差异分组-合作模式进行微生物实验教学研究

针对微生物实验内容采取了一系列有效的差异分组原则,利用差异分组-合作模式进行教学,取得良好的教学效果。实践表明,"差异分组-合作模式"是一种具有诸多优势的实验课堂组织形式。

高职英语差异分组教学模式实践探索

差异分组教学满足了高职不同层次学生的差异需求,能够有效促进学生学习和个体发展。针对高职院校差异分组教学模式对学生英语综合能力、专项技能及英语学习态度等方面的影响进行调查,研究结果表明:差异分组教学可以满足不同层次学生的差异需求,学生口语能力、英语学习态度有了明显进步,并且在整个教学过程,英语综合能力也得到了提升,从而使所有学生在原有基础上获得了适当的发展。

基于学习者的观点的差异分组模式教学研究

差异分组活动对英语教学有着积极的影响。本文以英语学习者的观点调查和分析学生在英语在分组模式中,过去学习经验对英语课程学习的影响,分组模式的优势及活动过程中的难点。并就此讨论和提出了小组活动教学的策略和建议。

浅谈“差异分组法”在语文教学中的运用

传统教学多采取"满堂灌""填鸭式",如何破解?本文针对学生个性及个别发展差异进行分组,让学生变"被动、等待发现"为"主动、自发自纠",变苦学为乐学;同时,让教师心中有一本"明细账",便于发挥学生主观能动性,扬长纠短,因材施教,因人施教,给语文教学带来生机与活力。

科学分组 有效设计——八年级科学作业设计实施差异分组提升学生作业能力探究

针对八年级科学作业的实际情况(调查结果显示),即存在作业不能及时完成、教师在设计作业时无论学生成绩好差都统一设计和布置、作业完成正确率不高、自主完成作业习惯较差的现状。为了解决这一存在的现实问题,笔者在科学作业布置中基于学生实际情况,采用差异分组来布置和设计作业,以此来提高学生自主作业能力和兴趣,实施差异分组,使基础不同学生都能完成相匹配的作业,促进学生完成作业的能力得以提升,从而达到巩固科学知识的目的。

基于差异阈值循环分组的密钥生成算法

针对无线通信中通信双方提取的信道特征存在明显差异,导致双方的密钥生成速率和一致率较低的问题,提出差异阈值循环分组的密钥生成算法(TGKG)。首先,对信道状态信息(CSI)进行差异阈值分组,使任意组内元素间的间隔均大于该值,提高组内数据的差异,减小量化误差以降低密钥不一致率;循环分组只需一方进行,防止因数据误差导致的分组不一致。同时,提取信道系数的实部和虚部量化,增加量化比特数目,提高了密钥生成速率。通过概率论及信息论公式证明了所提算法在密钥不一致率、密钥可达速率和安全性3方面的优势。实验结果表明,所提算法在5 dB信噪比(SNR)条件下,通信双方的密钥不一致率约为2%,密钥生成速率约为142%。

什么是“中国人”的个性 ?——《中国人个性测量表CPAI-2》的分组差异(英文)

《中国人个性测量表CPAI 2》是一套本土化发展而成的个性量表 ,涵盖包括中国文化独有以及在大多数文化共有的性格维度。该文认为结合文化特定与文化共通的研究方法能全面地反映心理现实 ,亦能加深我们对跨文化心理学的理解。该研究分析了CPAI 2常模的几个子组别 ,以展示在同一文化之内 ,性格特质的差异及连续性。性别及年龄组别间的平均分差异均符合相应的社化过程及人生发展阶段所预期的结果。而中国香港及中国不同地区在平均分的差异上则没有特定的模式。文化内及跨文化的差异展示了个人性格差异的连续性 ,以及文化特定与文化共通概念的相互关系。

英语词汇策略运用差异之比较研究

采用调查问卷和词汇水平测试的方法,运用SPSS软件定量分析比较了185名非英语专业硕士研究生运用词汇差异的情况。T检验结果表明:不同学科和不同性别的学习者在词汇学习策略的运用上表现出一定的差异性,但高分组和低分组在各项词汇学习策略的使用上未表现出显著性差异。

语文差异性教学探究

尊重学生不同的个性特征,照顾差异,实施差异性教学,这需要教师不断转变观念,树立正确的＂差异性＂教育理念,不搞＂一刀切＂,注重学生个性的差异,在教学策略上由统一规格向差异性转变。差异教学重视人本身的发展,强调教师教学要以学生为中心,采用多样化、个性化的教学策略。

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in human stage Ⅰ lung adenocarcinoma and tumor-adjacent tissues with two-dimension gel electrophoresis profiling

