驰龙科(Dromaeosauridae)是一类中小型的兽脚类恐龙,因电影《侏罗纪公园》,使之成为大众所熟知的明星级恐龙。这种敏捷而凶猛的掠食者,具有锋利的牙齿和特化的第二趾爪,是与鸟类亲缘关系最为密切的非鸟恐龙之一。2021年8月,学术刊物Pape...驰龙科(Dromaeosauridae)是一类中小型的兽脚类恐龙,因电影《侏罗纪公园》,使之成为大众所熟知的明星级恐龙。这种敏捷而凶猛的掠食者,具有锋利的牙齿和特化的第二趾爪,是与鸟类亲缘关系最为密切的非鸟恐龙之一。2021年8月,学术刊物Papers in Palaeontology报道了一个驰龙类新物种--洛氏水妖龙(Ypupiara lopai)。展开更多
This paper analyzes the corn production cost in China, the U.S. and Brazil from 1997 to 2014. According to the results,（1） corn production cost in China is the highest among these three countries;（2） the rapid gro...This paper analyzes the corn production cost in China, the U.S. and Brazil from 1997 to 2014. According to the results,（1） corn production cost in China is the highest among these three countries;（2） the rapid growth of labor cost and land cost is the major factor that promotes the increase of total corn production cost in China;（3） the level of agricultural mechanization in China has been gradually improving, and the gap between agricultural mechanization levels in China and other two countries is constantly narrowing;（4） differing from the U.S. and Brazil,China exhibits a ＂high input, low output＂ agricultural production mode. Based on the above analyses, corresponding suggestions have been presented to reduce corn production cost in China.展开更多
Rapid technological advances in chicken processing in plants around the world have meant that different techniques are being employed regarding the slaughter＇s flow process. This paper aimed to compare and contrast s...Rapid technological advances in chicken processing in plants around the world have meant that different techniques are being employed regarding the slaughter＇s flow process. This paper aimed to compare and contrast systems and practices in two large slaughterhouses--one in UK and the other in Brazil. Annotated observations were made during inspection visits to chicken slaughterhouses in the two countries between 2014 and 2016. Whilst there were similarities in the two systems, there are also clear differences. The Brazilian case is evidently adapted for a more tropical condition, rather than the temperate one in UK. The handling practices of birds used during transportation, waiting, stunning as well as pre-cooling differ in techniques employed and consequently likely their efficiencies. In UK, the practices are more geared towards water and energy saving. The difference in market conditions and the length of the respective supply chains also determine the type of primary packaging used in final products. Both countries adhere to similar rulings applied to slaughterhouses. However, in the Brazilian case, it tended to comply with mainly external market demands. In conclusion, managers in the Brazilian poultry system could consider looking into adopting some of the practices used in UK, such as cage/crate dimension which reduce bird＇s lesions and bruises; the use of stunning by modified atmosphere and pre-cooling for resource efficiency reasons and improvement in animal welfare. Finally, when distances between sites of production and consumption are great such as in Brazil, the use of modified atmosphere technology could be also further explored to ensure better quality of the final product.展开更多
This article is a part of a descriptive survey which aims to characterize, classify, and compare the household production in the Municipality of Itapuranga, State of Goias, Brazil, considering the access to the Nation...This article is a part of a descriptive survey which aims to characterize, classify, and compare the household production in the Municipality of Itapuranga, State of Goias, Brazil, considering the access to the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture （PRONAF） and its respective differentiation between beneficiary and non-beneficiary groups by the program. It applied the technique of group comparison analysis and frequency inquiry, taking into consideration several variables. Information about the origin, distribution and total income, food safety, land property, production diversification, expenditures and participation in social organizations were collected. The sample consisted of 70 producers, the calculation sample was defined by determined value at the confidence level of 90% whereas the sampling error of 7%. The results allowed describing, classifying, characterizing, and comparing the socio-economic and productive profile of farmers from that area and their access to PRONAF.展开更多
With almost 23% of the industry＇s GDP （gross domestic public）, the Brazilian automobile industry confirms, once more, to be one of the most important sectors for national economy in the past years. Due to this rele...With almost 23% of the industry＇s GDP （gross domestic public）, the Brazilian automobile industry confirms, once more, to be one of the most important sectors for national economy in the past years. Due to this relevance, in October 2012, the Brazilian government has approved by decree a program of incentive to innovation and intensification of the local productive chain in the automotive industry called ＂Inovar-Auto＂. The new Brazilian automotive policy aims by encouraging R ＆ D （research and development） to raise the technological level of vehicles manufactured in country. Undoubtedly, those initiatives contribute hugely for inserting the country on worldwide route of technological development encouraging the local production of safer vehicles and better technological contents. The search for this standard of vehicles has been a subject of several studies in the automotive world and in recent years it has gained importance, including being one of the Inovar-Auto challenges. In this context, this paper aims to present, through a theoretical research, key technologies and vehicle security initiatives developed so far in worldwide and to point out the challenges for development in the national market.展开更多
