方面,流动人口的城市生存状况存在明显差别,而这些差别的产生仍与户口性质密切相关。

长三角地区城乡收入两极分化程度及其时空演变特征

根据城乡收入比和ER型指数测算结果,将长三角67县（区）分为4类,分析2006~2013年城乡收入两极分化程度,发现其存在明显的时空演变和地区分异特征,2006~2013年,长三角地区ER型指数整体呈上涨趋势,大部分地区城乡收入两极分化程度越来越严重。城乡收入极化程度各类型区的空间分布情况也随之发生了明显变化,极化程度在不同类型区的分布存在明显差异。省域间城乡收入极化程度差异也较大,上海市和江苏省极化程度呈上升趋势,浙江省变化较为平缓,且程度减弱的县（区）数量较多。

智商常态人群的智力个体差异研究述评

智力功能个体差异呈正态分布有不同观点:g因素决定特殊能力分化程度差异论、因素搭配差异论;单一认知机能、认知机能系统中的一个或者几个认知机能缺陷影响智力功能差异论;认知发展理论的要素功能大小和要素关联关系强弱、结构差异论;文化活动结构差异和遗传进化的神经效率差异论;神经活动特性水平和神经活动区域效率差异、人格中介情景任务和人格限制成分功能表现说。已有智力个体差异研究有四个不足,未来研究有四个方向。

Optimality of Group Testing with Differential Misclassification

Group testing is a method that can be used to estimate the prevalence of rare infectious diseases,which can effectively save time and reduce costs compared to the method of random sampling.However,previous literature only demonstrated the optimality of group testing strategy while estimating prevalence under some strong assumptions.This article weakens the assumption of misclassification rate in the previous literature,considers the misclassification rate of the infected samples as a differentiable function of the pool size,and explores some optimal properties of group testing for estimating prevalence in the presence of differential misclassification conforming to this assumption.This article theoretically demonstrates that the group testing strategy performs better than the sample by sample procedure in estimating disease prevalence when the total number of sample pools is given or the size of the test population is determined.Numerical simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of group tests in estimating prevalence in the presence of dilution effect.

组织工程技术修复椎间盘纤维环的研究现状及应用前景

背景:椎间盘纤维环的修复对脊柱手术的预后具有重要作用,但目前尚无理想的修复方式,近年来迅速发展的组织工程技术有望解决这一问题,通过构建支架-细胞复合体的方法在修复纤维环的同时实现纤维环及其临近椎间盘的再生长,达到生物学修复的目的。目的:综述纤维环修复技术的研究现状,重点阐述组织工程技术在该领域的应用情况,并展望及发展方向。方法:在PubMed、Web of Science等数据库中进行检索,关键词为"Annulus fibrosus;Tissue engineering;Annulus fibrosus;Mesenchymal stem cells"。结果与结论:组织工程技术在纤维环修复领域的应用已取得一定进展,现可获得理想结构的复合材料支架,干细胞在支架上可良好地黏附、增殖和分化,但具体分子机制尚不完全明确,细胞因子在干细胞增殖、分化方面的作用尚待进一步明确。提示组织工程技术在纤维环修复领域有较好的应用前景,进一步研究可能集中于支架拓扑结构、信号通路、非编码RNA等方面,力争进一步阐明干细胞在不同支架上差异分化的机制,为今后构建满足干细胞差异分化需要的组织工程支架奠定基础。

Sequence Difference of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region and Genetic Differentiation of Cervinae in China

[Objective] The study aimed at analyzing Genetic Differentiation of Cervinae. [Method] The complete mitochondrial DNA control region of five species of Cervinae was determined by direct DNA sequencing. Homologous sequences of others Cervinae were gained from GenBank, and then analyzed through biology software. [Result] The lengths of their control region were 921-1 072 bp, the nucleotide content of T, A, C, and G was 32.1%, 30.2%, 22.7% and 15.0% separately. Genetic distance of each species ranged from 0.062-0.106, which belonged to level of inter-genus. The molecular phylogenetic tree indicated that red deer, skia deer and White-lipped Deer had close relationship, and they constituted one branch with sambar deer. Eld＇s deer and elk deer constituted the second branch, and hog deer constituted the third branch alone. [Conclusion] Hog deer and fallow deer should be incorporated in Cervus, divergence time is about 1.55-2.60 million years among Cervinae in China.

Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pea Actin Isoforms

Pea ( Pisum sativum Linn.) actin gene family contains at least three isoforms (PEAcⅠ, PEAcⅡand PEAcⅢ), and the DNA sequence of these isoforms show high similarity in the coding regions and significant divergence in the untranslated regions. RT_PCR and Southern blotting using 3′_untranslated region (3′_UTR) as specific probe revealed that pea isoactin genes were expressed in roots, stems, leaves, tendrils, pollen and juvenile siliques, but displayed different patterns of transcript accumulation. Two_fold serial dilution electrophoresis showed PEAcⅠ mRNA preferentially accumulated in rapidly developing tissues: it peaked in seven days' stem; remained at a rather high level in leaves within a month but decreased significantly later; varied a little in tendrils and reached a median and a very low level respectively in juvenile siliques and in pollen. PEAcⅡ displayed somewhat similar expression pattern to PEAcⅠ. The observed differences in sequences and transcript accumulation patterns suggest that the individual pea actin genes may differ in their transcriptional regulation and cellular function. Phylogenetic tree of actins showed that pea actin isoforms are as diverged from each other as they are from other plant actins, and pea actins might have originated from a common ancestor before the divergence of the dicot and monocot plants.

认知方式和空间能力与制图成绩之间的关系研究

采用认知方式镶嵌图形测验和空间能力测验,探讨认知方式、空间能力和制图成绩的性别差异和专业分化,以及二者之间的相互关系。结果表明:制图成绩有着非常显著的性别差异,男生的制图成绩明显比女生好;中专生的场依存性—场独立性认知方式与其具体的专业分化有显著相关。认知方式与空间能力有显著的相关,场独立性组的空间能力同场依存性的空间能力有着非常显著差异。

Molecular Characterization of Four ADF Genes Differentially Expressed in Cotton

Actin depolymerizing factor （ADF）, highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells, is a low molecular mass of actin-binding protein, which plays a key role in modulating the polymerizing and depolymerizing of the actin filaments. Four cDNAs （designated GhADF2, GhADF3, GhADF4, and GhADF5, respectively） encoding ADF proteins were isolated from cotton （Gossypium hirsutum） fiber cDNA library. GhADF2 cDNA is 705 bp in length and deduces a protein with 139 amino acids. GhADF3 cDNA is 819 bp in length and encodes a protein of 139 amino acids. GhADF4 cDNA is 804 bp in length and deduces a protein with 143 amino acids. GhADF5 cDNA is 644 bp in length and encodes a protein of 141 amino acids. The molecular evolutionary relationship of these genes was analyzed by means of bioinformatics. GhADF2 is closely related to GhADF3 （99% identity） and PetADF2 （89% identity）. GhADF4 is closely related to AtADF6 （78% identity）, and GhADF5 is closely related to AtADF5 （83% identity）. These results demonstrated that the plant ADF genes are highly conserved in structure. RT-PCR analysis showed that GhADF2 is predominantly expressed in fiber, whereas, GhADF5 is mainly expressed in cotyledons. On the other hand, it seems that GhADF3 and GhADF4 have no tissue specificity. Expression levels of different ADF genes may vary considerably in the same cell type, suggesting that they might be involved in regulating tissue development of cotton and the each ADF isoform may diverge to form the functional difference from the other ADFs during evolution.

