川藏香茶菜丁素和己素的结构确定

从川藏香茶菜中分离得到２个新化合物，经光谱解析和化学转换反应，确定川藏香茶菜丁素为３α，１１β，１３αｔｒｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｅｎｔｋａｕｒ１６ｅｎ１５ｏｎｅ（１），川藏香茶菜己素为１１β，１３α，１５αｔｒｉｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｅｎｔｋａｕｒ１６ｅｎ３αβＤｇｌｕｃｏｓｉｄｅ（２）。

瓜馥木己素的化学结构研究

从广西瓜馥木（ＦｉｓｓｉｓｔｉｇｍａｋｗａｎｇｓｉｅｎｓｅＴｓｉａｎｇｅｔＰ，Ｔ，Ｌｉ）茎皮的乙醇提取物中分到６个黄酮类成分，其中瓜馥木己素为新的双氢查耳酮，经各种波谱解析及Ｘ－晶体衍射分析，其结构鉴定为３，６－二羟基－２，４，５－三甲氧基双氢查耳酮。

蜜环菌己素(armillarigin)的结构测定

本文报告了蜜环菌己素(armillarigin,6)结构的质谱测定,证明其为倍半萜醇芳香酸酯类。

大萼香茶菜乙素和己素的化学结构

从大萼香茶菜［Ｒａｂｄｏｓｉａ ｍ ａｃｒｏｃａｌｙｘ（Ｄｕｎｎ） Ｈａｒａ］叶的乙醇提取物中又分得两种二萜类成分，经ＩＲ、ＭＳ、１ Ｈ－１Ｈ ＣＯＳＹ、１３Ｃ－１ Ｈ ＣＯＳＹ 和ＮＯＥ等光谱分析及衍生物制备，确证其化学结构为新型二萜。

关附己素对麻醉大鼠血流动力学的影响

研究了关附己素（１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ^（－１），ｉＶ）和普罗帕酮（４ｍ９·ｋｇ^（－１），ｉＶ）对麻醉大鼠血流动力学的影响。结果表明，关附己素与普罗帕酮均可显著延长大鼠心电图Ｐ－Ｐ间期、Ｐ－Ｒ间期、ＱＲＳ波群以及Ｑ－Ｔ间期。而前者的作用时间更为持久。本品可显著抑制ＨＲ、±（ｄｐ／ｄｔ）ｍａｘ和（ｄｐ／ｄｔ）·ｐ－１ｍａ＝ｘ，但不影响ＬＶＳＰ、ＬＶＥＤＰ。关附己素对ＳＡＰ无影响，但对ＭＡＰ和ＤＡＰ有明显的一过性降低作用。而普罗帕酮除对ＬＶＥＤＰ无影响外，对上述所有参数均有显著抑制作用。上述结果提示，关附己素可抑制心内冲动传导，对心率抑制较强，且延长心舒张期，而对动脉血压影响较小。

石杉碱戊和石杉碱己的结构

在石杉［Ｈｕｐｅｒｚｉａｓｅｒｒａｔａ（Ｔｈｕｎｂ．）Ｔｒｅｖ．］中分得了命名为石杉碱成素和已素的２个新生物碱，并用２Ｄ－ＮＭＲ和ＭＳ测定了它们的化学结构．

川藏香茶菜化学成分的研究

从川藏香茶菜中提取分离得到２个成分，经光谱解析和化学反应确定其化学结构分别１１β，１３α，１５α三羟基对映贝壳杉１６烯３α（βＤ葡萄糖吡喃糖甙），命名为川藏香茶菜己素和丁香酚葡萄糖甙。后者为首次从本属植物中分离得到。

Study on the Inhibitory Effect of Sophora japonica Extracts against the Growth of Microcystis aeruginosa

[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the inhibitory effect of Sophora japonica extracts against the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa.[Method] The inhibitory effect of extracted liquid of Sophora japonica leaf against the growth of M.aeruginosa was measured.Moreover,the active component was studied and analyzed initially.[Result] The absolute alcohol extract of Sophora japonica leaf was separated by n-hexane,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water phases in turn.The polar fractions were found being the majority （〉60%）.The non-polar fraction in n-nexane （about 25%） was found significantly inhibiting the growth of M.aeruginosa.The inhibition rates of fraction in n-hexane at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/L against M.aeruginosa in 7 d were higher than 75% and 90% respectively.In addition,chlorophyll a of M.aeruginosa was also destroyed in the presence of the hexane fraction.[Conclusion] The research provided the theoretical basis for preventing and controlling the water bloom of M.aeruginosa.