This paper aims at investigating the teletandem learning interactions between a group of Brazilian students from Instituto Federal de Educagao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Goias, Brazil, and a group of foreign s...This paper aims at investigating the teletandem learning interactions between a group of Brazilian students from Instituto Federal de Educagao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Goias, Brazil, and a group of foreign students from two German universities. In this study, the Brazilian students helped their foreign partners with Portuguese learning and were helped by them in the English learning. The participants used a synchronous computer software called Openmeetings and also an electronic dictionary as a complementary tool. Adopting a qualitative perspective in the data collection and analysis, this case study was conducted in the second semester of 2010. The data were collected by means of conversation sessions through Openmeetings and were analyzed in the light of studies on sociocultural theory as well as on tandem/teletandem language learning researches. The data analyses showed that the participants used English as an anchoring language to work with Portuguese and English itself, and German was introduced in the teletandem sessions. The data also showed that the whiteboard and the electronic dictionary were used as complementary resources to the use of audio and video for the language learning process the participants engaged in.展开更多
Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected to have a substantial increase in uranium prices. So, advanced fuel cycles which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particula...Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected to have a substantial increase in uranium prices. So, advanced fuel cycles which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particularly, the use of thorium is to produce the fissile isotope ^233U. Thorium is three to five times more abundant than uranium in the earth＇s crust. Additionally, thoria produces less radiotoxicity than the UO2, because it produces fewer amounts of actinides. ThO2 has higher corrosion resistance, besides being chemically stable, and the burning of Pu in a reactor based in thorium also decreases the inventories of Pu from the current fuel cycles. There are some ongoing projects in the world, taking into consideration the proposed goals for Generation IV reactors, namely： sustainability, economics, safety and reliability, proliferation resistance and physical protection. Some developments on the use of thorium in reactors are underway, with the support of the IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and some govern like molten salt reactor. In this paper, we discuss the future importance of thorium, particularly for Brazil, which has large mineral reserves of this strategic element, the characteristics of the molten salt reactor and the experience of the IPEN （Instituto de Pesquisas Energ6ticas e Nucleares） in the purification of thorium compounds.展开更多
Rapid economic growth, increasing populations and emergent prosperity are driving up demand tor energy, water anu food, especially in developing countries. In this scenario, the analysis of these three elements has ga...Rapid economic growth, increasing populations and emergent prosperity are driving up demand tor energy, water anu food, especially in developing countries. In this scenario, the analysis of these three elements has gained the increasing attention globally in research, business and policy spheres. This paper aims to provide an analysis of the perspectives of this nexus for Brazil and the United States, using current and predicted scenario for 2050. Considering the importance of renewable sources of energy to overcome these challenges and diversify the energy matrix in both countries, the paper will also present the biogas potential for both countries, which provides multiple economic, environmental and social benefits, such as electrical, thermal and vehicular energy, high-quality biofertilizer, reduction of odor and pathogenic vectors in the farms, decrease of ground and surface water pollution, promotion of new income for the farmers, reduction of the greenhouse gases emissions, among others.展开更多
The demand for energy, water and food will continuously increase, as the prediction states that 2.5 billion people will be added to the world population by 2050, representing not only an increase in the consumption bu...The demand for energy, water and food will continuously increase, as the prediction states that 2.5 billion people will be added to the world population by 2050, representing not only an increase in the consumption but also more waste production, greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions and depletion of natural resources. Taking into account that renewable sources of energy can help to overcome these challenges and diversify the energy matrix in the countries, this paper aims at analyzing the biogas potential in Brazil and the United States, especially in the livestock sector, and its benefits in the environmental, social and economic aspects. Both countries are among the top five countries globally in terms of water availability, energy consumption and food production. Until 2050, the world consumption of meat will have a significant increase： 206% of poultry meat, 56% of pork meat and 47% of beef meat, augmenting the need for sustainable management of waste and manure. This scenario can become a sustainable opportunity for biogas implementation, which provides multiple economic, environmental and social benefits for farmers, businesses and communities, including production of electrical, thermal and vehicular energy, production of high-quality biofertilizer, reduction of ground and surface water pollution and reduction of GHG emissions, and foments new income for the farmers, among others. A new concept is presented in this article to make biogas systems feasible, i.e., biogas condominiums, as small and medium-scale farms by themselves usually would not be able to afford the investments. This arrangement can bring benefits for the whole biogas supply chain that includes farmers, agroindustry, providers and local community.展开更多