Comparison on the Chemical Compositions in the K326 Tobacco from Different Tobacco-planting Areas of Yunnan Province

[Objective] To compare the regional differences of the conventional chemi- cal compositions in the K326 B2F tobacco from different tobacco-planting areas of Yunnan Province. [Methed] Continuous flow analyzer was used to detect the con- ventional chemical compositions, and SPSS 17.0 statistical package was used to conduct data statistical analysis and variance analysis. [Result] Significant differences were existed among most of the indicators for conventional chemical compositions of K326 tobacco in different areas： the differences of total sugar, reducing sugar and nicotine reached a high Significant level; potassium ion and total nitrogen differences reached a significant level, while there was no significant difference in chlorine ion. Most of the conventional chemical compositions in K326 B2F tabacco planted in Yuxi region and those planted in Qujing, Dali and Chuxiong were significantly different. The total sugar, reducing sugar and nicotine contents of tobacco planted in eastern Yunnan, central Yunnan and western Yunnan were significantly different; while the conventional chemical compositions contents in the tobacco planted in Chuxiong and Dali, which all belong to western Yunnan, showed no obvious significant difference, indicating different ecological environments in large area had a great impact on the tobacco of Yunnan Province. [Conclusion] It revealed the regional characteristics of the conventional chemical compositions in K326 flue-cured tobacco leaves from Yunnan Province, providing references for the cigarette blending and production of high-quality tobacco with characteristics.

A Simultaneous Optimization Method for the Structure and Compo-sition Differences of a Mass Exchange Network

This article presents a new method to calculate the composition differences （e） for tar g.etin.g the minimum total annualized cost （TAC） of a mass exchange network （MEN）,which is based on the combination of composition interval diagram （CID） with mathematical programming.The total cost target consists of the capital cost of the process units and the operating cost for mass separating agents （MS.As）. The value of total cost varies considerablv with the composition differences, so the values of e should be optimized in order to obtain minimum TAC of a MEN. This articleconsiders ε as a set of unequal variables for each equilibrium equation of a rich-lean stream pair, employing them to build the CID and mathematical model, which optimizes the structure and composition differences simultaneously. Two examples are applied to illustrate the proposed method and the results demonstrate that the approach introduced by this article is simpler and more convenient than the methods in previous literatures.

Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus downregulates FCER1 and HRH4 expression in human mast cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of four probiotic bacteria and their combination on human mast cell gene expression using microarray analysis.METHODS:Human peripheral-blood-derived mast cells were stimulated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L.rhamnosus) GG (LGG),L.rhamnosus Lc705 (Lc705),Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.shermanii JS (PJS) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp.lactis Bb12 (Bb12) and their combination for 3 or 24 h,and were subjected to global microarray analysis using an Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array.The gene expression differences between unstimulated and bacteria-stimulated samples were further analyzed with GOrilla Gene Enrichment Analysis and Visualization Tool and MeV Multiexperiment Viewer-tool.RESULTS:LGG and Lc705 were observed to suppress genes that encoded allergy-related high-affinity IgE receptor subunits α and γ (FCER1A and FCER1G,respectively) and histamine H4 receptor.LGG,Lc705 and the combination of four probiotics had the strongest effect on the expression of genes involved in mast cell immune system regulation,and on several genes that encoded proteins with a pro-inflammatory impact,such as interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha.Also genes that encoded proteins with anti-inflammatory functions,such as IL-10,were upregulated.CONCLUSION:Certain probiotic bacteria might diminish mast cell allergy-related activation by downregulation of the expression of high-affinity IgE and histamine receptor genes,and by inducing a pro-inflammatory response.

Analysis on Regional Difference of Development of Elderly Care Real Estate in Gannan Area

The continuous expansion of the scale of the elderly population and the continuous acceleration of elderly population ageing have had a profound impact on China＇s economy, society and family, especially for the development of China＇s pension indusby, in this paper, taking Ganzhou City as an example, the population size, population ageing rate, urbanization rate and residential area were analyzed using Z-Scores standardized data processing model from three aspects： the population development level, the real estate market maturity degree and the service development level. The proportion of the tertiary industry and other indicators were used to explore the suitability of the development of eldedy care real estate, and cluster analysis was used to classify the sample areas according to the suitability. The results show that the 18 counties and cities in Ganzhou City could be divided into three categories, areas with poor suitability, areas with development potential, key development areas. Finally, suggestions were put forward that the target market of the development of old-age real estate could be comprehensively analyzed by combining the population development trend of the region with its thoughts and concepts, social and economic development, the maturity of the real estate market and the development of the service industry to ensure the sustainable operation of the old-age real estate.