Cyclohexene Epoxides from Piper polysyphorum

Three new cyclohexene epoxides,polysyphoside A,B and C,along with a known compound crotepoxide(4),were isolated from Piper polysyphorum C.DC.Based on spectroscopic analysis,their structures were established as 1-benzoyloxymethylene-2-hydroxy-3-benzoyloxy-1,6- epoxycyclohex-4-ene(1),1-benzoyloxymethylene-2-hydroxy-5-benzoyloxy-1,6-epoxycyclohex-3-ene (2)and 2-hydroxy-3-benzoyloxymethylene-5-benzoyloxy-1,6-epoxycyclohex-3-ene(3),respectively.It was the first time that(1),(2)and(3)had been isolated from a natural source.

STUDY ON OBESITY RELATED FACTORS: FFA, LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN IN SUBJECTS WITH VARYING GLUCOSE TOLERANCE

Objective To study the fasting serum levels of obesity related factors: FFA, leptin and adi-ponectin in subjects with varying glucose tolerance and their relationship with BMI, insulin sensitivity index and isletbeta-cell function. Methods Serum levels of FFA, leptin and adiponectin in 24 normal, 32 simple obese, 34IGT and 36 T2DM subjects were measured by ACS-ACOD assay or RIA. Results The serum levels of leptin andFFA in three groups:simple obese, IGT and DM were much higher than those in normal control (P <0. 001). Incontrast, serum level of adiponectin of simple obese, IGT and DM groups were significant lower than that of normalcontrol, among them DM subjects had the lowest level (P <0. 001). Correlation analysis showed that FFA was pos-itively correlated to BMI, WHR, FBG, fasting insulin level and negatively correlated to SI; adiponectin was negativelycorrelated to BMI, WHR, FBG, PBG, but positively correlated to SI and AIRg; and leptin was positively correlated toBMI, fasting insulin and AIRg when negatively correlated to FBG and SI. None of them was correlated to age.Conclusion Subjects with insulin resistance have high serum FFA and leptin levels but low serum adiponectin level.With the glucose tolerance deterioration, serum FFA level increases much higher while the adiponectin deceases muchlower. Unlike insulin, none of these obesity related factors can be used as the simple indicating or determining factorof SI, though each of them, to different extent, takes part in the development of insulin resistance.

Chondrogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by puerarin and tetrandrine

Objective: This study aims to clarify the effect of the active components puerarin and tetrandrine on the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs).Methods: Using network pharmacology, protein targets of puerarin and tetrandrine were predicted, and a database of cartilage formation targets was established. The protein target information related to disease was then collected, and the drug-targeting network was constructed by analyzing the protein–protein interactions. Genes related to chondrogenesis induced by puerarin and tetrandrine and chondroblast differentiation signaling pathways were searched. Finally, potential drug-and disease-related genes,as well as proteins, were screened and verified using real-time RT-PCR and western blotting.Results: Network pharmacological studies have shown that puerarin and tetrandrine are involved in BMSCs cartilage differentiation. The experimental results showed that puerarin and tetrandrine could regulate the expression of cartilage differentiation-related genes and proteins. Puerarin increased the protein expression of COL2 A1, COL10 A1, MMP13, and SOX-9,as well as the gene expression of Col2 a1, Mmp13, Tgfb1, and Sox-9. Tetrandrine increased the protein expression of COL2 A1,COL10 A1, MMP13, and SOX-9, as well as the gene expression of Col10 a1, Tgfb1, Sox-9, and Acan. The combination of puerarin and tetrandrine increased the protein expression of COL2 A1, COL10 A1, MMP13, and SOX-9 and the gene expression of Col2 a1,Col10 a1, Sox-9, and Acan.Conclusions: Puerarin, tetrandrine, and their combination can promote the proliferation of BMSCs and induce their differentiation into chondrocytes, and they are thus expected to be inducers of chondrogenic differentiation. These results suggest that puerarin and tetrandrine have potential therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis.