文摘驰龙科(Dromaeosauridae)是一类中小型的兽脚类恐龙,因电影《侏罗纪公园》,使之成为大众所熟知的明星级恐龙。这种敏捷而凶猛的掠食者,具有锋利的牙齿和特化的第二趾爪,是与鸟类亲缘关系最为密切的非鸟恐龙之一。2021年8月,学术刊物Papers in Palaeontology报道了一个驰龙类新物种--洛氏水妖龙(Ypupiara lopai)。
文摘This paper analyzes the corn production cost in China, the U.S. and Brazil from 1997 to 2014. According to the results,（1） corn production cost in China is the highest among these three countries;（2） the rapid growth of labor cost and land cost is the major factor that promotes the increase of total corn production cost in China;（3） the level of agricultural mechanization in China has been gradually improving, and the gap between agricultural mechanization levels in China and other two countries is constantly narrowing;（4） differing from the U.S. and Brazil,China exhibits a ＂high input, low output＂ agricultural production mode. Based on the above analyses, corresponding suggestions have been presented to reduce corn production cost in China.
文摘Rapid technological advances in chicken processing in plants around the world have meant that different techniques are being employed regarding the slaughter＇s flow process. This paper aimed to compare and contrast systems and practices in two large slaughterhouses--one in UK and the other in Brazil. Annotated observations were made during inspection visits to chicken slaughterhouses in the two countries between 2014 and 2016. Whilst there were similarities in the two systems, there are also clear differences. The Brazilian case is evidently adapted for a more tropical condition, rather than the temperate one in UK. The handling practices of birds used during transportation, waiting, stunning as well as pre-cooling differ in techniques employed and consequently likely their efficiencies. In UK, the practices are more geared towards water and energy saving. The difference in market conditions and the length of the respective supply chains also determine the type of primary packaging used in final products. Both countries adhere to similar rulings applied to slaughterhouses. However, in the Brazilian case, it tended to comply with mainly external market demands. In conclusion, managers in the Brazilian poultry system could consider looking into adopting some of the practices used in UK, such as cage/crate dimension which reduce bird＇s lesions and bruises; the use of stunning by modified atmosphere and pre-cooling for resource efficiency reasons and improvement in animal welfare. Finally, when distances between sites of production and consumption are great such as in Brazil, the use of modified atmosphere technology could be also further explored to ensure better quality of the final product.
文摘This article is a part of a descriptive survey which aims to characterize, classify, and compare the household production in the Municipality of Itapuranga, State of Goias, Brazil, considering the access to the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture （PRONAF） and its respective differentiation between beneficiary and non-beneficiary groups by the program. It applied the technique of group comparison analysis and frequency inquiry, taking into consideration several variables. Information about the origin, distribution and total income, food safety, land property, production diversification, expenditures and participation in social organizations were collected. The sample consisted of 70 producers, the calculation sample was defined by determined value at the confidence level of 90% whereas the sampling error of 7%. The results allowed describing, classifying, characterizing, and comparing the socio-economic and productive profile of farmers from that area and their access to PRONAF.
文摘With almost 23% of the industry＇s GDP （gross domestic public）, the Brazilian automobile industry confirms, once more, to be one of the most important sectors for national economy in the past years. Due to this relevance, in October 2012, the Brazilian government has approved by decree a program of incentive to innovation and intensification of the local productive chain in the automotive industry called ＂Inovar-Auto＂. The new Brazilian automotive policy aims by encouraging R ＆ D （research and development） to raise the technological level of vehicles manufactured in country. Undoubtedly, those initiatives contribute hugely for inserting the country on worldwide route of technological development encouraging the local production of safer vehicles and better technological contents. The search for this standard of vehicles has been a subject of several studies in the automotive world and in recent years it has gained importance, including being one of the Inovar-Auto challenges. In this context, this paper aims to present, through a theoretical research, key technologies and vehicle security initiatives developed so far in worldwide and to point out the challenges for development in the national market.
