重用苍术、麻黄治疗湿热阳痿

阳痿一证,虽多缘于肾虚,但湿热为患者亦不少见,且缠绵难愈。笔者在治疗湿热阳痿中重用苍术、麻黄、每获奇效,兹举两则,以翼其说。1 病例介绍例1:张某某,40岁,某公司经理。1993年5月19日就诊。患者素嗜烟酒,膏粱厚味,公务繁忙,起居无常,遂发阳痿,举而不坚1年。曾自购市售多种“壮阳药”一一品尝,非但无效,已致阳痿不举1个月,伴见阴囊潮湿,口苦,口舌生疮,溲黄便干,夜寐不安,身重乏力,舌质红,苔白腻,脉弦数。既往健康,形体丰腴。证属肝经湿热,气机阻滞,下焦失于宣泄,宗筋弛纵而痿。处方:龙胆草15g,栀子10g,黄芩10g,当归10g,生大黄10g。

Position-optimization on retained entry and backfilling wall in gob-side entry retaining techniques

This study investigates the stability problem of gob-side entry retaining （GER） and backfilling wall which located under the key block B. Based on the combined research of elastic-plastic mechanics, structure mechanics and modern theory of mining-induced pressure, the caving characteristic and roof structure over the GER were analyzed, and the vertical force and the torque on retained entry roof were also derived as the position for the retained entry varies. On the basis of the specific geology in Huainan mining area, the results indicate that a relatively more stable position for retained entry neighbors the hinge point of block A and B, and it also located at a scope ranging from this point to the one-third length of block B in horizontal direction. As to appropriate position for backfilling wall, this study recommends partial- road-in backfilling method for GER. Field trial conducted at panel face 12418 of Xieqiao Mine demonstrates that the recommended width for original entry is 3.6 m and the preferred width proportion between original retained entry and original entry is 75 % or so whereas the avoidable one is 88 % or so. These findings provide qualitative references to the mines which share similar geology as what Huainan mining area characterized.

Support technology for mine roadways in extreme weakly cemented strata and its application

For the engineering geology conditions of bad mine roadway roof and floor lithology in extremely weak cemented strata, the best section shape of the roadway is determined from the study of tunnel surrounding rock displacement, plastic zone and stress distribution in rectangular, circle arch and arch wall sections, respectively. Based on the mining depth and thickness of the coal seam, roadway support technology solutions with different buried depth and thickness of coal seam are proposed. Support schemes are amended and optimized in time through monitoring data of the deformation of roadway, roof separation, l-beam bracket, bolt and anchor cable force to ensure the long-term stability and security of the roadway surrounding rock and support structure. The monitoring results show that mine roadway support schemes for different buried depth and section can be adapted to the characteristics of ground pressure and deformation of the surrounding rock in different depth well, effectively control the roadway surrounding rock deformation and the floor heave and guarantee the safety of construction and basic stability of surrounding rock and support structure.

Deformation mechanism of surrounding rocks and key control technology for a roadway driven along goaf in fully mechanized top-coal caving face

The variation of the stress in the bolted surrounding rocks structure of the roadway driven along goaf in a fully mechanized top coal caving face with moderate stable conditions are studied by using numerical calculation. The essential deformation characteristics of the surrounding rocks in this kind of roadway are obtained and the key technology of bolting support used under these conditions is put forward.

Research on application of transient electromagnetic technology in coal mine

Studied the principle of transient electromagnetic method in coalmine and solved the computation of the whole time apparent resistivity and the relation between apparent resistivity and exploration depth and so on. Studied the work method of transient electromagnetic method in coalmine and obtained reasonable arrangement way. Studied data processing and explanation method of transient electromagnetic method and obtained high quality electric section. Finally the purpose to detect water-bearing body and water-bearing structure in front of roadway in advance, and detect the water-bearing property of the roof and floor rock layer of coal face were realized by use of transient electromagnetic method.

