巴西现代化农业发展及对我国的启示

发展现代化农业对繁荣农村经济、统筹城乡区域经济发展、维系社会大局稳定具有重要意义。作为世界农业大国,巴西近年来现代化农业发展取得了举世瞩目的成绩,这与巴西的农业政策和科技推广体系具有密切联系。近年来,我国农业发展迅速,但仍存在诸多问题,如农产品质量安全、农业基础设施薄弱、对自然灾害抵御力较差问题以及污染问题等。深入分析巴西现代化农业发展模式对加快我国农业现代化发展具有重要的借鉴意义。

农业多功能性、四生农业与小农户前景--基于巴西三类农场调研的反思

针对中国小农户前景,学界展开了“去小农化”和“再小农化”的争论。本文从农业多功能性的视角出发,构建包括生产、生活、生态和生命四大功能的四生农业分析框架,结合对巴西农业的田野调研,归纳小农户的三种可能前景:一是“去小农化”,大规模农场日益肢解小农户,使其沦为雇工;二是“无地小农”,无地农民为争取生存而开展的农业生产和建立的农场,没有法律和制度保障,也容易由弱者的武器,转化为暴力抗争;三是“生态小农”,在生态农场中,小农户自觉发挥其主体性,实现农业多功能性,走向可持续的现代农业。巴西调研提供的国际比较视野,让我们警惕“去小农化”,忧虑“无地小农”,展望“生态小农”。本文提出,发展四生农业,是小农户发挥农业多功能性,与现代农业有机衔接的实践路径。

Architectural Teaching and Design Computing： A Didactic Experience in a Brazilian Architecture Course

In the last years, architectural practice has been confronted with a paradigm shift towards the application of digital methods in design activities. In this regard, it is a pedagogic challenge to provide a suitable computational background for architectural students, to improve their ability to apply algorithmic-parametric logic, as well as fabrication and prototyping resources to design problem solving. This challenge is even stronger when considering less favored social and technological contexts, such as in Brazil, for example. In this scenario, this article presents and discusses the procedures and the results from a didactic experience carried out in a design computing-oriented discipline, inserted in the curriculum of a Brazilian architecture course. Hence, this paper shares some design computing teaching experiences and presents some results on computational methods and creative approaches, with a view to contribute to a better understanding about the relations between logical thinking, mathematics and architectural design processes.

巴西关税结构调整对我国的启示

在全球平均关税税率快速下调的背景下,如何提高关税的有效保护率是许多国家,特别是发展中国家必须深入研究的课题。而在如何提高关税的有效保护率的问题上,巴西既有成功的经验,也有失败的教训,本文对此进行了深入地研究,并在此基础上提出了我国如何提高关税的有效保护率的对策。