Establishment of an arsenic-resistant human gallbladder carcinoma cell line and analysis of the differential expressions of genes associated with apoptosis

Objective： The aim of the study was to establish an arsenic trioxide （ATO）-resistant cell line of human gallbladder carcinoma, GBC-SD/ATO, and to analyze the differential expressions of its apoptosis-associated genes, so as to investigate a correlation between ATO induced resistance of gallbladder carcinoma and expressions of apoptosis associated genes. Methods： The resistant cell line was obtained in vitro by culture of human gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD with increasingly stepwise concentrations of ATO. The sensitivities of GBC-SD cells and GBC-SD/ATO cells to ATO were determined by MTT assay respectively, cDNA microarray containing 458 apoptosis-related human genes was used to compare the gene expression profiles of GBC-SD/ATO cells and corresponding sensitive cell line GBC-SD. Results： GBC-SD/ATO cell line was established successfully after 8 months of exposure to increasing concentrations of ATO. Compared with the parental cell line, GBC-SD/ATO was 13.6 times more resistant to ATO. Of the 458 apoptosis-related genes, 17 genes were detected having 〉 2-fold difference of expression between the GBC-SD/ATO and GBC-SD cells, with 6 genes up-regulated and 11 genes down-regulated in GBC-SD/ATO cells. Conclusion： The 17 genes invoJved in the apoptosis pathway might be relevant to the resistance of GBC-SD/ATO cells to ATO, suggesting that the modulation of expression of apoptosis-related genes may be a main mechanism of acquired resistance in GBC-SD/ATO.

A Research Review of the ＂Differential Pattern＂ Theory and Its Contemporary Value

The ＂differential pattern＂ is an important thesis raised by Fei Xiaotong in his early sociology theory and possesses unique theoretical intension and practical value. From different dimensions, the study of the ＂differential pattern＂ theory and its contemporary value has been one of the hot issues in domestic sociology. With these studies, the contents of the ＂differential pattern＂ theory are enriched, and also its value boundary and contemporary significance are revealed.

Performance Analysis of Integrative QoS Scheme for Routers

This paper proposes an integrative scheme of DiffServ （differentiated service） for the IP-based network. In the scheme, QoS （Quality of Service） is ranked according to the level of both the queuing delay and the drop precedence that base on the relative differentiated service; it does not take the resource reservation problem into consideration for making its implementation more simple and flexible. We will propose an implemented architecture including edge routers and core routers, and the PHB （per-hop-behavior） architecture of the routers is generalized. We adopt ERED （extended random early discard） mechanism for drop precedence and use proportional delay differentiation for queuing delay. In the proportional delay differentiation topic, we propose a new WTP （waiting time priority）-like algorithm. Besides, a new stochastic petri net model of the PHB model is given, and the performance of whole implemented PHB architecture is analyzed, too.

Analysis and Translation Strategies on Cultural Differences Between Chinese and Western

Language and culture are interactive and interdependent. Translation is not only the transfer between two languages, but also between two cultures. Therefore, cultural difference plays a significant role in translation. In the past decades, translation study has shifted from the purely linguistic level to cultural perspective, and study on cultural differences has brought a new world for the sake of translation studies. This paper tries to illustrate the connection between language and culture, the correlation between culture and translation, analyze the main aspects of cultural differences between Chinese and Western, and sum up translation strategies of domestication and foreignization as well as specific translation methods on the consideration of cultural differences. Finally, the paper proposes that translators should pay attention to cultural differences and adjust target text in accordance with cultural differences