Objective： The aim of this study was to establish reproducible two-dimensional electrophoretic assay used for profiling and identification of differentially expressed proteins in human stage I lung adenocarcinoma and paired normal tumor-adjacent tissue. Methods： The proteins from 12 human stage I lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tumor-adjacent tissues were separated using isoelectric focusing electrophoresis （the first dimension） and the subsequent homogeneous SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） （the second dimension）. The differentially expressed proteins were determined with PDQuest image analysis software, and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-MS） and database searching. Results： The well-reproducible 2-DE gel patterns of human stage I lung adenocarcinoma and normal tumor-adjacent tissues were profiled and 26 differentially expressed proteins uncovered. Nine of these 26 protein spots were cut out from the preparation gels and determined with MALDI-TOF-MS. Searching against the protein database, four candidate proteins were identified. They were 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2, Cathepsin B1, Apolipoprotein A-I precursor, and La 4.1 protein. Conclusion： In this study, high reproducible 2-DE gel protein images of human stage I lung adenocarcinoma and paired normal tumor-adjacent tissues were achieved successfully, and 4 differentially expressed proteins were revealed. These data will be helpful for screen of early biomarker and study of molecular mechanisms of human lung adenocarcinoma.

Comparative Analysis on Juvenile Moral Education between China and America

In the 21st Century of the increasing living standards, the social demand for talents with various aspects of ability is becoming higher and higher. The families, study and society of generations after 70s and 80s pay more attention to cultivating their own children＇s comprehensive development. Juvenile moral education is an important part of the contemporary juvenile education. Juvenile moral education is worthy of being paid attention to. On one hand, it is because the juvenile education is in the most basic and critical stage of the whole education stage, which is in the stage of the biggest influence of education development; on the other hand, it is because the young people are active and curious by nature, which will cause the difficulty of moral education to increase in the education process. Various countries and regions in the world have their own unique cultures and adjustments,and these different cultures affect the residents of different countries and regions with different living habits, ways of thinking and behaviors; thus forming different cultural differences. This paper, by taking the juvenile moral education between China and America as the research object, aims at analyzing the Chinese and Western cultural difference in juvenile moral education representation and transmission, aiming at from point to area,promoting the communication and development of juvenile moral education.

Effect of Heteroscedastic Variance Covariance Matrices on Two Groups Linear Classification Techniques

The authors investigate the comparative classification performance of the two groups linear classification techniques. They compared the Fisher linear classification analysis, its robust version based on the minimum covariance determinant with the Filter linear classification rule and the linear combination linear classification technique. These procedures are investigated using laboratory reared aedes albopictus mosquito data set and simulated data set generated based on heteroscedastic covariance matrices with various proportion of contamination. The evaluation procedure is based on the effect of contamination on the mean probabilities of correct classification obtain for each technique. The comparative analysis revealed that the robust Fisher linear classification rule and the linear combination linear classification rule are robust and comparable than the other procedures.

Arbuscular mycorrhizae status of host plant affects offspring’s phenotype and transcriptome expression in a low-phosphorus environment

Although the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on host plants have been well documented,whether the effects of AMF on parental generations affect offspring performance is not fully clear.We conducted a common garden experiment to determine whether AMF status of host plants(Medicago truncatula)affects phenotype and transcriptome expression of their offspring.Seeds from four type parental treatments(low-phosphorus(P)soil without AMF,low-P soil with AMF,high-P soil without AMF and high-P soil with AMF)were grown under low-P(LPS)and normal-P soil(OHS)conditions.The fowering pattern of LP offspring was similar to their parents,such that plants with AMF fowered earlier than those without AMF under OHS condition but were opposite under LPS condition.The transcriptome differential analysis showed that some differential transcripts(45 for parental plants growing under low-P condition and 3 for parental plants growing under high-P condition)expression patterns between offspring were comparable,and that only affected by parental AMF status regardless of the P environment that offspring was grown.Others(146 for parental plants growing under low-P condition and 2 for parental plants growing under high-P condition),however,were affected both by the parental AMF status and the offspring P environment.In addition,the number of differential transcripts between offspring whose parental plants grew under high-P condition was far less than under low-P condition.These results indicate that AMF may not only affect the current generation of host plants but also affect the offspring especially when their parents have experienced a stressful environment.

多种教学法在细胞培养教学中的应用

细胞培养是生物学、医学、新药研发等领域的基本技术。细胞培养教学建立"基础-提高-创新"的教学体系,以"图启"教学模式为主线,结合任务驱动式、渐进式、差异分组等多种教学法,不仅使学生掌握了细胞培养的基本操作技术,还进一步调动了学生学习的积极性。实践表明,这些方法循序渐进地提高了学生的综合素质和科研能力,提升了教师的教学效果。

The molecular basis for ethnic variation and histological subtype differences in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a common malignancy among men in Western countries. Recently the morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer increase dramatically in several oriental countries including China. Rapidly evolving technology in molecular biology such as high-throughput sequencing and integrative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic landscapes have enabled the identification of key oncogenic events for prostate cancer initiation, progression and resistance to hormonal therapy. These surging data of prostate cancer genome also provide insights on ethnic variation and the differences in histological subtype of this disease. In this review, differences in the incidence of prostate cancer and the prevalence of main genetic alterations between Asian and Western populations are discussed. We also review the recent findings on the mechanisms underlying neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer and the development of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma after androgen deprivation therapy.

