Spatial Differentiation of Elements in Soils on Red-Earthy Hill Landscape of Central China

Samples of 21 soil profiles and 165 top soils from an area of approximate 1.5km^2 on red-earthy hill landscape were collected and analysed.The content of Ca,Mg,K,P,Fe,Mn,Zn and Cu in soils relate with the kind of parent material and the position of topography,however,there is great variation due to the local difference of the form of soil utilization.From the difference in spatial distribution of elements content,it is believed that eight kinds of elements are lost by chemical leaching and physical translocation,meanwhile some are added (such as Ca,P,K,Mg) and some mobilized (such as Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu and P) through cultivation,fertilization and irrigation in the soils on the landscape investigated.The sectional differentiation in abundance or deficiency of elements in top soils on the landscape investigated is distinct,which is important for carrying out agricultural management and reasonable fertilization according to local conditions.

Italian Asset Managers＇ Behavior： Evidence on Overconfidence, Risk Taking and Gender

This paper offers new insights into the Italian mutual fund industry. Surveying Italian professionals, we do not only reveal typical gender differences but also detect divergence to their German counterparts. While disclosing Italian professionals＇ overly positive self-assessment in general, we find evidence for male overconfidence in particular--though without being accompanied by excessive control illusion of the own information level. Asset managers＇ risk taking reveals further differences： Italian female professionals do not only assess themselves as more risk averse than their male colleagues, they also prefer a more passive portfolio management compared to the level they are allowed to. Moreover, in a tournament scenario near the end of the investment period female asset managers do not try to become the ultimate top performer when they have outperformed their peer group so far. However, in case of underperformance, the risk of deviating from the benchmark makes especially female professionals willing to seize a chance of catching up. Overall, compared to their German counterparts, we find Italian asset managers to be slightly more risk averse. Matching bounded former results on Italian mutual funds, we discuss interdependencies as well as impact of our findings at the individual asset managers＇ level on trading activity, management style and performance.

Nutritional Knowledge and Behavior of Professional Athletes in Khorramabad

Today it is proved that the lack of adequate nutritional knowledge leads to problems such as obesity, overweight and increased cardiovascular diseases. However, many obstacles such as poor financial support, lack of time and poor nutritional knowledge can influence achievement of optimal nutrition which is proportional to the level of the athlete＇s physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior of athletes in Khorramabad in 2013. Professional athletes of Khorramabad, Iran, with more than one year of regular exercise and at least one course participating in national championships competitions were studied in this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study. The samples included 247 athletes aged 17-29 years. Their nutritional knowledge and behavior were measured by the nutritional knowledge and behavior inventory. Results： The results showed a significant difference in nutritional knowledge of athletes by gender and educational level; female athletes have higher nutritional knowledge than male athletes. A gender-dependent difference was found in nutritional behavior; despite their higher nutritional knowledge, female athletes have weaker nutritional behavior than male athletes. However, no significant correlation was found between BMI and nutritional knowledge and behavior of the athletes. Moreover, findings showed that nutritional knowledge and behavior could be significantly different in various sports.

我国各类投资者交易行为研究——基于中小投资者保护的视角

投资者保护是当前金融监管体系重要的目标之一,本文从资金来源结构、信息获取能力、委托代理关系及盈利模式四个维度来分析不同类型投资者交易行为,从交易行为特征出发,分析可能产生的损害中小投资者权益的交易行为,进而为保障中小投资者权益提供新视角。当前我国损害中小投资者的共性行为主要表现为利用非公开信息交易获利、操纵市场以及投资者适当性管理不足等;差异性行为主要表现为产业资本的违规信息披露、忽悠式重组以及与私募股权机构合作的伪市值管理行为等。从交易行为特征出发,本文建议抓住上市公司信息披露这个'牛鼻子',提升市场信息披露的及时性、准确性和有效性;在现有《证券期货投资者适当性管理办法》的基础上,增加一些衡量投资者风险承受能力的指标,强化投资机构的资质管理,将投资者适当性管理落到实处;重点监管产业资本类交易主体和内幕交易类交易行为,提高对违法违规行为的稽查效率,修改刑法等法律规定,加大对违法违规行为的处罚力度。