文摘This paper aims at investigating the teletandem learning interactions between a group of Brazilian students from Instituto Federal de Educagao, Ciencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Goias, Brazil, and a group of foreign students from two German universities. In this study, the Brazilian students helped their foreign partners with Portuguese learning and were helped by them in the English learning. The participants used a synchronous computer software called Openmeetings and also an electronic dictionary as a complementary tool. Adopting a qualitative perspective in the data collection and analysis, this case study was conducted in the second semester of 2010. The data were collected by means of conversation sessions through Openmeetings and were analyzed in the light of studies on sociocultural theory as well as on tandem/teletandem language learning researches. The data analyses showed that the participants used English as an anchoring language to work with Portuguese and English itself, and German was introduced in the teletandem sessions. The data also showed that the whiteboard and the electronic dictionary were used as complementary resources to the use of audio and video for the language learning process the participants engaged in.
文摘Interest in thorium stems mainly from the fact that it is expected to have a substantial increase in uranium prices. So, advanced fuel cycles which increase the reserves of nuclear materials are interesting, particularly, the use of thorium is to produce the fissile isotope ^233U. Thorium is three to five times more abundant than uranium in the earth＇s crust. Additionally, thoria produces less radiotoxicity than the UO2, because it produces fewer amounts of actinides. ThO2 has higher corrosion resistance, besides being chemically stable, and the burning of Pu in a reactor based in thorium also decreases the inventories of Pu from the current fuel cycles. There are some ongoing projects in the world, taking into consideration the proposed goals for Generation IV reactors, namely： sustainability, economics, safety and reliability, proliferation resistance and physical protection. Some developments on the use of thorium in reactors are underway, with the support of the IAEA （International Atomic Energy Agency） and some govern like molten salt reactor. In this paper, we discuss the future importance of thorium, particularly for Brazil, which has large mineral reserves of this strategic element, the characteristics of the molten salt reactor and the experience of the IPEN （Instituto de Pesquisas Energ6ticas e Nucleares） in the purification of thorium compounds.
文摘Rapid economic growth, increasing populations and emergent prosperity are driving up demand tor energy, water anu food, especially in developing countries. In this scenario, the analysis of these three elements has gained the increasing attention globally in research, business and policy spheres. This paper aims to provide an analysis of the perspectives of this nexus for Brazil and the United States, using current and predicted scenario for 2050. Considering the importance of renewable sources of energy to overcome these challenges and diversify the energy matrix in both countries, the paper will also present the biogas potential for both countries, which provides multiple economic, environmental and social benefits, such as electrical, thermal and vehicular energy, high-quality biofertilizer, reduction of odor and pathogenic vectors in the farms, decrease of ground and surface water pollution, promotion of new income for the farmers, reduction of the greenhouse gases emissions, among others.
文摘The demand for energy, water and food will continuously increase, as the prediction states that 2.5 billion people will be added to the world population by 2050, representing not only an increase in the consumption but also more waste production, greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions and depletion of natural resources. Taking into account that renewable sources of energy can help to overcome these challenges and diversify the energy matrix in the countries, this paper aims at analyzing the biogas potential in Brazil and the United States, especially in the livestock sector, and its benefits in the environmental, social and economic aspects. Both countries are among the top five countries globally in terms of water availability, energy consumption and food production. Until 2050, the world consumption of meat will have a significant increase： 206% of poultry meat, 56% of pork meat and 47% of beef meat, augmenting the need for sustainable management of waste and manure. This scenario can become a sustainable opportunity for biogas implementation, which provides multiple economic, environmental and social benefits for farmers, businesses and communities, including production of electrical, thermal and vehicular energy, production of high-quality biofertilizer, reduction of ground and surface water pollution and reduction of GHG emissions, and foments new income for the farmers, among others. A new concept is presented in this article to make biogas systems feasible, i.e., biogas condominiums, as small and medium-scale farms by themselves usually would not be able to afford the investments. This arrangement can bring benefits for the whole biogas supply chain that includes farmers, agroindustry, providers and local community.