Science Letters:Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in mice with concanavalin A-induced hepatitis

Objective： To find new protein biomarkers for the detection and evaluation of liver injury and to analyze the relationship between such proteins and disease progression in concanavalin A （Con A）-induced hepatitis. Methods： Twenty-five mice were randomly divided into five groups： an untreated group, a control group injected with phosphate buffered saline （PBS）, and groups with Con A-induced hepatitis evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 h. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） and mass spectrometry （MS） were used to identify differences in protein expression among groups. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） was performed to verify the results. Results： In mice with Con A-induced hepatitis, expression levels of four proteins were increased： RIKEN, fructose bisphosphatase 1 （fbp1）, ketohexokinase （khk）, and Chain A of class pi glutathione S-transferase. Changes in fbpl and khk were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Conclusion： Levels of two proteins, fbp1 and khk, are clearly up-regulated in mice with Con A-induced hepatitis.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals key regulators of mammogenesis and the pregnancy-lactation cycle

An organ unique to mammals, the mammary gland develops 90% of its mass after birth and experiences the pregnancy-lactation-involution cycle （PL cycle） during reproduction. To understand mammogenesis at the transcriptomic level and using a ribo-minus RNA-seq protocol, we acquired greater than 50 million reads each for the mouse mammary gland during pregnancy （day 12 of pregnancy）, lactation （day 14 of lactation）, and involution （day 7 of involution）. The pregnancy-, lacta- tion- and involution-related sequencing reads were assembled into 17344, 10160, and 13739 protein-coding transcripts and 1803, 828, and 1288 non-coding RNAs （ncRNAs）, respectively. Differentially expressed genes （DEGs） were defined in the three samples, which comprised 4843 DEGs （749 up-regulated and 4094 down-regulated） from pregnancy to lactation and 4926 DEGs （4706 up-regulated and 220 down-regulated） from lactation to involution. Besides the obvious and substantive up- and down-regulation of the DEGs, we observe that lysosomal enzymes were highly expressed and that their expression coin- cided with milk secretion. Further analysis of transcription factors such as Trpsl, Gtf2i, Tcf712, Nuprl, Vdr, Rbl, and Aebpl, and ncRNAs such as mir-125b, Let7, mir-146a, and mir-15 has enabled us to identify key regulators in mammary gland de- velopment and the PL cycle.

Overview of available methods for diverse RNA-Seq data analyses

RNA-Seq technology is becoming widely used in various transcriptomics studies;however,analyzing and interpreting the RNA-Seq data face serious challenges.With the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies,the sequencing cost is dropping dramatically with the sequencing output increasing sharply.However,the sequencing reads are still short in length and contain various sequencing errors.Moreover,the intricate transcriptome is always more complicated than we expect.These challenges proffer the urgent need of efficient bioinformatics algorithms to effectively handle the large amount of transcriptome sequencing data and carry out diverse related studies.This review summarizes a number of frequently-used applications of transcriptome sequencing and their related analyzing strategies,including short read mapping,exon-exon splice junction detection,gene or isoform expression quantification,differential expression analysis and transcriptome reconstruction.

Uncertainty Characterization in Remotely Sensed Land Cover Information

Uncertainty characterization has become increasingly recognized as an integral component in thematic mapping based on remotely sensed imagery, and descriptors such as percent correctly classified pixels (PCC) and Kappa coefficients of agreement have been devised as thematic accuracy metrics. However, such spatially averaged measures about accuracy neither offer hints about spatial variation in misclassification, nor are useful for quantifying error margins in derivatives, such as the areal extents of different land cover types and the land cover change statistics. Such limitations originate from the deficiency that spatial dependency is not accommodated in the conventional methods for error analysis. Geostatistics provides a good framework for uncertainty characterization in land cover information. Methods for predicting and propagating misclassification will be described on the basis of indicator samples and covariates, such as spectrally derived posteriori probabilities. An experiment using simulated datasets was carried out to quantify the error in land cover change derived from postclassification comparison. It was found that significant biases result from applying joint probability rules assuming temporal independence between misclassifications across time, thus emphasizing the need for the stochastic simulation in error modeling. Further investigations, incorporating indicators and probabilistic data for mapping and propagating misclassification, are anticipated.