Floor heave characteristics and control technology of the roadway driven in deep inclined-strata

Based on in-mine instrumentation and theoretical analysis of the unsymmetrical large-deformation that occurred in the roadway after excavation,Differential Floor Heave(DFH)was found to be the main reason for roadway failure.It needs to be pointed out that the specific roadway was driven in inclined rock strata.In addition,the factors that contribute to the occurrence of DFH are discussed in detail.It is believed that DFH is triggered by the unsymmetrical stress distribution in the floor and the different rock types encountered near the two floor corners.Hence,DFH control should be focused on the left floor corner where shearing failure occurs initially and the left floor surface where tensile failure is more severe.The proposed DFH control strategies include unsymmetrical grouting for the whole roadway,re-design of the roof and ribs support,reinforcement of the weak zones,and release of the concentrated stress in the earlier stage.Meanwhile,it is recommended that in the later stage,both bolts and cable bolts with higher strength and the backfilling technique using the coal measure rocks and concrete should be employed in the reversed-arch floor.The field instrumentation results,after using the proposed control strategies,indicate that large deformation in a DFH roadway has been successfully controlled.

Control of floor heaves with steel pile in gob-side entry retaining

A new approach named as steel pile method is innovatively proposed in this study to control severe floor heaves in gob-side entry retaining. It is required that the steel piles be installed in the floor corners with a certain interval before the influence of the dynamic pressure induced by current panel extraction. Using numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, this study investigated the interaction between the steel piles and the floor rocks during the service life of the steel piles, and revealed the mechanism of the steel piles in controlling floor heaves. The effect of the steel pile parameters on the control of floor heaves was presented and elaborated. It is found that the effectiveness of the steel piles in controlling floor heaves can be enhanced with greater installed dip angle, longer length and smaller interval of the steel piles.Compared with traditional methods, e.g., using floor anchor bolts and floor restoration, the advantages using steel pile were successfully defined in terms of controlling effect and economic benefits. It is hoped that the proposed method can contribute to the development of gob-side entry retaining technique.

Support failure of a high-stress soft-rock roadway in deep coal mine and the equalized yielding support technology： a case study

Abstract There are many soft-rock roadway coal mines in China. The surrounding rocks of the high-stress soft-rock roadways in deep mine are especially difficult to be supported using the traditional supporting way. In this study, the south wing rail roadway on the second level of Yunjialing coal mine in China was used as an example to analyze the deformation and failure characteristics and influencing factors of roadway. On this basis, this study proposed the equalized yielding support idea which employs the yielding rings to realize the pressure equalization on the bolts and cables in the section. To achieve this purpose, the first bolt-mesh-cable equalizing pressure yielding support was integrated with the second grouting reinforcement. The results proved that the yield rings of the bolts and cables on the spandrel of the arched roadway firstly developed yielding deformation; then the deformation extended to the vault of the roadway; the bolts and cables achieved a yielding extreme value of 15 and 18 tonnes, respectively. The roadway surrounding rock tended to be stable at the 26th day after the maintenance. The equalizing pressure yielding supporting technology plays a moderate pressure-releasing and actively controlling role on the surrounding rocks in the soft-rock roadway with large deformation.

Investigation into the deformation of a large span roadway in soft seams and its support technology

We investigated the deformation failure mechanism of surrounding rock from the aspect of engineering support for a roadway in seams with soft roofs and soft floors and observed the large displacement of the roadway in these soft seams.The result shows that the deformation area is quite large,and settlement of the roof is evident and displacement of the side walls is also obvious.We considered rock bolt-cable coupling for roadway support in seams with soft roofs and floors,in which the cable should be fixed at key positions.As well,we designed an optimal scheme to support a roadway in soft seams of the Shizuishan Second Mine in Ningxia,China.Field monitoring results show that bolt-cable coupling support has achieved the aims of roadway stability control and minimizes deformation.

Study on gas monitoring technology based on information fusion

In view of the deficiency of current gas monitoring systems in coal mine roadwayexcavation, a two-level information fusion technology, which adopted the adaptiveweighted algorithm and the BP neural network technology, was applied to gas monitoring.The results show that the adaptive weighted algorithm can realize self-regulation by decreasingthe weight value of the failed sensor automatically, so as to eliminate the effect ofthe failed sensor and ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of the gas monitoring system.The BP neural network can not only effectively predict the gas gush quantity of the excavationroadway, but also accurately calculate the gas concentration in the region whereone or more sensors have failed, so as to provide the basis for judging the safety status ofthe roadway excavation.The experiments prove the superiority and feasibility of the applicationof information fusion in gas monitoring.