Acute effect of tetrandrine pulmonary targeting microspheres on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats

Objective To assess the effect of tetrandrine (Tet) pulmonary targeting microspheres on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and evaluate its selective action on pulmonary circulation.Methods Twenty rats were exposed to hypoxic conditions for 3 weeks. Ten rats were used as normoxic controls. We administered Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres to 10 hypoxic rats and Tet aqueous solution to 10 hypoxic rats and the 10 control rats. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured by a right cardiac catheterization, and mean systemic blood pressure (mSBP) was measured by left femoral catheterization. Results Rats exposed to hypoxia developed pulmonary hypertension. The decrease in mPAP in rats treated with Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres was significantly greater than that in rats receiving Tet aqueous solution (P【0.05), and the effects were longer with Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres. Moreover, Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres, unlike Tet aqueous solution, did not decrease mSBP.Conclusion Tet pulmonary targeting microspheres were more effective than Tet aqueous solution in treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and acted selectively on the pulmonary circulation.

Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion study of tetrandrine in rats

As an important bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the bulbous root ofStephania tetrandra S. Moore, tetrandrine （Tet） is widely used for the treatment of malignant tumor due to its properties of reversing the multidrug resistance and apoptosis induction. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of Tet in rats. Drug concentration in plasma and tissues was measured by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and the experimental data were analyzed using pharmacokinetic software DAS 2.0. The results showed that the plasma protein binding rate of Tet was 68.7%, indicating a higher protein binding drug. Tissue distribution was found in a descending order as follows： lung〉heart〉liver〉kidney〉spleen. Renal excretion was a major route of excretion, and the urine, bile and fecal excretion accounted for 25.73% of the administered dose. A UC0-∞ of Tet in the liver was 20 times greater than that in plasma, indicating that Tet had a higher affinity for the liver. Moreover, CL in the liver was the lowest among all tissues, indicating that Tet with slow elimination might result in the accumulation. Therefore, we need to adjust the dose for patients who have dysfunction in liver and kidney. In addition, therapeutic drug monitoring in long-term clinical treatment, if necessary, should be carried out.

Toxicity and metabolism of 3-bromopyruvate in Caenorhabditis elegans

In this study,we aimed to evaluate the toxic effects,changes in life span,and expression of various metabolismrelated genes in Caenorhabditis elegans,using RNA interference(RNAi)and mutant strains,after 3-bromopyruvate(3-BrPA)treatment.C.elegans was treated with various concentrations of 3-BrPA on nematode growth medium(NGM)plates,and their survival was monitored every 24 h.The expression of genes related to metabolism was measured by the real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Nematode survival in the presence of 3-BrPA was also studied after silencing three hexokinase(HK)genes.The average life span of C.elegans cultured on NGM with 3-BrPA was shortened to 5.7 d compared with 7.7 d in the control group.hxk-1,hxk-2,and hxk-3 were overexpressed after the treatment with 3-BrPA.After successfully interfering hxk-1,hxk-2,and hxk-3,the 50%lethal concentration(LC50)of all mutant nematodes decreased with 3-BrPA treatment for 24 h compared with that of the control.All the cyp35 genes tested were overexpressed,except cyp-35B3.The induction of cyp-35A1 expression was most obvious.The LC50 values of the mutant strains cyp-35A1,cyp-35A2,cyp-35A4,cyp-35B3,and cyp-35C1 were lower than that of the control.Thus,the toxicity of 3-BrPA is closely related to its effect on hexokinase metabolism in nematodes,and the cyp-35 family plays a key role in the metabolism of 3-BrPA.

Effects of Applying New-style Growth Hormone on Eucalypt Cuttage

Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate AC is a new-style growth hormone that induces cuttings to root by molecule signal. With Eucalptus urophylla and E. urophyllaxE, grandis as testing varieties, effects of applying different growth hormones on eucalypt cuttage were compared through experiments, and the result showed that diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate AC made cuttings root 4 days earlier than other common growth hormones did. The average rooting rate and the mean root quantity of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate AC treated cuttings were 11%-26.5% higher than and 1.8-8.5 pieces per cutting more than those in other treatments. Besides, the seedlings were excellent. The new-style growth hormone improves cuttage of eucalypt to a higher level.