Research on U-steel yieldable support with backfill technology in rock roadway

The loading on U-steel yieldable support cannot be organically combined withthe law of strata behaviors from the surrounding rocks of roadway. In order to effectivelysolve the problem, U-steel yieldable support with backfill material and the performancerequirements of backfill material were analyzed on the basis of structural mechanics. Themechanical properties of backfill material selected were tested in the laboratory, and thetest results show that the ratio of the backfill material complies with the requirements ofbackfill technology; it can effectively optimize the relationship between the support and thesurrounding rock, and the filling layer can avoid the partial stress concentration and fullyimprove the support performance. Compared with U-steel yieldable support with ganguefilling, the filed application shows that the supporting result of U-steel yieldable supportwith backfill technology is satisfactory, the stress on U-steel yieldable support with backfilltechnology decreases greatly and distributes uniformly, convergence of the surroundingrock of roadway is decreased by more than 50%, and the surrounding rocks of roadwayare controlled effectively.

Research on sustenance of soft rock tunnel in Hongmiao Mine of Pingzhuang Mine Area

The return airway tunnel of bank 6 is an important tunnel for air return and auxiliary transportation.While under construction,the tunnel was seriously deformed, and the bottom was heavily squeezed.When completed,the bottom was smoothed out several times and a lot of maintenance were done.But about half year later,the tunnel collapsed.To counter the problems mentioned above,we systematically expounded our ideas and designed for solving the problem of the sustenance of the return airway tunnel of section 6.

Mechanism and technology study of collaborative support with long and short bolts in large-deformation roadways

Common short bolts of equal length are widely used to support the roofs of roadways in coal mines.However, they are insufficient to keep the roof stable against large deformations, so docking long bolts with high levels of elongation that can adapt to large deformations of the surrounding rock have been adopted. This paper proposes a collaborative support method that uses long and short bolts. In this study,the mechanism of docking long bolts and collaborative support was studied. Numerical simulation, similarity simulation, and field testing were used to analyze the distribution law of the displacement, stress,and plastic failure in the surrounding rock under different support schemes. Compared with the equal-length short bolt support, the collaborative support changed the maximum principal stress of the shallow roof from tensile stress to compressive stress, and the minimum principal stress of the roof significantly increased. The stress concentration degree of the anchorage zone clearly increased. The deformation of the roof and the two sides was greatly reduced, and the subsidence shape of the shallow roof changed from serrated to a smooth curve. The roof integrity was enhanced, and the roof moved down as a whole. Plastic failure significantly decreased, and the plastic zone of the roof was within the anchorage range. The similarity simulation results showed that, under the maximum mining stress,the roof collapsed with the equal-length short bolt support but remained stable with the collaborative support. The collaborative support method was successfully applied in the field and clearly improved the stability of the surrounding rock for a large deformation roadway.

Experimental study on the bolt–cable combined supporting technology for the extraction roadways in weakly cemented strata

Aiming at the characteristics of the poor steady ability, the short stable time and severe deformation behavior of weakly cemented soft surrounding rock around extraction roadway, a bolt–cable combined supporting technology was proposed. Numerical simulation was performed by using FLAC3 D software to study the effects of different supporting systems. The simulation result proves that those supporting systems have good practical values. Based on real-time monitoring and analysis of the deformation of surrounding rock and the stress of supporting structure, real time information of deformation of surrounding rock and stress state of supporting structure of extraction roadway within weakly cemented strata was obtained. Monitoring results show that large deformation and failure of surrounding rock of extraction roadway within weakly cemented strata can be effectively controlled by the bolt–cable combined supporting technology, which ensures the long-term stability and safety of surrounding rock and supporting structure.

High-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique in deep-well oil shale roadways

In order to avoid the deep-well oil shale roadway being deformed, damaged, or difficult to maintain after excavating and supporting in Haishiwan coal mine, this paper has analyzed the characteristics of the deformed roadway and revealed its failure mechanism by taking comprehensively the methods of field geological investigation, displacement monitoring of surrounding rock, rock properties and hydration properties experiments and field application tests. Based on this work, the high-resistance controlled yielding supporting principle is proposed, which is： to ＂resist＂ by high pre-tightening force and high stiff- ness in the early stage, to ＂yield＂ by making use of the controlled deformation of a yielding tube in the middle stage, and to ＂fix＂ by applying total-section Gunite in the later stage. A high-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique of ＂high pre-tightening force yielding anchor bolt ＋ small-bore pre-tight- ening force anchor cable ＋ rebar ladder beam ＋ rhombic metal mesh ＋ lagging gunite＂ has been estab- lished, and industrial on site testing implemented. The practical results show that the high-resistance controlled yielding supporting technique can effectively control the large deformation and long-time rheology of deep-well oil shale roadways and can provide beneficial references for the maintenance of other con-generic roadways.Deep-well Oil shale

A new technology for coal and gas control based on the in situ stress distribution and the roadway layout

An auxiliary gas control technology is described that can reduce coal and gas outburst accidents when there is no existing protective coal seam and gas pre-draining is not effective.Numerical simulation methods were used to study the stress distribution ahead of the roadway face for different in situ stresses.The results from the simulation can then provide a new gas control technology.The results show that a high stress concentration,high stresses,and high displacement gradients appear ahead of the roadway face when the maximum in situ stress is aligned perpendicular to the roadway axis.The risk of gas outburst is higher when the stresses decrease rapidly over distance and when the release of more energy occurs immediately after driving the roadway.The gas outburst risk is much smaller when the in situ stress is aligned parallel to the roadway axis.During design of the coal mine most of the coal roadways should be arranged to parallel the maximum in situ stress.This will decrease the outburst risk in general and may be considered a new gas outburst prevention method.

Rock roadway complementary support technology in Fengfeng mining district

This paper takes No.52 return uphill roadway of Yangquhe coal mine as a research project. Based on the research, especially its geological condition, indoor experiments, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were employed to determine the difficult coefficients of Yangquhe project. By using these means,the difficult coefficients of the deep rock engineering were determined. From a study of the effects of crustal stress and the roof mechanism on roadway stability, the transformation mechanism in Yangquhe coal mine has been determined. As a result of this research, the interactive support technology of prestressed cable mesh was developed and the technology tested in mining engineering, which proved to be feasible.

Experimental study on supporting technology of gob-side entry with different roof conditions

Aiming to effectively solve the problem of deep mining with safety and high efficiency, according to geological conditions, production and stress analysis in roadway surrounding rock, experimental studies on roadway supporting of workface 103 under three types of roof conditions with different supporting technologies and parameters were carried out based on the theory of supporting technology of gob-side entry. The results show the supporting of gob-side entry retaining is successful, and the deep surrounding rock is effectively controlled by field monitoring and drilling-hole photos. After stress in surrounding rock of roadways restores stable, the final roadway deformation of surrounding rock of haulage roadway and air-roadway are both about 300 mm; width of gob-side entry is 3.8-4.0 m and average height is 2.0-2.2 m; roadway section is above 8.0 m^2, which solves the problems of gob-side entry retaining support strength and safe mining; necessary conditions of mining safety in workface 103 are met.

Application of a combined supporting technology with U-shaped steel support and anchor-grouting to surrounding soft rock reinforcement in roadway

Soft rock surrounding deep roadway has poor stability and long-term rheological effect. More and larger deformation problems of surrounding rock occur due to adverse supporting measures for such roadways, which not only affects the engineering safety critically but also improves the maintenance costs. This paper takes the main rail roadway with severely deformation in China＇s Zaoquan coal mine as an example to study the long-term deformation tendency and damage zone by means of in-situ deformation monitoring and acoustic wave testing technique. A three-dimensional finite element model reflecting the engineering geological condition and initial design scheme is established by ABAQUS. Then, on the basis of field monitoring deformation data, the surrounding rock geotechnical and theological parameters of the roadway are obtained by back analysis. A combined supporting technology with U-shaped steel support and anchor-grouting is proposed for the surrounding soft rock. The numerical simulation of the combined supporting technology and in-situ deformation monitoring results show that the soft rock surrounding the roadway has been held effectively.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STABILITY OF A DEEP ROADWAY

In this paper the thickness of a broken zone, a state parameter of roadway surrounding rock, is used as the index to evaluate the stabi1ity of surrounding rock of a deep roadway. The paper gives a theoretic formula for calculating the thickness of the broken zone. The author points out that not only the ultimate strength of rockmass but its residual strength and strain-softening level all have a great influence on the stability of surrounding rock of a deep roadway. The paper’s results show that to reinforce surrounding rock, raise its residual strength and lower its strain-softening level should be taken as a basic requirement for supports of a deep roadway. In addition, the research also indicates that it is impossible for roadway supports to change surrounding rock states of a deep roadway, so it is certain for them to work in a broken state. For this reason, a sufficient yieldable quantity is necessary for roadway supports used in deep mining.